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九年級(jí)上冊(cè)Unit5Whataretheshirtsmadeof?
語法講解Teaplants____________Tealeaves________________Thentealeaves___________________Thetea____________Finallythetea_________manycountriesandplacesaroundChina.aregrown.arepickedbyhand.aresentforprocessing.ispacked.issenttoHowisteaproduced?被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu):be動(dòng)詞+V過去分詞RevisionPam:Chinaisfamousfortea,right?LiuJun:Yes,bothinthepastandnow.Pam:WhereisteaproducedinChina?LiuJun:Well,inmanydifferentareas.Forexample,AnxiandHangzhouarewidelyknownfortheirtea.Pam:Howisteaproduced?
LiuJun:Well,asfarasIknow,teaplantsaregrownonthesidesofmountains.Whentheleavesareready,theyarepickedbyhandandthenaresentforprocessing.Pam:Whathappensnext?LiuJun:TheteaispackedandsenttomanydifferentcountriesandplacesaroundChina.Pam:ItseemsthatmanypeopleallovertheworlddrinkChinesetea.LiuJun:Yes,peoplesaythatteaisgoodforbothhealthandbusiness!2d被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:am/is/are+及物動(dòng)詞的-ed形式。1.你的襯衫是棉的嗎?____yourshirts_________cotton?2.是的,而且它們產(chǎn)于美國。Yes,theyare.Andtheywere________theUS.3.飛機(jī)模型是由什么制成?______themodelplane______of?4.它是由舊木頭和玻璃制成。It’smadeof_________and______.5.茶產(chǎn)自中國哪里?_________tea_________inChina?
6.茶產(chǎn)自很多不同的地區(qū)。It’sproducedinmany_____________.7.茶是如何制成的?_____istea__________?8.茶樹種植在山坡上。當(dāng)茶葉長(zhǎng)成后,它們被手工采摘下來,然后送去加工。Teaplants__________onthesidesofthemountains.Whentheleavesareready,
they__________byhandandthen_________forprocessing.9.在杭州人們種植茶葉。People_________inHangzhou.Tea_________(bypeople)inHangzhou.
madeinAremadeofWhat’smadeWhereisproduced
usedwoodglassdifferentareasHowproducedaregrownarepickedaresentgrowteaaregrownPracticeFillintheblanksaccordingtogrammarfocus.GrammarFocusReadthesentencesandtranslatethem.英語中有兩種語態(tài),說明主語與謂語動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系,分主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者;被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者.被動(dòng)語態(tài):1.構(gòu)成:be+動(dòng)詞過去分詞(be有各種時(shí)態(tài)的變化)2.被動(dòng)句:
主語+be+動(dòng)詞過去分詞+(by+賓語)。
(如要說明動(dòng)作發(fā)出者就加上by+sb(被某人/由某人)
主動(dòng)句:主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+其他。
被動(dòng)句:主語+be+動(dòng)詞過去分詞+(
by+賓語
)+其他MostpeoplespeakEnglish
intheworld.English
isspoken
bymostpeople
intheworld.口訣:原賓變現(xiàn)主謂語變被動(dòng)加之by引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞過去分詞的變化:1.規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞:1)一般情況在動(dòng)詞原形后加-edwatchwatched2)以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的加-dpracticepracticed3)以輔音加y結(jié)尾的,去y變i加-edstudystudied4)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,先雙寫該輔音字母,再加-edstopstoppeddropdropped英語重讀閉音節(jié)就是閉音節(jié)中為重讀音節(jié)的音節(jié),重讀閉音節(jié)中元音字母不是發(fā)它本身的字母音,而是發(fā)短元音。2.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞:如:am/is/are______was/were_____have/has_____do_____go_______write______eat____leave_____drink______take_____break______speak______steal______see______give______get______bring______know______haddonegonebeenbeenwritteneatenleftdrunktakenbrokenspokenstolenseengivengotten/gotbroughtknown規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。部分不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式也和過去式一樣。主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)解題步驟:1.找賓語即動(dòng)作的承受者2.判斷新主語的單復(fù)數(shù)即be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)3.根據(jù)原動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)即be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)4.修改謂語的時(shí)態(tài)即原句動(dòng)詞改為過去分詞5.原句主語后移變?yōu)閎y+賓格/名詞They
make
shoesinthatfactory.
Shoesareweremadebytheminthatfactory.當(dāng)主語為動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí),謂語的形式為主動(dòng)語態(tài);
當(dāng)主語為動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),謂語要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)定義eg:ManypeoplespeakEnglish.
Englishisspokenbymanypeople.
動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者動(dòng)作的承受者(1)不知道或沒必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。Thesebooksarewrittenforchildren.(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。Calculator
can'tbeusedinthemathexam.計(jì)算器不能用于數(shù)學(xué)考試。(3)作客觀說明時(shí),常采用一種被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。Itis\wassaid\believed\reported+that……用法ItissaidthatthestoryofChang’eisthemosttouching.句型1.肯定句:主語+be+V-ed+(by…)2.否定句:主語+be+not+V-ed+(by…)3.一般疑問句:Be+主語+V-ed+(by…)?
