2020年高考英語新題型寫作技巧八 強調(diào)倒裝虛擬語氣句型和豐富細(xì)節(jié)的手段

2020年高考英語寫作新題型備考技巧專題（八）強調(diào)倒裝虛擬句型+豐富文章細(xì)節(jié)的手段備考技巧丄特殊句型是英語書面表達(dá)中的高級句式，其中強調(diào)句和倒裝句是較為常見的特殊句型。而虛擬語氣也是高中較難掌握的句型之一。它們的準(zhǔn)確使用能夠彰顯考生的英語水平，提高寫作檔次。一．重點突出的強調(diào)句型（一）強調(diào)句的基本句式結(jié)構(gòu)為：Itis/was+被強調(diào)部分+that/who+句子其他成分。它可以強調(diào)除謂語動詞外的其它任何成分，如主語、賓語、狀語等。在續(xù)寫和概寫中靈活運用強調(diào)句不僅能突出重點、增強表達(dá)，更能彰顯考生的英語運用能力。Itisjusttheso-calledinconveniencethatdisplaystherichness,delicacyandgreatfascinationofChineseculturewithahistoryofthousandsofyears.（2019年浙江高考書面表達(dá)）在寫作中運用強調(diào)句型可以采取以下步驟：在一個寫好的句子中找出需要強調(diào)的成分，如主語、賓語、狀語等；根據(jù)句子的時態(tài)確定is或was；然后把要強調(diào)的成分套進(jìn)句式里，Itis/was+被強調(diào)部分+that/who+句子其他成分。例：Wecreatedaharmoniousatmospherewithsincerityandfaithfulness.如果我們要強調(diào)狀語，即withsincerityandfaithfulness，在確定好時態(tài)was后，把需要強調(diào)的部分放在itwas后，that后放除強調(diào)外的剩余成分便得到：Itwaswithsincerityandfaithfulnessthatwecreatedaharmoniousatmosphere.（二）強調(diào)句常用句式Itis/was+被強調(diào)的部分+that/who+句子其它成分ItisontheplaygroundthisFridayafternoonthatavolleyballgamewillbeheld.（2019全國一卷書面表達(dá)）Itwasbecauseoftheirhelpthatadisasterwasavoided.（2017年浙江高考書面表達(dá)）Is/wasit+被強調(diào)的部分+that/who+句子其它成分Wasitintheparkthatthechildrensawthestrangegreenobjects?特殊疑問詞+is/wasit+被強調(diào)的部分+句子其它成分Whenwasitthatyoumadeupyourmindtoworkasavolunteerteacher?Itis/wasnotuntilthat+句子其它成分Itwasn'tuntilhewentthroughrealhardshipthatherealizedtheloveforafamilycounts.注意：強調(diào)謂語動詞時，可以用助動詞do/does/didWedidhopetherewouldbemoremeaningfulactivitiesinthecomingfuture.（2015年北京高考）二．平衡句子的倒裝句型英語書面表達(dá)中的倒裝舉行主要包括部分倒裝和全倒裝。一般應(yīng)用文、議論文、故事續(xù)寫和文章概寫都可使用倒裝句型，可以使句子更為生動和高級?？忌綍r應(yīng)多注意和練習(xí)以下句型。1.“only+狀語”置于句首時，句子需要使用部分倒裝。Wecanhelptoconstructanenergy-savingsocietyonlywithjointefforts.Onlywithjointeffortscanwehelptoconstructanenergy-savingsociety.2?none,neither,nor,never,hardly,scarcely,barely,little,seldom等否定詞或atnotime,innoway,undernocircumstances,bynomeans,notuntil,notonly,notasingleword等表示否定意義的短語放于句首時，句子也要部分倒裝。①.Henotonlymadeapromise,butalsohekeptit.Notonlydidhemakeapromise,butalsohekeptit.②.WehadnosoonerarrivedattheactivitycenterthanwesignedupfortheWalkingContest.NosoonerhadwearrivedattheactivitycenterthanwesignedupfortheWalkingContest.3?在so/such???that???結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)so/such???位于句首時，后面的從句需要考慮使用倒裝。①.Wearesoeagertowinthegamethatweshouldprepareforit.Soeagertowinthegamearewethatweshouldprepareforit.（2019全國一卷書面表達(dá)）②.Hedrovesocarelesslythathealmostkilledhimself.Socarelesslydidhedrivesocarelesslythathealmostkilledhimself.as表示盡管時，后面的形容詞、名詞、副詞等成分必須置前；though在這種情況下，是否倒裝都可以。Though/Although/Whilehewas,hestillwentonwithhisfarmwork.Exhaustedas/thoughhewas,hestillwentonwithhisfarmwork.5?