職稱英語(yǔ)《理工類》考試真題

xx單項(xiàng)選擇題Inthesituationedy,atraditionalformatfortelevisionshows,thesamecharactersappearrepeatedlyinhumorousepisodes.A.respectivelyB.againandagainC.simultaneouslyD.brieflyKnowingthatIhadbeenoutofworknow,theywereunwillingtolendmemoney.A.unhappyB.readyC.preparedD.reluctant3、根據(jù)以下材料，請(qǐng)答復(fù)題ScienceandTechnologyThereisadifferencebetweenscienceandtechnology.(46)Sciencehastodowithdiscoveringthefactsandrelationshipsbetweenobservablephenomenainnatureandwithestablishingtheoriesthatservetoorganizethesefactsandrelationships;technologyhastodowithtools,techniques,andproceduresforapplyingthefindingsofscience.(47)Progressinscienceexcludesthehumanfactor.Scientists,whoseektounderstandtheuniverseandknowthetruthwithinthehighestdegreeofauracyandcertainty,cannotpayattentiontotheirownorotherpeopleslikesordislikesortopopularideasaboutthefitnessofthings.(48)Butevenanunpleasanttruthismorethanlikelytobeuseful;besides,wehavethechoiceofrefusingtobelieveit!Buthardlysowithtechnology;wedonothavethechoiceofrefusingtohearthesoundproducedbyasupersonicaircraftflyingoverhead;wecannotrefusetobreathepollutedair.(49)Thepurposeoftechnologyistoservepeople-peopleingeneral,notmerelysomepeople;andfuturegenerations,notmerelythosewhopresentlywishtogainadvantageforthemselves.(50)Manypeopleblametechnologyitselfforwidespreadpollution,resourcedepletionandevensocialdecayingeneral--somuchsothatthepromiseoftechnologyis"obscured".Thatpromiseisacleanerandhealthierworld.Ifwiseapplicationsofscienceandtechnologydonotleadtoabetterworld,whatelsewill?答復(fù)(46)題A.Anotherdistinctionbetweenscienceandtechnologyhastodowiththeprogressineach.B.Unlikescience,progressintechnologymustbemeasuredintermsofthehumanfactor.C.Whatscientistsdiscovermayshockorangerpeople--asdidDarwin'stheoryofevolution.D.Scienceandtechnologyaredifferent.E.Weareallfamiliarwiththeimproperuseoftechnology.F.Scienceisamethodofansweringtheoreticalquestions;technologyisamethodofsolvingpracticalproblems.Ifnooneobjects,Mr.benwillbethenextchairman.A.disagreesB.approvesC.rejectsD.refusesItisadvisabletowearsunscreenwhenoutinthesun.A.possibleB.profitableC.easyD.sensible6、Atheflatsinthebuildinghadthesamelayout.A.colorB.arrangementC.sizeD.function7、ThephotographevokedstrongmemoriesofourholidaysinFrance.A.refreshedB.storedC.blockedD.erased根據(jù)以下材料答復(fù)題：MicroelectronicsRevolutionThe1980sarelikelytobeconsideredasamorethansomewhatinterestingdecadefortheUnitedKingdomandindeedforotherindustrializedcountries.Thepolitical,socialandeconomicautonomicreflexesinoperationforthegreaterpartofthiscenturywillhavetogivewaytothenewasconditionschange.Paramountamongstthesechangesistheadventofmicroelectronicswiththeirabilitytoincreaseproductivityandtheendofcheap,easilymanipulatedsourcesofenergy.TogetherthesewillundoubtedlychangethepatternofindustrializationandindustrializedlifeinaradicalmannernotseenintheUKsincetheearly19thcentury.Mosttechnologicalchangesaresomewhatlessthanfundamental.Manyactonanindividualprocessofindustryandsotheireffectsonthegeneraleconomycanbeboxedoff.Othersactonthedemandsidewithnewproducts,oftenfornewmarkets.Microelectronics,though,aredifferent.Itisdifficulttothinkofpartsoftheeconomyonwhichtheywillnothaveanimpact;itisespeciallyverydifficulttothinkofthemanynewconsumerproductsthatwillevolve.Itisalreadybeingused,inproductiveprocessesthroughrobotics,inproductionplanningthroughcheapputers,ascheapandeasytomaintainponents,andthroughtelemunications,teletextsystemsandwordprocessingtoprovide,transmitandstoreinformation.Theresultinglargeincreasesinproductivitywillmeanthatincreasedlevelsofoutputwillbeproducedusingfewerresourcesofmanpower,rawmaterialsandenergy.Onthefaceofitthishastobeagoodthing,itopensvistasthatwerepreviouslyclosed.Thecost,however,ismeasuredintermsoftheresultingjoblosses,jobchangesandlackofnewjobs.Ifwesitbackandallowthemarkettoworkallocatingwealthandjobs-inotherwords-continueasweareatpresent,eitherthetechnologieswillnotbeintroducedatallortherewillbesocialconfrontationonamassivescale.Thisnewtechnologyimprovesproductivityatpreciselythetimeworldtradegrowthisdeclining,andthisislikelytodiminishevenfurthergiventheresponsestotheshortageofenergysources.Thiswillalmostcertainlymeanthatourabilitytosupplywilloutstrip)ourabilitytodemand,givingaclassichighunemployment.Themostimportantchangesinthe1980sA.areaffectingindividualindustriesB.atenotevidentintheUKC.concernmicroelectronicsandenergyD.arebeingcausedbychangesofattitudesMaryislookingforthebookshelostyesterdayA.tryingtofindB.tryingtoreadC.tryingtobuyD.tryingtoborrow10、根據(jù)以下材料答復(fù)題：TheMirSpaceStationTheRussianMirSpaceStation,whichcamedowninxxatlastafter15yearsofpioneeringtheconceptoflong-termhumanspaceflight,isrememberedforitsaomplishmentsinthehumanspaceflighthistory.Itcanbecreditedwithmanyfirstsinspace.TheSovietUnionlaunchedMir,whichwasdesignedtolastfromthreetofiveyears,onFebruary20,1986,andhoused104astronautsover12yearsandsevenmonths,mostofwhomwerenotRussian.Infact,itbecamethefirstinternationalspacestationbyplayinghostto162peoplefrom11countries.From1995through1998,sevenastronautsfromtheUnitedStatestookturnslivingonMirforuptosixmonthseach2.Theywereamongthe37Americanswhovisitedthestationduringninestopoversbyspaceshuttles.Themorethan400milliontheUnitedStatesprovidedRussianforthevisitsnotonlykeptMiroperating,butalsogavetheAmericansandtheirpartnersintheinternationalstationprojectvaluableexperienceinlong-termflightandmultinationaloperations.AdebatecontinuesoverMir'scontributionstoscience.Duringitsexistence,Mirwasthelaboratoryfor23,000experimentsandearnedscientificequipment,estimatedtobeworth$80million,frommanynations.3ExperimentsonMirarccreditedwitharangeoffindings,fromthefirstsolidmeasurementoftherationofheavyheliumatomsinspacetohowtogrowwheatinspace.Butforthosefavoringhumanspaceexploration,MirshowedthatpeoplecouldliveandworkinspacelongenoughforatriptoMars.Thelongestsinglestayinspaceisthe437.7daysthatRussianastronautValeryPolyakovspentonMirfrom1994to1995.AndSergieAvdeyevaumulated747.6daysinspaceinthreetripstothespacestation.ThelongestAmericanstaywasthatofShannonLucid4,whospent188daysaboardMirin1996.DespitethemanyfirstsMiraomplished,1997wasabadyearoutof15forMir,In1997,anoxygengeneratorcaughtfire.Later,themainputers