特殊疑問句:疑問詞+be+主語+V-ed+(by…)?構(gòu)成助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞助動(dòng)詞be有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化1.在主動(dòng)語態(tài)句中動(dòng)詞make、have、let、see、watch、
hear、feel等后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,動(dòng)詞不
定式不加to。
但變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)后面的不定式都須加上to。注意例如:(1)Thebossmakesthemworktenhoursaday.
(2)Tomletshislittlesisterwaterflowerseveryday.
→Theyaremadetoworktenhoursaday.→HislittlesisterislettowaterflowerseverydaybyTom.主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng):2.含有雙賓語的句子,主動(dòng)句中的間接賓語或者直接
賓語都可變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)中的一個(gè)主語,另一個(gè)保留不變。變?yōu)橹髡Z的若是主動(dòng)句中的直接賓語在變?yōu)殚g接賓語前則需加介詞to或for。
常用雙賓語的動(dòng)詞:show/give/offer/send/bring/lend/teach/buy例如:Theteachergivesthepupilssomeadvice.直接賓語間接賓語→Thepupilsaregivensomeadvicebytheteacher.→Someadviceisgiventothepupilsbytheteacher.賓變主,主變賓,by短語后面跟。謂語動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng),be后“過分”來使用。4.Mostoftheearth’ssurface__________(cover)bywater.5.Theclassroom___________(clean)bythestudentseveryday.1.Childrenunder18_____________(notallowed)towatchthis
showwithouttheirparents.2.We_______(pay)bythebossonthelastFridayofeachmonth.3.A:Whatlanguage_________(speak)inGermany?B:MostpeoplespeakGerman,butmanycanspeakEnglish,too.arenotallowedarepaidCompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.isspokeniscoverediscleaned4a4bRewritethesentencesusingthepassivevoice.1.Farmersplanttheteaonthesidesofmountains.___________________________________________
Theteaisplantedonthesidesofmountainsbyfarmers.2.Thisshopusesthebestmaterialstomakedresses._________________________________________________________Thebestmaterialsareusedbythisshoptomakedresses.3.Carelessdrivingcausesmanytrafficaccidents.____________________________________________________________4.Thepostmanbringslettersandpostcardstopeople’shome.____________________________________________________________5.Ourfamilydoesnotusethissilverplateveryoften.____________________________________________________________
Manytrafficaccidentsarecausedbycarelessdriving.Lettersandpostcardsarebroughttopeople’shomebythepostman.Thissilverplateisn’tusedveryoftenbyourfamily.n.(尤指有帽舌的)帽子n.(分手指的)手套A:What’syourpencilmadeof?B:It’smadeofwood.A:Wherewasitmade?B:ItwasmadeinShanghai.DearJoe,Chinaisthehomelandoftea.TherearemanykindsofteainChina.Forexample,LongjingteaandTieGuanyin_________(love)bymanypeople.
AsfarasIknow,farmers___________
(grow)teaplantsonthesidesofthemountains.Whentheleavesareready,they______________________________________________(被手工采摘并送去加工).Afterthat,theworkers______________________________________
_________________________________(包裝好并送往不同的地區(qū)).
(moreinformation)__________________________________________________________________________________________________Ihopethise-mailcanhelpyou.Yours,JoyCompletethee-mailExercise.Howdoyouusepassivevoice?特殊情況No1.不及物動(dòng)詞帶介詞和介詞賓語時(shí),在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),仍然要帶上介詞。
Shelistenedtothemusic.Themusicwaslistenedtobyher.Mikelooksafterthegirl.ThegirlislookedafterbyMike.拓展一:特殊情況特殊情況NO2.
句子謂語是雙賓語及物動(dòng)詞,將間接賓語或?qū)⒅苯淤e語轉(zhuǎn)化為句子主語均可。Theygavethechildrenmanygoodbooks.Thechildren
weregivenmanygoodbooksbythem.Manygoodbooks
weregiventothechildrenbythem.間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化為主語人:間接賓語物:直接賓語
直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化為主語
Tip:
1.有些及物動(dòng)詞,如give,send,take,bring,tell,show等,直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化為主語時(shí),被保留的間接賓語前通常加to.
2.有些及物動(dòng)詞,如buy,make,find,get,draw等,直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時(shí),被保留的間接賓語前通常加for.使役動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài):特殊情況No3.
當(dāng)動(dòng)詞帶有復(fù)合賓語(有賓補(bǔ)),并且賓補(bǔ)是省去to的動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí),在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中應(yīng)加上to
Mikemakesuscookthefoodeveryday.Wearemade
tocookthefoodeveryday.makesbdobemadetodoletsbdobelettodohavesbdobehadtodo特殊情況No4.
