中國戲劇英文介紹

ChineseOpera

chineseoperaChineseoperatogetherwithGreecetragic-comedy(希臘悲喜劇)andIndianSanskritOpera(印度梵劇)arethethreeoldestdramaticartformsintheworld.DuringtheTangDynasty(618–907),theEmperorTaizongestablishedanoperaschoolwiththepoeticnameLiyuan(PearGarden).Fromthattimeon,performersofChineseoperawerereferredtoas'disciplesofthepeargarden'.在唐朝(618-907),太宗皇帝建立了一個(gè)充滿詩意的歌劇學(xué)校名為立元(梨花園)。從那時(shí)起,中國歌劇的表演者被稱為“教育的梨花園”。chineseoperachineseoperaSincetheYuanDynasty(1271-1368)ithasbeenencouragedbycourtofficialsandemperorsandhasbecomeatraditionalartform.自從元朝(1271-1368)它一直受到法院官員和皇帝的鼓勵(lì)，已經(jīng)成為一種傳統(tǒng)的藝術(shù)形式。DuringtheQingDynasty(1644-1911),itbecamefashionableamongordinarypeople.Performanceswerewatchedintearooms,restaurants,andevenaroundmakeshiftstages.在清朝(1644-1911),它在普通百姓中十分流行。在茶室,餐館,甚至在臨時(shí)搭建的舞臺(tái)上都可以看見表演。Whatappealstoforeignersmostmightbethedifferentstylesof

facialmake-upwhichisoneofthehighlightsandrequiresdistinctive(獨(dú)特的)techniquesofpainting.Exaggerateddesignsare

paintedoneachperformer'sfacetosymbolizeacharacter'spersonality,role,andfate.Thistechniquemayhaveoriginatedfromancientreligionsanddance.這是一個(gè)亮點(diǎn),需要獨(dú)特的繪畫技巧。演員的臉上被夸張地設(shè)計(jì)著,象征一個(gè)角色的性格、角色和命運(yùn)。這種技術(shù)可能源于古老的宗教和舞蹈。ColourfulmasksandvariousrolesWhite:Sinister(陰險(xiǎn)),evil,crafty(狡猾),treacherous(奸詐),andsuspicious.

Anyone

wearingawhitemaskisusuallythevillain(壞人).Green:Impulsive(沖動(dòng)的),violent,noselfrestraintorselfcontrol.Red:Brave,loyal.Black:Rough,fierce(暴躁的),orimpartial(公正的).Yellow:Ambitious,fierce,cool-headed.Blue:Steadfast(堅(jiān)定的),someonewhoisloyalandstickstoonesidenomatterwhat.Generally,aredfacerepresentsloyaltyandbravery;ablackface,valor;yellowandwhitefaces,duplicity;andgoldenandsilverfaces,mystery.Besidescolor,linesalsofunctionassymbols.Forexample,afigurecanbepaintedeitherallwhiteonhisface,orjustaroundthenose.Thelargerthewhiteareapainted,themoreviperoustherole.

一個(gè)紅色的臉代表忠誠和勇氣;一個(gè)黑的臉,英勇;黃色和白色的面孔,表里不一;和金色和銀色面孔,神秘。除了顏色,線條也函數(shù)作為符號(hào)。例如,圖要么全部涂在他的臉上,或就在鼻子。白色區(qū)域畫越大,越陰險(xiǎn)的角色。

Colourfulmasksandvariousroles1.生是戲曲表演行當(dāng)?shù)闹饕愋椭唬缪菽行匀宋?。（分為老生、小生，武生。?.旦：正旦——主要扮演嫻靜莊重的青年、中年婦女。重唱功，多用韻白。因常穿青素褶子，故又名“青衣”。

花旦——多扮演性格明快活潑的青年女性。此外，還有武旦，老旦等。3.凈：俗稱花臉。以面部化妝運(yùn)用各種色彩和圖案勾勒臉譜為突出標(biāo)志，扮演性格、氣質(zhì)、相貌上有特異之點(diǎn)的男性角色。4.丑：丑戲曲表演行當(dāng)主要類型之一，喜劇角色。。扮演人物種類繁多，有的心地善良，幽默滑稽；有的奸詐刁惡，慳吝卑鄙。TheDevelopmentofChineseOperaFormingstage:

Primitivesociety(tosatisfypeople’sspiritualneed)社火、秧歌、儺戲Boomingperiod:InYuandynasty,commercialandprofessionalperforminggroupemerged.TheDevelopmentofChineseOperaFamousworks:竇娥冤（關(guān)漢卿）、漢宮秋（馬致遠(yuǎn)）Extensionphase:InMingdynasty,KunqugrewupontheregionssouthofYangtzeRiver(江南).T