初中英語復(fù)合句中考專項(xiàng)講解與練習(xí)

初中英語復(fù)合句中考專

項(xiàng)講解與練習(xí)一、賓語從句在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫賓語從句，中考主要考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)有三個(gè)：引導(dǎo)詞、語序和時(shí)態(tài)1、賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有三種：1）that；2）whether/if；3）特殊疑問詞What/when/where/who等。Hesaidthathecouldhelpme.Yourmotheraskedifyoucouldfinishyourworkthisweek.Canyoutellmewhenthesportsmeetingwillbegin（1）that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句：that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句一般都是由陳述句充當(dāng)，引導(dǎo)詞that沒有實(shí)際意義，不在從句中作任何成分，that可以省略，而且從句成分齊全，句意完整。Hesaid（that）hecouldcomeontime.他說他會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)來的。（2）whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句：從屬連詞if,whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉(zhuǎn)化而來的，變成從句后，語序由原來的倒裝語序變成陳述語序。Letusknowwhether/ifyoucanfinishtheworkbeforeFriday.Idon'tcarewhetheryoulikethestoryornot.注意：以下情況一般只用whether不用if。①接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。Shedoesn’tknowwhethertogotothezoo.她不知道是不是去動(dòng)物園。②與ornot連用時(shí)。I'mnotsurewhetherornothewillcomeontime.他能否準(zhǔn)時(shí)來，我說不準(zhǔn)。（3）疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句：此類賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，變成賓語從句后要用陳述語序，由wh-開頭的疑問詞引導(dǎo)。wh-詞包括who,whom,whose,what,which等連接代詞和where,when,how,why等連接副詞，這些引導(dǎo)詞有各自的意思，在從句中要作相應(yīng)的成分，不能省略。例如：CouldyoutellmewhichgatewehavetogotoHedidn'ttellmehowlonghewouldstayhere.2、賓語從句的三個(gè)注意事項(xiàng)1）語序：賓語從句要用陳述語序，原來的倒裝語序改成陳述語序時(shí)注意相應(yīng)的助動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞的變化等。把這兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合成一個(gè)復(fù)合句：WheredoesyourfatherworkCanyoutellusfDidyougethomeverylateHeaskedme.f2）時(shí)態(tài)：如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況用各種時(shí)態(tài)。Myteachersayshewillbebackinaweek.Myteachersayshehasseenthemovie.如果主句是一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)。MyfathersaidhewaswatchingTVatthattime.Myfathersaidthehehadalreadyseenthemovie.如果賓語從句是表示客觀真理和規(guī)律的句子時(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Ourteachertoldusthesunismuchbiggerthantheearth.我們的老師告訴我們太陽比地球大多了。3）否定轉(zhuǎn)移：主句的主語如果是第一人稱，從句的否定要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，其反意疑問句與從句一致。例如：Idon'tthinkthey'llwaittothelastminute.Idon'tbelievehedidthis,didhe二、定語從句用作定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般放在它所修飾名詞或代詞的后面，這個(gè)名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的連接詞稱為關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞在從句中代表先行詞可以作主語、賓語、定語等。關(guān)系副詞代表先行詞在從句中可以作狀語。關(guān)系詞詞形所修飾的先行詞在從句中所作的成分關(guān)系代詞who人主語、賓語、表語whom人賓語which物主語、賓語、表語that人、物主語、賓語、表語whose人、物定語關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間名詞時(shí)間狀語where地點(diǎn)名詞地點(diǎn)狀語why原因名詞原因狀語.選出正確的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞的關(guān)鍵：①看所修飾的是人還是物；②看它所代表的先行詞在定語從句中做什么成分。例如：Doyouknowthemanwho/thatsellseggstome（先行詞是“theman”，在從句中作主語，用who/that）Yourfatherwasnotonthetrainthat/whicharrivedjustnow.（先行詞是物，用which/that，在從句中作主語）Thisisthebook（which/that）youwanted.（先行詞是物，用which/that，在從句中作賓語，可省）Doyouknowtheboywhosefatherisadoctor（先行詞是人，whose代表“男孩的”，在從句中作定語）Youcangohomewhereyoucanhavearest.（先行詞是地點(diǎn)，where相當(dāng)于athome，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語）Doyouremembertheyearwhenwewerehungryeveryday（先行詞是時(shí)間，when相當(dāng)于intheyear，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語）Doyouknowthereasonwhyshedidn'tcometoourparty（先行詞是原因，why相當(dāng)于forthereason，在從句中作原因狀語）.