中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

第第頁(yè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)定義：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。一、基本結(jié)構(gòu)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：have/has+done其中have/has為助動(dòng)詞，done為動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞；肯定：Theyhavefinishedtheirtask.否定：Theyhaven’tfinishedtheirtask.疑問(wèn)形式：Have/Has

+主語(yǔ)+done

+其他？

Havetheyfinishedtheirtask？回答用Yes,…h(huán)ave(has)./No,…h(huán)aven’t(hasn’t).二、過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成分規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種形式；規(guī)則變化則同動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的規(guī)則變化一樣：變化規(guī)則舉例(1)一般在動(dòng)詞后加-edplay—played—playedwant—wanted—wanted(2)

以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的加-dlike—liked—likedlive—lived—lived(3)

以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-edcarry—carried—carriedhurry—hurried—hurried(4)

以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫字尾加-edplan—planned—plannedstop—stopped—stopped其不規(guī)則變化參照《動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化表》。

be-was/were-beengo-went-gone三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)應(yīng)用1.

表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，其漢譯常帶有“完了，過(guò)了，已經(jīng)”等意，Ihavespentallofmymoney.?Myfatherhasgonetowork.2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來(lái)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻的、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作（用行為動(dòng)詞表示）或狀態(tài)（be動(dòng)詞表

示），常與for（+

時(shí)間段），since（+

過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過(guò)去時(shí)的句子）連用，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：Hehaslivedheresince1978.

自從1978年以來(lái)，他一直住在這兒。Theyhave

leanrt

Chineseinthisschoolfor3years.

他們?cè)谶@個(gè)學(xué)校學(xué)漢語(yǔ)3年了?！咀⒁狻?.

since用法作為介詞，自從...以來(lái)，后面加時(shí)間點(diǎn)，與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。Hehasbeenheresincethreeyearsago.作為連詞，自從...以來(lái)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。IhavetaughtEnglishinChinasinceIcamehere.Itis/hasbeen+時(shí)間段+since從句（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）ItisthreeyearssinceIleftAustralia.2.for和since用法區(qū)分for+時(shí)間段，累計(jì)的時(shí)間，一直進(jìn)行多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，某件事開(kāi)始的時(shí)間。Theyhavebeenmarriedfortenyears.Theyhavebeenmarriedsincetenyearsago

【練習(xí)1】用for和since填空1.

________

twoyears?2.

________

twoyearsago??3.

________

lastmonth4.

________

1999?5.

________

yesterday??6.

________

4o’clock7.

________

4hours?8.

________anhourago?9.

________

wewerechildren10.

________

lunchtime?11.

________

shelefthere現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)所用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：recently/;inthepastfew+時(shí)間段;since+時(shí)間點(diǎn);for+時(shí)間段，sofar，already等等。如：Theyhavebeenbuildingthebridgefortwomonth.兩個(gè)月來(lái)他們一直在修橋。Wehaven’tgotanyreplyfromhersofar.

我們迄今為止還沒(méi)有收到她的回復(fù)。【練習(xí)2】1．I____________fivebookssinceIjoinedthebookclub.A．a(chǎn)mreading?B．willread?C．haveread2.—DoyouknowSunshineTownverywell，

MrChen？—Sure．

I____heresinceIwasborn.A．haslived?B．lived?C．havelived?3.I________theguitareversinceIwas8yearsold.A．played?B．haveplayed?C．a(chǎn)mplaying?4.Theancienttownhasbeenopentovisitors________abouttenyears．A．by?B．for?C．on?四【短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞】在英語(yǔ)中，短暫性動(dòng)詞不能與持續(xù)的時(shí)間連用，要轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞catchacoldhaveacoldputonwearborrowkeepbuyhavecome/arrive/reachbeheregobetherefallillbeilldiebedeadfallasleepbeasleepopenbeopenclosebeclosedgetmarriedbemarriedjoinbeinbegin/startbeonfinishbeoverI

have

bought

this

bike

for

5

years.

（buy不能和5

years連用）→Ihavehadthisbikefor5years.Theyhavegotmarriedsince1999.

（get

married是短暫性動(dòng)詞，不能和段時(shí)間連用）→

They

havebeenmarriedsince1999.[注意]短暫性動(dòng)詞的否定式可以與一段時(shí)間連用，因?yàn)榉穸ㄊ奖硎緞?dòng)作未發(fā)生，表示持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，不與根本的產(chǎn)生原則沖突，比如最常見(jiàn)的一個(gè)日常用語(yǔ)：Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime.

【練習(xí)1】1.LiHonghas________thearmyfor2years.

A.joined

B.bein

C.beenin

2.Wehavebeenfriendssince______.

A.children

B.fiveyears

C.fiveyearsago

3.Mike___________thestoryforamonth.

A.hasbought

B.hashad

C.hadhad

4.You______thatquestionthreetimes.

A.alreadyasked

B.havealreadyasked

C.alreadyhaveasked

5.They_________inthecitysincelastsummer.

A.live

B.didn’tlive

C.havelived

6.Mrs.WanghaslivedinHaikou_____1992.

A.since

B.from

C.after

7.Mr.Black_________Chinasince

thesummerof1998.