主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語是句子(賓語從句),變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)通常用it作形式主語,真正主語放在后面。
Iknowthattheearthisround.Itisknownthattheearthisround.TheysaythatMikealwayscooksthemeals.ItissaidthatMikealwayscooksthemeals.Task31.Thegirl________goodcare________byherfather.2.Theteacher_________bythestudents.A.takes;ofB.wastaken;forC.istaken;ofD.wastaken;toA.waslistenB.waslistenedtoC.listenedtoD.waslisteningto3.Thegiftwas_________theprettygirl.A.boughtforB.boughtC.boughttoD.showed4.Thepicturewas_________theoldman.A.showedforB.showedtoC.showing選擇正確的答案D.showedTask35.It_________thatHelenisfamousinthecity.6.Helenwasseen_________thebookaway.A.knowsB.isknownC.knownD.knewA.takeB.totakeC.tookD.wastaking7.Thecakewas_________hismother.A.makingB.madetoC.madeforD.madeof8.Thebook_________yesterdayisinteresting.A.wasboughtB.boughtC.boughtto選擇正確的答案D.buys主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義Thematerialfeelsverysoft.這種材料感覺很柔軟。Yourideasoundsgreat.你的主意聽起來很棒。Thefoodsmellsgood.這個(gè)食物聞起來不錯(cuò)。Heseemshappy.他看起來很開心。1.系表結(jié)構(gòu),如look,feel,smell,taste,sound,prove,appear,seem拓展一:主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義Thepenwriteswell.這支筆很好寫。Thebookssellwell.這些書賣的很好。2.主語是物,謂語是表示主語特征或?qū)傩缘牟患拔飫?dòng)詞。如:wash/write/sell/lock/shut/open/move/cut等,特別是后面加副詞well/quickly.Thedoorwon'tshut.這門關(guān)不上。3.某些表示“發(fā)生”(happen,takeplace),“爆發(fā)”(breakout,burstout),“傳播”(spread)等不及物動(dòng)詞。Thenewsspreadquickly.這個(gè)消息傳播地很快。Thewarbrokeoutin1941.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)在1941年爆發(fā)了。主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義4.表示“需要”的動(dòng)詞之后,動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Thebikeneedsrepairing.這輛自行車需要修理。=Thebikeneedstoberepaired.need/want/requiredoing=need/want/requiretobedone5.worth+doing的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Thebookisisworthreading.這本書值得一看。Themanisnotworthhelping.這個(gè)人不值得幫助。Task51.Thepen___________(write)well.2.Thedoorwon't__________(shut).3.Greatchanges_____________(takeplace)inthistownin1988.4.Thisbookisworth_____________(read).5.Thiscarneeds_____________(wash).6.Thisapple_____________(taste)sweet.7.Thesofa_____________(feel)soft.缺詞填空writesshuttookplacereadingwashingtobewashedtastesfeels1.Itissaidthattwo______andthree_____aregoingtovisitourschoolnextweek.A.German;JapaneseB.Germany;JapanC.Germanys;JapansD.Germans;Japanese2.Drivingafterdrinkingwine______inChina.A.allows B.doesn’tallowC.isallowed D.isn’tallowed3.Thegirlisoften_____bythenaughtyboy.A.madecryB.maketocryC.madetocryD.makecrying4.Thispairofshoes_____hand,andit_____verycomfortable.A.ismadewith;isfeltB.aremadefrom;isfeltC.aremadeof;feelsD.ismadeby;feelsDDCD1.Ifthesciencefiction_______intoEnglish,itwillbepopulararoundtheworld.(2021遼寧盤錦)
A.translates B.istranslated
C.translated D.wastranslated2.Wecanleavetwohoursearlierifthework________.(2021遼寧鐵嶺、葫蘆島)A.completesB.completedC.iscompletedD.wascompletedBC3.Allcustomers_______totaketheirtemperatureswhentheyenterthesupermarket.(2021廣西河池)A.isaskedB.wasaskedC.areaskedD.wereasked4.Thesegreatbooks_______bypeopleallovertheworldtoday.(2021廣西桂林)A.wereread B.read C.areread5.InourEnglishclass,manychances_______tostudentstoshowthemselves.(2021廣西梧州)A.offerB.areoffered
C.offeredD.areofferingCCB6.—HowlongmayI______yourmagazine?—Foroneweek.Butitmustn’t______toothers.(2021湖北黃石)A.borrow;lend B.keep;belent C.lend;beborrowed D.have;lend7.Today,manywinterOlympicsports________evenbychildren.(2021北京)A.enjoyed B.enjoy
C.wereenjoyed D.areenjoyedBDⅠ.根據(jù)語境及括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞語的提示填空。1.Cars_____________(drive)ontheleftsideoftheroadinBritain.2.Sugar_____________(add)toteatomakeitsweeter.3.Inthiscountrytea______________(notdrink)withmilk.4.We______________(notallow)towalkonthegrass.aredrivenisaddedisn’tdrunkaren’tallowed5.—Whatlanguage________________(speak)inGermany?—GermanandEnglish.6.They_______________(notmake)thiskindofcarin
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