初中英語非謂語動詞講解

非謂語動詞之“動詞不定式”詳解非強鮑詞就是不充當(dāng)謂語的動詞，分兩種。一是動詞不定式。二是動詞ing形式。一、動詞不定式1)作主語TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.或ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.［說明］動詞不定式作主語時，往往用it作形式主語，這種句型可歸納為下面的句型：e.g.Itis+adj.+動詞不定式如果要說明不定式表示的動作執(zhí)行者，可以用for+sb.e.g.Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.2)作表語(表語用來說明主語的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的，表語常由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞的-ing形式、不定式、從句來充當(dāng)，它常位于系動詞(be,become,appear,seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等詞)之后。)e.g.Mywishistobecomeateacher.3)作賓語或者賓語補足語e.g.Mostofusliketowatchfootballmatches.e.g.Hetoldmetobehereontime.4)作定語：e.g.Ihavenothingtosayaboutthatthing.5)作狀語：e.g.Hestoppedtohavealook.［說明］動詞不定式的否定形式：not+to+動詞原形構(gòu)成e.g.Heaskedmenottomakesuchamistake.2、動詞不定式與疑問詞連用：疑問詞who,what,which和疑問副詞when,where,how,why等后面可以按動詞不定式，構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語。e.g.(1)Hedoesn,tknowhowtousethemachine.Howtousethemachineisaquestion.Thequestioniswhentogothere.3、省去了to的動詞不定式1)let,have,make+do2)感官動詞see,watch,lookat,notice,hear,listento,smell,feel,find+to注意：在被動語態(tài)中則to不能省掉。e.g.Isawhimdance.=Hewasseentodance.e.g.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=TheyweremadeIoworkthewholenight.3)wouldrather，hadbetter+do4、動詞不定式的特殊句型：1)too…to…+todo： e.g.Heistooexcitedtospeak.2)enoughtodo： e.g.Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschool.3)Whynot+do e.g.Whynottakeaholiday?4)soas(not)todo:表示目的e.g.Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.5、不定式的難點：1)用作介詞的“to”：比如說lookforwardto;payattentionto;devoteoneselftobe/getusedto后面都是+doing的！2)It'sforsb.和It'sofsb.的區(qū)別二、動詞ing形式：動詞ing形式分為兩種，一是動名詞，二是現(xiàn)在分詞.動詞的-ing形式用作動名詞：動名詞是動詞的一種非謂語形式，由動詞原形加ing構(gòu)成，它在句中起名詞的作用，可以在句子中用作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補語、狀語和定語。1）動名詞作主語：e.g.Walkingisgoodexercise.走路是很好的運動2）動名詞作表語 e.g.Myfavoritesportisswimming.我最喜歡的運動是游泳。3）動名詞作賓語：e.g.Jimdislikeseatingchocolate.吉姆不喜歡吃巧克力。e.g.Shecan’thelpcryingatasadmovie.她看了憂傷的電影禁不住要哭。［說明］有些動詞和動詞短語只能接動名詞。e.g.admit,finish,forgive,giveup,mind,practise,begoodat,dowellin,can'thelp,keepon,feellike,beusedto,lookforwardto,preferto。6）動名詞作定語：動名詞可以單獨作定語，就像形容詞一樣。e.g.asmilingface笑臉swimmingpool游泳池dining-car餐車.動詞的-ing形式用作現(xiàn)在分詞：-ing分詞通常用作賓語補足語，表示動作正在發(fā)生或者正在進行。這種用法通常用在下列動詞中：see,hear,find,smell,watch,find,listento,lookat,notice,observee.g.1）TherewefoundhimwatchingTV.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他在那兒看電視。2）Iheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.我聽見有人在敲門。3.動詞ing形式和動名詞之間的比較：下面這些動詞，后面接不定式或動名詞意思都是一樣的：begintodobegindoingcontinuetodocontinuedoingstarttodostartdoing下面這些動詞，后面接不定式或動名詞意思是不一樣的:stoptodostopdoingforgettodoforgetdoingremembertodorememberdoingtrytodotrydoinggoontodogoondoingbeafraidtodobeafraiddoing【專練】1.Don'tforget theletter.A.tosendB.sendC.sendingD.beingsent2.Thechairlooksveryold,butinfactitisverycomfortableto.A.sitB.sitonC.besatD.besaton3.Is necessarytoreturnthebooktomorrow?A.thisB.thatC.itD.which4.I'mafraidtheywouldnotallowhim_ here.A.tosmokeB.smokingC.smokesD.smoke5.MothertoldmethewaterbeforeIdrankit.A.boilingB.boiledC.boilD.toboil2