A.hasbeento

B.hasbeenin

C.hascometo

10.Hisfather_______foryears.

A.hasdied

B.hasbeendead

C.died五【辨析havegoneto/havebeento/havebeenin】havegoneto:已經(jīng)去了某地（人還沒(méi)回來(lái)）Havebeento:曾今去過(guò)某地（人已經(jīng)回來(lái)）Havebeenin:一直待在某地（可以與一段時(shí)間連用）

-WhereisJack?Ican’tfindhim.-HehasgonetoBeijingonbusiness.IhavebeentoFrancethreetimes.Ithinkitisreallyabeautifulcountry.It’ssaidhehasbeeninJapanforthreemonths.

【練習(xí)3】1.Mr.Li_______Kunming.He______thecitythreetimes.Thistimehe________Kunmingforthreedays.A.hasbeento;hasgoneto;hasbeenin

B.hasgoneto;hasbeento;hasbeeninC.hasbeenin;hasbeento;hasgoneto

2.—WhenwillyoursistergotoEngland?—She______Londonsincefourmonthsago.

A.wentto

B.hasgoneto

C.hasbeento

D.hasbeenin3.—MayIspeaktoyourheadmaster?—Sorry,heisn’there.He______toGuiyangonbusiness.A.havegone

B.hasgone

C.havebeenin

4.—Whereisyouruncle?Ihaven’tseenhimforalongtime.—He______Beijingforabouthalfayear.HemovedthereinJanuary.

A.hasgoneto

B.hasbeenin

C.hasarrivedin

【鞏固練習(xí)1.1】1.—HaveyouseenDr.Adamsrecently?—No.He_____HongKongforanimportantmeeting.He’llcomebacktomorrow.A.hasgonein

B.hasbeenin

C.hasgoneto

2.—Whereismysister,mum?—She_____thelibraryandshewillbebacksoon.A.hasbeento

B.hasgoneto

C.isgoingto

3.—Whereisyourcousin?—He______Shanghaiandhe______therefortwodays.A.hasgoneto;hasbeenin

B.hasgoneto;hasbeenC.hasbeento;hasbeen【2.知識(shí)點(diǎn)分析】：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)1

用法：①過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作例：He

wascooking

atsixlastnight.

昨天晚上六點(diǎn)，他正在做飯。②過(guò)去某段時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作?例：I

wasstaying

herefromMarchtoMaylastyear.

去年從3月到5月，我一直呆在這里。2

.與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的有

atninelastnight/

atthattime=then/atthistimeyesterday

/或有whentheteachercamein/

whilehewasreading3

.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：was\were+現(xiàn)在分詞4.

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的四個(gè)基本句型【課堂練習(xí)】1．—Icalledyoulastnight.Butnooneanswered.

—Oh,I_________TVatthattime.A．watched?B．a(chǎn)mwatching?C．willwatch?D．waswatchingI________theviolinatteno'clockthismorning.A．practice?B．werepracticing?C．a(chǎn)mpracticing?D．waspracticing4．—Whydidn'tyouanswermyphoneat8:00lastnight?—Sorry,

.A．Igoswimming

B．IamtakingashowerC．Iwashangingoutwithfriends

句型：肯定句：主語(yǔ)+was/were+doing+其它否定句：主語(yǔ)+was/were+not+doing+其它一般疑問(wèn)句及答語(yǔ)：Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+doing+其它肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+was/were

否定回答：No,主語(yǔ)+wasnot/werenot.特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+was/were+主語(yǔ)+doing+其它舉例：肯定句?

He

wascooking

atsixlastnight.?

?否定句?

He

wasnotcooking

atsixlastnight.一般疑問(wèn)句?

Was

he

cooking

atsixlastnight??兩回答?Yes,he

was.

No,he

wasn’t.特殊疑問(wèn)句?

What

was

he

doing

atsixlastnight?5.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的固定句型when和while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，主句和從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題。1.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；即一個(gè)動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)另一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，用when(用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或短暫性動(dòng)詞都可以)。例：I

was

watching

TV

when

the

bell

rang.我正在看電視突然鈴響了Jim

wasreading

when

theteacher

came

in.

當(dāng)老師進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候，吉姆正在讀書(shū)。2.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示兩個(gè)延續(xù)動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻同時(shí)進(jìn)行，用while(只用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)。例：The

students

were

reading

while

the

teacher

was

checking

their

homework.

老師在批改作業(yè)的時(shí)候，學(xué)生們?cè)谧x書(shū)。Jim

wasreading

while

Kate

waswatching

TV.

在凱特正在看電視的同時(shí)，吉姆正在讀書(shū)。Jim

came

in

while

Kate

waswatching

TV.

在凱特正在看電視的時(shí)候，吉姆進(jìn)來(lái)了。6.比較He

watched

TVlastnight.?

（過(guò)去時(shí)間lastnight,

用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）He

waswatching

TVatninelastnight.?

(過(guò)去時(shí)間lastnight+點(diǎn)時(shí)間atnine,

用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí))【練習(xí)2】 1．—Whendidtheclassroomhaveapowercut?—Thismorning,whilewe________aphysicslesson.A．havehad?B．werehaving?C．a(chǎn)rehaving?D．will