虛擬語氣條件句中的“Were/Should/HadI???”倒裝句式①.Lookingback,IfeelIwouldn'tbeabletorideabikeifIhadlostheart.Lookingback,IfeelIwouldn'tbeabletorideabikehadIlostheart.②.IfIweretwoyearsyounger,Iwoulddosomething.WereItwoyearsyounger,Iwoulddosomething.以副詞there,here,away,down,off,in,out等副詞或者intheroom,onthewall等介詞短語為首時，后面的主語為名詞時，需要用全倒裝；主語若為人稱代詞，則不用倒裝。.Herearesomerelevantdetailsaboutit.（2018年全國二卷書面表達(dá)）.ThedooropenedandincameMr.Wang..Infrontoftheschoolstandsthehospital.三．委婉動聽的虛擬語氣在書面表達(dá)中，運用高階語法虛擬語氣需要注意表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確性。如果表達(dá)不太真實的條件或者表達(dá)要求、愿望、強調(diào)論述觀點的客觀性時，考生可以借助虛擬語氣，使書面表達(dá)更為精彩。陳述語氣變虛擬語氣：.Ididn'ttakehisadvice,soIfailedintheexam.IfIhadtakenhisadvice,Iwouldn'thavefailedintheexam..It'stimeforustotakemeasurestoprotectendangeredanimals.It'stimethatwetookmeasurestoprotectendangeredanimals.寫作中常見的虛擬語氣句式：If虛擬語氣，與過去、現(xiàn)在、將來相反IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeawalkintheeveningwithmyfriends.（2014安徽高考書面表達(dá)）???wish???would/haddone/were/did???希望/但愿Iwishtherewouldn'tbetoomanystudentsinaclass.?asif/asthough?與過去現(xiàn)在相反，表示“好像”Everythinginmychildhoodcrowdeduponmymindasiftheyhadjusthappened.IfonlyIcould/did/haddone?我要是??就好了IfonlyIcouldgobackandresetmygoals.（2015重慶高考書面表達(dá)）It's（high/about）time（that）?did/shoulddo?是時候??It'shightimethatbothchildrenandparentstookactiontomakesomechanges.shouldhavedone本應(yīng)該做；shouldn'thavedone本不應(yīng)該做Ishouldn'thaveleftTom.（2016浙江高考書面表達(dá)）suggest,propose,order,advise,insist,demand等賓語從句中的虛擬語氣（should）do???TomasterMandarin,IstronglysuggestyoupracticewithChinesepeople.（2015四川高考書面表達(dá)）without/butfor/butthat?含蓄型虛擬語氣，表“要不是??”Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn'thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.備考技巧2提升訓(xùn)練一．句子綜合訓(xùn)練。根據(jù)要求完成下列句子。Ididn'trealizethemistakeuntilIgrowup.（用強調(diào)句強調(diào)狀語）Thechildrencangrowuptobementallyandphysicallyhealthyonlyinthisway.（倒裝句）Thatwelovepeaceisknowntoall.（變?yōu)閕t引導(dǎo)的形式主語）Thoughourcountryisrich,thequalitiesofourlivingarebynomeanssatisfactory（.將從句倒裝）Youshouldtrytofindabetterway.Thenyouwillmakegreaterprogress.改為祈使句）Weshouldtakesomemeasures.Thatisnecessary.改為Itis+adj....結(jié)構(gòu)）Iwasbusyworking.Atthattime,myunclecame.（用when連接兩個分句）Justwhentheperformanceswasover,weleftthetheatre.（用themoment連接兩個分句）Yourperformancewaswonderful.Iwasdeeplyimpressed.（用so...that...連接句子）Thetechnologyisdevelopingquickly.Wecanlivelongerinthefuture.（用with結(jié)構(gòu)連接句子）Hewonthegame.Wewereverysurprised.（用what引導(dǎo)的主語從句）Hedidn'trealizethathehadwastedmuchtimeplayingcomputergamesuntilhefailedintheexam.