6.Onmywayhome,Istopped somefood.A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.bought7.LiYangadvisedme_ toomuch,otherwiseIwouldhavebeendrunk.A.nottodrinkB.todrinkC.notdrinkingD.drinking8.He twomillionyuan avaseattheauction.A.spent,buyB.cost,buyingC.paid,buyD.spent,buying9.ThefirstthingIwanttodois .A.visittohimB.tovisithimC.visitinghimD.visitedhim10.Johnwasmade thecarforaweekasapunishment.A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing11. isonething, isquiteanother.A.Tosay,todoB.Say,doC.Said,didD.Tosay,do12.I/lltry thesamemistakesagain.A.tonotmakeB.notmakeC.nottomakeD.notmaking13.It,stoohard itbyhimself.A.nottodoB.todoC.thatIdoD.doingIt,stimeforsports.Let,sbowling,shallwe?A.go B.togo C.going D.goes‘Mr.Zhou,you,dbettertoomuchsugar.Youarealreadyoverweight,,saidthedoctor.A.nottoeat B.toeat C.noteat D.eatIfyoukeep(fight)withhim,youmayhurtyourself.Thestudentsarebusy(prepare)forthecomingexam.Hisdutyis(save)thesickpeople.Ihavenothing(send)you.Theyweremade(work)tenhoursaday.Nooneknowswhat(do)next.【提高題】I.選擇題。1.Thedoctorcameoureyes.A.toexamine B.forexamining C.astoexamineD.examining2.Ourteacheralwaysmakesus hard.A.towork B.work C.workingD.worked3. ourclassroomonceaweekisnecessary.A.Cleaning B.Clean CleanedD.Tocleanisourduty goodservicetocustomersA.That,togive B.This,giving C.It,togiveD.It,giving5.Ittookyears thehighrise.A.forourbuildingB.forusinbuilding C.tobuildD.building6.Theirwishis ahouseoftheirown.A.tohave B.forhaving C.haveD.ofhaving7.Theteacheragreed us thetestpapershome.A.tolet,take B.tolet,totake C.letting,takeD.let,take3

WhenhesawIwasinahurry,heofferedmehisbicycle.A.lending B.lent C.tolend D.inlendingIdon'tlikepeopleabouttheirneighbours.A.hear,talking B.tohear,talking C.tohear,totalkD.hearing,talkedIhaven'tdecidedA.totakewhichtrain B.whichtotakeatrainC.whichtraintotake D.whichtraintakenYoumustremembermeaphonecallassoonasyougetthere.A.giving B.togive C.gave D.giveProfessorBrowntaughthisstudentsEnglish,andhelearnedChinesefromthem.A.howtospeak,speaking B.howtospeak,tospeakC.howspeaking,speaking D.howspeak,tospeak—Sorry,Iforgotyouthatthepartywouldn'tbeheldtonight.——That'sallright.Maryhastoldmeaboutit.A.telling B.Itold C.told D.totellIwonderhimornot.A.ifinvite B.whethertoinvite Ctoinvite D.iftoinviteIhopeyourself.A.youtomanage B.foryoutomanageC.youmanaging D.thatyoucanmanage—Wouldyoulikeyouthewaythere?——It'skindofyou.Thankyou.A.meshowing B.thatIshow C.meshow D.metoshowTheoldmansaidthathe'dpreferaloneinthecountryratherthanlivewithhissoninthecity.A.living B.tolive C.thathelivesD.forhimtoliveIknowAliceverywell.Ihaveseenherupfromchildhood.D.togrowD.whatshetodoD.togrowD.whatshetodoSincenobodytoldher,shecametoourhelp.A.whatshedid B.todowhat C.whattodoMyauntshowedmeB.howadressbemadeD.howadressmadeB.howadressbemadeD.howadressmadeC.howmakingadressAftershefinishedtheexercisesinthetextbook,shetriedmoreexercises.A.tofind,todoB.finding,todoC.tofind,shedid D.finding,doneThepolicemantoldSmithafterdrinking.A.tonotdrive B.notdriving C.notdrive D.nottodriveTomkeptquietabouthismistakelosehisjob.A.sonotasto B.soasnotto C.soastonot D.notsoastoPatshouldlovelittleJimtothetheatrethisevening.A.totake B.taking C.thathewouldtakeD.forhimtotakeWeenjoy_verymuch,becauseitisgoodforourhealth.A.runB.runningC.torunD.ranA.runB.runningC.torunD.ran—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.