引導(dǎo)詞作賓語時(shí)可以省略。例如：Haveyouseenthebook（that）Igaveyouyesterday.引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作主語，不能省略。例如:Doyouknowthemanwhoisspeakingtoyourfather?三、狀語從句用作狀語的句子叫狀語從句。引導(dǎo)狀語從句的連接詞是從屬連詞。狀語從句可以在句首，也可以在句尾，根據(jù)其用途可分為：時(shí)間狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句、原因狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、目的狀語從句、條件狀語從句，比較狀語從句等。.時(shí)間狀語從句：時(shí)間狀語從句表示時(shí)間，常用連接詞有：when（當(dāng)……時(shí)），while（當(dāng) 時(shí)），as（當(dāng) 時(shí)），before（在 之前），after（在 之后），since（自從），until（直到），assoonas（一 就），once（一旦……就）等。例如：Ididn'tgotobeduntilIfinishedmyhomework.IcanlistentotheradiowhileIwork.注意：①時(shí)間狀語從句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。Iwilltelephoneyouwhenhecomes.I'llstayhereuntilyoucomeback.②when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或先后發(fā)生，從句的謂語可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可以是瞬間動(dòng)詞。例如：HewasworkingwhenIwentin.Whensheheardthenews,shebegantocry.while引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，意思是“在?…期間“。Theyrushedinwhileweweresinging.我們唱歌時(shí)，他們沖進(jìn)來。as引導(dǎo)狀語從句，強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)發(fā)生，不分先后。可以譯成“隨著”或“一邊…一邊”。Johnsingsashewalkshome.③while還可以表示兩者之間的對(duì)比關(guān)系。Ilikeplayingfootball,whileTomlikeslisteningtomusic.④since引導(dǎo)狀語從句，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句常用一般過去時(shí)。WehavebeenfriendssincewemetinBeijing.Ithasbeensixyearssincesheleftschool..地點(diǎn)狀語從句：地點(diǎn)狀語從句表示地點(diǎn)。其連接詞有where（哪里），wherever（無論哪里）等。Putitwhereyoufindit.Youcansitwhereveryoulike..原因狀語從句：原因狀語從句表示原因或者理由。其連接詞有：because（因?yàn)椋琣s（因?yàn)椋?，since（既然）等。Iofteneatcarrotsbecausetheyaregoodformyhealth.AsIdon'tknowtheway,Ihadtoaskthepoliceman.注意：①because表示因果關(guān)系語氣最強(qiáng)，常用來回答why提出的問題。Ididn’ttellthembecausetheyweretooyoung.②because和so不能同在一個(gè)句子里。Becausethebookwasexpensive,Ididn'tbuyit.（I前不用so）.結(jié)果狀語從句：表示結(jié)果。其連接詞有：so???that…（如此……以致 ），sothat（結(jié)果），such…that…（如此 以致 ）等。It'ssuchagoodchancethatyoucan'tmissit.注意：so…that和such…that都可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，注意so和such后面所接的詞不同。such...thatsuch+a（an）+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句such+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+that從句Hewassuchanhonestmanthathewaspraisedbytheteacher.TheyaresuchinterestingnovelsthatIwanttoreadthemonceagain.但是如果名詞前由many、much、few、little（少）等詞修飾，則用so。例如：Hehadsomanyfallsthathewasblackandblueallover.so...thatso+形容詞/副詞.+that從句so+形容詞+a（an）+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句Herunssofastthatnobodycancatchupwithhim.Dr.Wangissogoodthateverybodylovesandrespectshim.=Heissogoodadoctorthateverybodylovesandrespectshim.=Heissuchagooddoctorthateverybodylovesandrespectshim.）.目的狀語從句：表示目的。其連接詞有：so（以便），sothat（為了），inorderthat（為了）等，從句中多用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,will,may,should等。Hegotupveryearlysothathecouldcatchthefirsttrain..條件狀語從句：條件狀語從句表示條件。其連接詞有：if（如果），unless（如果不，除非），aslongas（只要）等。Ifitisfinetomorrow,wewillgoswimming.如果明天天氣好的話我們?nèi)ビ斡尽Ｗ⒁猓孩贄l件狀語從句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。Unlessitrains,thegamewillbeplayed.如果不下雨，比賽就將進(jìn)行。②unless意思相當(dāng)于if…not…。7.讓步狀語從句：常由though/although（雖然），evenif/though（即使）等引導(dǎo)。Thoughit'shardwork,Ienjoyit.突飛猛進(jìn)一過手訓(xùn)練 1.Idon’tknowifyoucometomypartytomorrow.

