高考英語語法專項講義：名詞性從句難點精講

高考英語語法專項講義：名詞性從句難點精講簡明概述：名詞性從句在句中相當于名詞詞組/成分。由于它在復合句中能作主語、賓語、表語、同位語等，因此名詞性從句（總稱）又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句等。引導名詞性從句的連接詞重點概括如下：1.連接詞：that,whether,if（只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不作任何成分）注：that-從句作主語時，常用it作先行詞放在句首作為形式主語，而將that-從句放在句末，避免頭重腳輕。1.Itisnecessary(a.)that

…2.Itisknown-ed分詞that

…3.Itisapity(n.)that

…4.Itseems(vi.)that

…2.連接代詞：what(whatever),who(whoever),whom,whose,which(whichever)3.連接副詞：when,where,why,how注：連接代詞和連接副詞作主語時，也常用it作先行詞放在句首作為形式主語。例句：It

isdoubtful

why

hisparentsaredeterminedso

persistently

tosendtheyoungboyabroadforfurtherstudy.It

hasnotbeendecidedyet

who

willtaketheresponsibilitytonegotiatewiththegovernment.注（1）：引導主語從句的連接詞不可省略例句：That

thecandidatewasselectedasthePartyChairmanmadeusexcited.注（2）：引導同位語從句的連接詞不可省略例句：Weworriedabout

theforecast

that

therewouldbeonlyafewaffordableapartmentspreparedfor

blue-collarworkers

intier-onecities（一線城市）inthefollowingthreeyears.注（3）：表示“是否”的時候，只用whether不用if的情況1.

后有“ornot”例句：Itisunknowntoall

whether

thenewpolicycanimprovethestandardofpeople’slives

ornot.2.引導表語從句例句：Thekeynoteis

whether

children’ssafetycanbeguaranteed.3.引導主語從句并在句首例句：Whether

theexperimentcouldbeconducted(ornot)remainedunknowntothestudents.4.

作介詞賓語例句：Thechild

is

fearfulof

whether

anotherwarwillbreakoutatanymoment.六、倒裝簡明概述：倒裝句由全部倒裝和部分倒裝組成。全部倒裝是把句中的謂語部分全部挪到主語前面，時態(tài)通常是一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時；部分倒裝則是將謂語的一部分，如助動詞或情態(tài)動詞倒裝于主語之前。如果謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，則需要我們幫助補充助動詞，如do，does，did，并將它們放在主語的前面。全部倒裝（時態(tài)通常是一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時）：A.句中如有副詞here,there,now,then,away,hence,thus,etc.位于句首，謂語動詞為come,go,be,stand,fall,lie,etc.典型例句：Away

ranthechild.There

livesatiger.Here

isyourmoney.B.表示方位/運動方向的副詞（如in,out,away,off,up,down,etc.）位于句首，謂語表示運動的動詞（如come,go,jump,run,swim,stand,rush,etc.）。例句：Away

swamawhale.C.

地點狀語位于句首例句：Underthetree

restedanoldlady.D.

Therebe

…

句型例句：Thereis（注意主謂一致）aradio,two

television

sets

and

tenchairsinthisroom.There

are

manyTVprogramsinprimetime（黃金時間段）.注：全部倒裝只有在主語是名詞的前提下才能全部倒裝，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能全部倒裝。對比例句：Away

ranthechild.

Away

he

ran.There

livesatiger.

There

it

lives.部分倒裝：A.

句首有否定或半否定的詞語（注：如果否定詞不在句首，則不需要倒裝），Eg:

No,Not,None,Nobody,Nowhere,Never,Little,Few,Seldom,Hardly,Atnotime,Innoway,Notuntil…,Notonly…butalso…,Hardly…when…,Scarcely…when…,No

sooner…than…,etc.例句：Nowhere

canyoufindaplacebetterthanyourhome.Innoway

could

youdestroythe

incontrovertible

evidence.Atnotime

canacountryuseforcetowardsavulnerablegroup.Never

have

I

scoldedmychildevenifhehasmadeanymistakes.重點：Notuntil…總結：主句倒裝，從句不倒裝；否定詞不在句首不需倒裝例句對比：Notuntil

thattime（名詞短語）did

I

knowwhyshechosetoleavemewithoutanyhesitation.=

I

didn’t

knowwhyshechosetoleavemewithoutanyhesitation

until

thattime.Notuntil

thechild

madeafullrecoveryfromthe

heart

operation（從句）didhisfathergoabroadonbusiness.=Thefather

didn’t

goabroadonbusiness

until

thechildmadeafullrecoveryfromtheheartoperation.重點：Notonly…

butalso…1.NotonlyAbutalsoB，若A和B是名詞性短語，則不需要倒裝例句：Notonly

students

butalso

teachers

shouldkeepstudyingcontinuously

and

absorbnewknowledgeto

broaden

theirminds.2.NotonlyAbutalsoB，若A和B都是分句的話，則A倒裝，B不倒裝。對比例句：Notonly

shouldwereconstructeconomy,

butalso

createmorepositionsfortheunemployed.Weshould

notonly

reconstructeconomy,

butalso

createmorepositionsfortheunemployed.重點：Hardly…when…;Scarcely…when…;Nosooner…than…對比例句（注意時態(tài)：前過完后過去時）：Hardly

hadI

lefthome

when

mydogbarked.Ihad

hardly

lefthome

when

mydogbarked.Scarcely

hadwegone

out

oftheclassroom

when

itbegantorain.Wehad

scarcely

goneoutoftheclassroom

when

itbegantorain.Nosooner

hadtheChairman

declaredtheresultofthe

contest

than

the

contestant

shiveredwithexcitement.TheChairmanhad

nosooner

declaredtheresultofthecontest

than

the

contestant

shiveredwithexcitement.B.Only位于句首要部分倒裝1.Only

bythismeans/inthisway（短語）canyounoticetheimportanceofefficientstudymethods.2.Only

aftermakingthesamemistaketwice（從句）willhelearnalesson.（主句部分倒裝，從句不倒裝）C.

So…that…句型中若so位于句首，則需要部分倒裝例句：So

angrywastheboy

that

hedecidedtobreakofffri