—Oh,Iforgotturnitofftoturnitoff27.Theywereverytiredandstopped.A.restingtorestthatIturneditoffunderabigtree.C.rest—Oh,Iforgotturnitofftoturnitoff27.Theywereverytiredandstopped.A.restingtorestthatIturneditoffunderabigtree.C.restthatIshouldturnitoffD.thattheywouldrest—Wouldyoumindmetheanswertotheproblem?—Notatall.A.thatyoutellmeHepromisedA.metogetFathertoldtheboythathegaveB.tellingC.totelladoctorformyson.thathegotmeC.megettingthedogafewbonesafterdinner.togiveC.giving—Notatall.A.thatyoutellmeHepromisedA.metogetFathertoldtheboythathegaveB.tellingC.totelladoctorformyson.thathegotmeC.megettingthedogafewbonesafterdinner.togiveC.givingD.iftellingD.methathegotD.gave.31. A.Forgettingthatmoneyforhiseducation,hisparentsworkedhardevenaftertheirday'swork.B.GetSoastogetInordertogetIthinkyouareA.enougholdtocookIthinkyouareA.enougholdtocookC.oldenoughforcooking33.ThemathsproblemisA.so,astoworkoutC.too,toworkoutD.comeD.youtellD.ofwalkingD.of,saidD.solvingD.totellnotmealsyourself.B.oldenoughtocookD.enougholdcookingdifficult.B.very,toworkoutD.quite,workedoutLastnightIwassotiredthatIfellasleepsoon.Ididn'thearhimin.A.coming B.came C.tocomeHaveyouanythingimportantus?A.totell B.telling C.toldus—DoyouknowaboutCaptainEdMitchell?202—Yes.Hewasthesixthmanonthemoon.A.walking B.walked C.towalkItisniceherso.A.for,tosay B.for,saying C.of,tosayIsn'titanicewaythehardproblem?A.tosolve B.insolving C.solveYou'dbetterheraboutherownhealthnow.A.nottotell B.nottell C.tonottellWhatacoincidence!Dr.BrownhappenedthedoctorIwaslookingfor.A.hewas B.being C.tobe D.tobeingII.填空題。Factoriesdonotletoutdirtywater（為了不污染河流）.Herjobis.（照顧醫(yī)院里患病的孩子）Inthesupermarketthecollegestudentslearned.如何為顧客服務(wù)）ThereweresomanytoysthatJudydidn'tknow.（挑選哪一個）.Theonlytroubleis.（如何保護這些電腦）Hewillsavemoney.為了支付將來的大學(xué)費用）Thenurse.（不允許孩子們玩火柴）Thismedicinew川.（幫你入睡）Theywillbesent（到非洲當(dāng)醫(yī)療隊員）.Theboyaskedhisteacher.讓他自己修理冰箱）Thequestionis.（是否讓孩子們自己解決這個問題）.Thistelephoneis.（足夠小可以放進口袋）Thisbookwilltellyou.（如何使這臺電腦儲存信息）I.（沒有回答試卷上的最后一個問題）Itisnoteasy.（一個人戒煙）Youcantakeataxithere.而不是步行去）Theundergroundtrainis.（足夠快可在20分鐘內(nèi)從我們學(xué)校行駛到體育場）.Thelecturehallis.（太小容納不下500個學(xué)生）Juliahurriedtoschool.沒有吃早餐）.Itoldthestudents.（不要將罐頭和飲料瓶扔進河里）Thomas.（有許多問題要問老師）Doyouknowthesaying“.” （活至U老學(xué)至U老）Jacksaw.（牛跑回來）Athensranalltheway（把好消息告訴他的人民）.Hewasthefirstman.騎騎自行車做環(huán)球旅行）Theyenjoy.爬山和野營）Assoonastheteacherentered,heasked我們停止講話）.（在一個半小時內(nèi)做完這份試卷）isalmostimpossible.Wewerehappy.看至U他們回至U營地）Wouldyoumind.?（我在你辦公室打電話）答案..I.1.A2.B3.D4.C5.C6.A7.A8.C9.BC11.B12.B13.D14.B15.D16.D17.B18.A19.C20.A21.A22.D23.B24.A25.B26.B27.B28.B29.A30.B31.DB33.C34.D35.A36.C37.C38.A39.B4