（解析）本題是考查賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)用法，從句子的意思理解是if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，要用一般將來時(shí)，此題誤用作狀語從句了。所以應(yīng)把come改為will/cancome。CanyoutellmewheredoeshestudyEnglish？（解析）本題是考查賓語從句的語序的用法，特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句用陳述語序，所以把助動(dòng)詞does去掉，而且因?yàn)閺木渲髡Z是he，還要把study變成studies。Myteachertoldmethatlighttraveledfasterthanthesound.（解析）本題是考查賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)用法。賓語從句是表示客觀真理（即光速比聲速快），所以賓語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的影響。所以要把traveled改為travels。Theyarethepeopleandbookswhoyouwanttolearn.（解析）本題是考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用法，定語從句的先行詞既有人和也有物，所以引導(dǎo)詞要用人和物共用的that，不能用who或者which。所以要把who改為that。Hegottoschoolearlyifhecouldcleantheclassroom.（解析）本題是考查表示目的的狀語從句的連接詞的用法。if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，而此句應(yīng)該用連接詞sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。所以把if改為sothat。T-shirtissocool.youtellmeCouldthat。T-shirtissocool.youtellmeCouldwhereyoubuyitwheredoyoubuyit

whereyoubuyitwheredoyoubuyitC.whereyouboughtit D.wheredidyoubuyitIcan'tforgetthetimetheearthquakehappenedinYushu.A.when B.whichC.that D.whereIfthechild,pleasetelephonethepolice.A.foundB.isfound C.wasfound D.hasfoundIhurriedIwouldn'tbelateforclass.A.soB.sothatC.ifD.unlessThisismybeautifulschoolisnearthefamouslibrary.A.whereB.whichC.who D.whenFriendsarethosemakeyousmile，alwaysopentheirheartstoyouandencourageyoutosucceed.A.whichB.whatC.whom D.who—Doesanyoneknow—IhearthathewasborninSweden.A.whatheis B.whenhewasbornC.wherehecomesfromD.whichcountryishefromIdon'tknowifJack.Ifhe,callme,please.A.willcome;willcomes B.comes;comeC.comes;willcome D.willcome;comesTheTVplayisaboutatruestoryhappenedinMianyangin1998.A.itB.whatC.thatD.whenA.itB.whatC.thatD.whensaidthatshetoGuangzhou.A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeenWeTVwhenthetelephone.A.watched,wasringingB.werewatching,rangC.werewatching,rings D.arewatching,rangDoyoulikemusicmakesyourelaxedA.it B.what C.who D.that—DoyouknowtheMP4yesterday—Sorry.I,venoideaaboutit.A.howmuchdidhepayfor B.howmuchhepaidforC.hepaidforhowmuch D.hepaidhowmuchforIsthatthemanhelpedusalotaftertheearthquakeA.whereB.which C.when D.whoHemetmanyproblemshewasgoingoverhislessons.A.before B.assoonasC.since D.whileIdon,tknowthedayaftertomorrow.A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeifhecomes D.whetherhe,llcome17.wellyoudrive,youmustdrivecarefully.A.Nomatterwhere B.InorderthatC.NomatterhowAssoonas

Wehavetogetupat7：15tomorrowmorning,wewillbelateforthe7：40train.A.before B.or C.if D.soDoyouknowwhattimeA.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleavesIdon,tknow.Canyoutellme,pleaseA.howthetwoplayersareold B.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowold D.howoldthetwoplayersareSorry,wedon,thavethecoatyouneed.A.whatB.whoC.whomD.whichIt,saseriousproblem.Wecan,tdecidecomesback.A.whileB.sinceC.untilD.soIt,ssnowingoutside!Putonmoreclothes,youmaycatchacold.A.and B.butC.orD.thoughThepolicemanaskedmeatthistimeyesterday.A.whatwasIdoingB.whatdidIdoC.whatIwasdoingD.whatIdoChinaisgrowingstrongerandstronger,Chineseistaughtinmoreandmorecountries.A.IfB.UnlessC.AsD.Although

A.IfB.UnlessC.AsD.Although—Tommy,doyouknowifFranktothetheatrewithusthisSundayifit—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.willgo;isfine B.goes;isfineC.willgo;isgoingtobefineD.goes;willbefineCouldyouringmeupassoonasheA.arrived B.wouldarrive C.arrives D.willarriveSheaskedLindaifgoandgetsome.A.couldsheB.shecould C.shecanD.shemayLindasaidthemoonroundtheearth.A.travelledB.hastr