（用倒裝句）13.1haven'ttime,soIwillnotattendyourparty.（用if虛擬語氣改寫）HispoemsnotonlyhaveastronginfluenceonChineseliterature,butalsotheyhavebeentranslatedintomanyforeignlanguages.（notonly放句首倒裝）Wereallylookforwardtoyourparticipationbecauseit'sagoodchanceforyoutolearnthenaturalknowledgeofChina.（強調(diào)狀語）Wespendthetimeandenergyonthepresentthatmakesitvaluableratherthanthemoneywepay.（強調(diào)賓語）LookattheterriblesituationI'min.Ididn'ttakeyouradvice.（用shouldhave虛擬語氣改寫）ItwaspitythatIdidn'tfollowyouradvice.（用ifonly虛擬語氣改寫）Agroupofyoungmenrushedout,stilldiscussingtheperformancewithgreatenthusiasm.（用倒裝句改寫）Youaresokindandconsideratethatwehopetobefriendswithyouwhereveryouare.（用倒裝句改寫）題目一【答案】ItwasnotuntilIgrowupthatIrealizedthemistake．Onlyinthiswaycanthechildrengrowuptobementallyandphysicallyhealthy.Itisknowntoallthatwelovepeace.Richasourcountryis,thequalitiesofourlivingarebynomeanssatisfactory.Trytofindabetterwayandyouwillmakegreaterprogress.Itisnecessarythatweshouldtakesomemeasures.Iwasbusyworkingwhenmyunclecame.Weleftthetheatrethemomenttheperformanceswasover.YourperformancewassowonderfulthatIwasdeeplyimpressed.Withthetechnologydevelopingquickly,wecanlivelongerinthefuture.Whatsurprisedussomuchwasthathewonthegame.Notuntilhefailedintheexamdidherealizethathehadwastedmuchtimeplayingcomputergames.IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendyourparty.NotonlydohispoemshaveastronginfluenceonChineseliterature,butalsotheyhavebeentranslatedintomanyforeignlanguages.Itisbecauseit'sagoodchanceforyoutolearnthenaturalknowledgeofChinathatwereallylookforwardtoyourparticipationItisthetimeandenergywespendonthepresentthatmakesitvaluableratherthanthemoneywepay.LookattheterriblesituationI'min.Ishouldhavetakenyouradvice.IfonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice.Outrushedagroupofyoungmen,stilldiscussingtheperformancewithgreatenthusiasm.Sokindandconsiderateareyouthatwehopetobefriendswithyouwhereveryouare.二．閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個完整的故事。請盡量使用各種句式技巧。StevewasthemostamazingpersoninallofMinneapolis,andhewasmycousin.Bytheageof19,StevewasastarbaseballplayerattheUniversityofMinnesota.Iwantedtobeexactlylikehim.SowhenSteveaskedmetogowithhimonaspringfishingtripinnorthernMinnesota,Iwasexcited!Afterplanningthetrip,wegatheredclothesandsupplies,andbeganourgreatadventure.WereachedtheSuperiorNationalForestinnorthernMinnesotabyearlyevening.Onourwaytothecampsite,Stevepointedtoasmallhousefarawayinoneofthemountains,sayingthatitwastherangerstation（護林站）wheretheforesterworked.Finally,afteralongwalk,wereachedthecampsiteandsetupthecampasthesunwassetting.Steveknewallthetricksofanexperiencedwildernesscamper.Afterwegatheredenoughwoodfromtheforest,hestartedthecampfireusingonlystoneandsteel—noParagraph2:Suddenly,weheardanoiseintheforest.Paragraph2:Suddenly,weheardanoiseintheforest.-driedbeef,wildriceandpeasoup.Iategreedilymatches.Forsupperwefeastedonfreezeafterallthatwork.-driedbeef,wildriceandpeasoup.IategreedilyTiredenough,weclimbedintooursleepingbagsearlyandtalkedaboutourplansforfishingthenextday.Wewerestilltalkingquietlywhenasuddennorthwindpickedup;thetemperaturedroppedanditbegantosnow.Stevefoundawaytoincreasethetemperatureinsidethetent.Hedraggedalog（原木）fromtheforesttotheoppositesideofthecampfire.Thenhewrappedaluminumfoil（鋁箔）aroundthelog.Theheatfromthefirereflectedoffthefoilandintothetent.Soonimagesoflakefishwerefillingmydreams.Thesnowhadstopped,butsometimelaterapowerfulwindmusthavekickeduptheflamesofourdyingfire.IwasabruptlyawakenedbySteve.Ourtentwasonfire.Frightened,Iranoutofthetentimmediately.ThetentcollapsedwithSteveinside.Withoutanythoughtofendangeringmyself,Ireachedintotheburningtentandpulledhimtotheicylake.Fortunately,wewerenotseriouslyhurt.注意:所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；至少使用5個短文中標(biāo)有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語；續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好；續(xù)寫完成后，請用下劃線標(biāo)出你所使用的關(guān)鍵詞語。Paragraph1:Later,aswestoodbytheburningtenttokeepwarm,weconsideredourdifficultsituation.題目二【答案】Onepossibleversion:Later,aswestoodbytheburningtenttokeepwarm,weconsideredourdifficultsituation.Ourcampsitewasinthedeepoftheforest,reallyfarawayfromthehighway.Wewereinthemiddleofnowhere,wearingonlyunderwear,withoursuppliesburntintoashes,includingourcellphones.EvenStevewasunsurewhattodonext.Theonlythingwecoulddowasjustsittinginthecoldairandwonderinghowtogetoutoftheforest.Suddenly,weheardanoiseintheforest.Anxiouslywelistenedandstaredintothedarkness.Ajeepappeared.Aforesterhadspottedthelightfromthefireandhadcometohaveacheck.IntothewarmvehiclejumpedSteveandsodidI.Thentheforesterdroveustotherangerstation,whereweweregivenclothesandwereabletocallourparents.SteveandIhadmanymorecampingadventuresfromthenon,butitwasonthistripthatStevebegantotreatmemorelikeafriendandequal,ratherthanayoungercousin.Ourfriendshiphascontinuedtothisday.豐富寫作細(xì)節(jié)的技巧手段近幾年隨著高考新寫作概寫和續(xù)寫的引入，書面表達(dá)的開放性也越來越大。如果只是做一些簡單機械的翻譯或者忙亂無章地套用模版，不僅字?jǐn)?shù)可能不夠，而且會讓文章讀起來空洞生硬。因此考生平時在訓(xùn)練書面表達(dá)時，需要積累寫作材料，學(xué)會在邏輯合理的情況下適當(dāng)?shù)爻鋵嵓?xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。一篇優(yōu)秀的書面表達(dá)，不僅要做到把話寫清楚說明白、把意思清晰完整地表達(dá)、注意行文之間的連貫和過渡外，還要用之前章節(jié)所講的內(nèi)容技巧對文章進(jìn)行潤色和加工，這樣就會展現(xiàn)考生良好的遣詞造句的能力。以下是常見的幾種豐富語言細(xì)節(jié)的方法：（一）.追加成分,豐滿文句

要點基礎(chǔ)上是當(dāng)?shù)卦黾雍虾踹壿嫷母郊映煞?，如定語、狀語、非謂語、獨立主格等結(jié)構(gòu)。這些可以幫助考生更清晰、準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)主題。這里列舉例子一二。具體寫作技巧的運用請詳見本專題的前幾期學(xué)案。以下的例子學(xué)生們可以先自己嘗試豐富細(xì)節(jié)，再看參考答案。1.添加修飾例1：Iwilltakepartinsomesocialactivities.—>Ifpossible,IwilltakepartinsomesocialactivitiessothatIcangetmorefamiliarwiththesociety.（添加狀語從句）例2：IsuggestthattheteachershouldchoosemoreEnglishfilms.TAsayoungstudent,IsuggestthattheteachershouldpickoutmoreEnglishfilmsthatappealtousteenagers,thusmakingEnglishlearningmoreamusing.（添加定語從句和非謂語動詞）例3ItsChineseLiteraturemajorisperfectforyou.（2018北京高考書面表達(dá)）TItsChineseLiteraturemajorisperfectforyou,whereyoucanbecompletelysoakedinChineseprofoundhistoryandabundantculture.（添加定語從句）例4：Undoubtedly,it'seasyformetocommunicatewithforeigners.（2018浙江咼考書面表達(dá)）TThereisnodoubtthatthereisnotanyproblemformetocommunicatewithforeigners.（添力口同位語從句）2.變換句式例1：Thequalityoflifehasimprovedandweregardedwatchingfilmsasagoodmeansofentertainment.（2017江辦咼考書面表達(dá)）TThequalityoflifehasimprovedandweregardedwatchingfilmsasagoodmeansofentertainment.（主動變被動）例2：Accordingtotheschool,alargenumberofpaper-cuttingworksbyexpertsthroughoutChinawillbeonshow.（2017全國二卷書面表達(dá)）—TIt'ssaidthatalargenumberofpaper-cuttingworksbyexpertsthroughoutChinawillbeonshow.（it作形式主語）例3:ThemomentwhenIaskedthemtohaveatrythemselvescamenext.（2018北京咼考書面表達(dá)）—TNextcamethemomentwhenIaskedthemtohaveatrythemselves.（倒裝句）例4：I'velearnedhowtobalancestudywithlifewiththehelpofmyteachers.—TIt'swiththehelpofmyteachersthatI'velearnedhowtobalancestudywithlife.（強調(diào)句）（二）.補加語句，充實內(nèi)容根據(jù)行文走向，是當(dāng)?shù)卦黾右恍┡c主題相關(guān)的語句，或由要點衍生的句子，既能起到前引后聯(lián)的作用，又能補充一些相關(guān)信息，幫助內(nèi)容的消化。列舉具體的事例來補充說明例1：Ilikesportsverymuch.tIamkeenonsports,suchasbasketballandfootball.例2：Weteenagersshouldtrytoprotecttheenvironmentandsavetheearth.tWeteenagersshouldtrytoprotecttheenvironmentandsavetheearth.Forexample,wecanuserecyclablebagsinsteadofplasticones,refusedisposableproducts,plantmoretreesandsavewaterandenergy.添加與所給信息相關(guān)的神態(tài)、動作、心理描寫和寫作背景等內(nèi)容例1：Aftersupper,themanwenttohisbedroom.tAfterarichmeal,thefatmanslowlymadehiswaytohisbedroom.（神態(tài)、動作）例2：Iwentswimmingintheriverwestofthevillagenowandthen.tIwentswimmingintheriverwestofthevillagenowandthen.Thewaterintheriverwasverycrystalclear.（背景渲染）例3：Ifoundsomebadbehavior.tIwasquitedisappointedtofindsomedisgustingbehavior.（心理）結(jié)尾發(fā)揮，表達(dá)你的感受、評價、愿望、倡議等。例1：WhileIstoodallthewayhome,IfeltverycontentwithwhatIdid.例2：Frommyperspective,suchactivitiesarenecessaryandrewarding.例3：Additionally,ifshe'dliketolearnChinese,Iwillbemorethandelightedtogiveherassistance.例4：Witheveryone'scontributions,wecanturnourschoolintoacomfor