初三英語語法學(xué)案-賓語從句

教育機(jī)構(gòu)一對(duì)一初三英語語法一賓語從句直接引語變間接引語就是將引語部分寫成賓語從句或動(dòng)詞不定式短語，要注意以下幾點(diǎn):人稱變化、時(shí)態(tài)變化、賓語從句要用陳述句的語序。句型變化:（注意引導(dǎo)詞）直接引語間接引語轉(zhuǎn)述陳述句用that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，無詞意，可省略轉(zhuǎn)述一般疑問句用if\whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，意思是“ "。（從句用陳述句語序）轉(zhuǎn)述特殊疑問句用原來的特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（從句用陳述句語序）轉(zhuǎn)述祈使句用句型asksb(not)todosthtellsb(not)todosthB.時(shí)態(tài)變化：時(shí)態(tài)前推法直接引語間接引語現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（或不變）過去完成時(shí)（不變）一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)1、主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句用其所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。2、主句是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)。3、若從句為客觀理論、自然現(xiàn)象或永恒不變的規(guī)律時(shí)，不受主句時(shí)態(tài)限制，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。C.人稱變化：如果直接引語中的人稱是轉(zhuǎn)述人本身，必須改為與轉(zhuǎn)述人一致的人稱代詞。“一隨主，二隨賓，三不變”Shesaid,“Mybrotherwantstogowithme.”(Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.)HesaidtoKate,“Howisyoursisternow?”(HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.)Mr.Smithsaid,“Jackisagoodworker.”(Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodworker)D.時(shí)間狀語變化：D.時(shí)間狀語變化：1.now—thenyesterday—thedaybefore2.thisyear一thatyearlastweek—theweekbefore5.threedaysago—threedaysbefore6.tomorrow—thenextday7.nextweek—theweekafter8.today—thatday9.ago—before 10.lastnight—thenightbeforell.thedaybeforeyesterday—twodaysbeforeE.其它：this—that,these—those,here—there,come—go.Bring—take（注意：表中這些情況，要根據(jù)具體情況而定，不可機(jī)械照搬。如果在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here就不必改為there,come也不必改為）F.注意陳述句語序即學(xué)即練一、把直接引語改為間接引語。“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.HeIhadseenhertheweek.Sheasked,“AreyoufromHubei?”Sheasked Hubei.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedmebeendays.Shesaidtome,“Don,trideinthestreet.”Shemeinthestreet.“IwillgotoAmericanextyear,”hesaidtome.HemegotoAmericanextyear.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthatnevermeat.“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.Hemethathewallet.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.Shesaidthatithomewithher.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesunintheeastanddowninthewest.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.Hemethathemethertheday.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.HesaidthatItogobeforefive.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.Hesaidthatheboughtthehouse10years.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.HeIhadseenhertheweek.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”HeJimthathesitthereHeasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”第2頁共11頁

Heaskedhermotherfoundit.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedmebeendays.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heaskedknewwhereshe.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.Hethechildrenmakingsomuchnoise.“Don,ttellhimthenews.”shesaid.Shetoldmehimthenews.“Areyouinterestedinthis?”hesaid.HeIwasinterestedin.二、單項(xiàng)選擇。( )1.CatherinesaidthatshetoGuangzhou.A.hasnevergone B.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeen D.hadneverbeen( )2.Thestudentswanttoknowwhethertheydictationtoday.A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are( )3.SheaskedLindaifgoandgetsome.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay( )4.Lindasaidthemoonroundtheearth.A.traveledB.hastraveledC.travelsD.hadtraveled( )5.Idon'tknowhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when)6.Doyouknowtheylistenedtoyesterdayevening?DhowBwheredidyoursisterworkDhowBwheredidyoursisterworkDwhereyoursisterworkedA.wheredoesyoursisterworkCwhereyoursisterworks)8.SheaskedmeifIknewA.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit( )9.Youmustremember.A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersayC.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaid( )10.Couldyoutellme?A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijing B.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijingC.whentheywillleaveBeijing D.whendidtheyleaveBeijing完成句子第3頁共11頁.那個(gè)女孩想知道他經(jīng)常會(huì)談些什么？Thegirlwantedtoknowheoften..告訴我那些小孩是否在玩電腦游戲。Tellmethechildrencomputergames..杰克不知道為什么老是叫他去辦公室。Jackdidn'tknowhisteacherhimtotheoffice..我認(rèn)為學(xué)游泳一點(diǎn)也不難。Iit'slearntoswim..你能告訴我這是誰的自行車嗎？Couldyoupleasetellme ?賓語從句概念：在復(fù)合句中作主句及物動(dòng)詞的賓語的句子叫賓語從句。它一般是由從屬連詞，連接代詞或連接副詞來引導(dǎo)。它可以作動(dòng)詞，介詞或某些形容詞的賓語。句型：主句+連詞+賓語從句賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語，連接賓語從句的連詞有that（that在口語中常省略）。whether，if，和連接代詞what， which， who， whom及連接副詞when，where，how，why。引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞的作用例句that本身無意義，只起連接作用，口語中可省略Hesaid(that)Katewasgoodatswimming.What,which,who,whose,whom等連接代詞在從句中做一定的成分,如主語、賓語、定語等Idon'tknowwhattheyaregoingtodo.Heaskedmewhosethebookwas.when,where,why,who等連接副詞在從句中做狀語Couldyoutellmewhereyouarefrom?if/whether意為“是否”，不做句子成分，但不能省略HeaskedmeifMissZhengwasateacher.eg：Heknew（that）heshouldstudyhard.他知道他應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。Canyoutellmewhichclassyouarein？您能告訴我，您在哪一班嗎？Heaskedmeifhecouldcomein，他問我他是否能進(jìn)來。賓語從句應(yīng)注意的問題1）時(shí)態(tài)的一致（主句的時(shí)態(tài)與從句的時(shí)態(tài)一致）第4頁共11頁a.賓語從句中如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)），從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。Iknowheliveshere.我知道他住在這兒。Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.我知道他十年前住在這兒。Ihaveheardthathewillcome.我已經(jīng)聽說他要來了。b.賓語從句中如果主句是過去的時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)），那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用過去的時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)）。IknowwhoHuesh巳r巳.找知道誰住在這兒◎（現(xiàn)在時(shí)）Iknowwholivedhere.我知道誰住過這兒◎聲時(shí)）Everydayheasksusifevetybodyishere.（現(xiàn)去時(shí)）每天他都問我們是否所有的人都出席了。Heaskedusifevetybodywashere.他問我們是否所有的人都出席了。Hehassaidthathehasseenit.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）他說過他已經(jīng)看了口Hesaidthathehadseenit.他說他已經(jīng)看了口2）語序的變化a?陳述句變?yōu)橘e語從句時(shí)，語序不變。陳述句：Heisanhonestman.他是一個(gè)誠實(shí)的人。賓語從句：Isaidhewasanhonestman.（連詞that可省）我說他是一個(gè)誠實(shí)的人。陳述句：We'llWin.我們會(huì)贏。賓語從句：Webelievewe'llwin.我們相信我們會(huì)贏。b.一般疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句時(shí)語序要變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序，用whether，if連接。一般疑問句：Doeshestudyhard？他學(xué)習(xí)認(rèn)真嗎？賓語從句：Iwonderif（whether）hestudieshard.我不知道他是否認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)。一般疑問句：Willtheywin？他們會(huì)贏嗎?賓語從句：Iaskedif（whether）theywouldwin.我問他們是否會(huì)贏。c.特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句時(shí)語序要變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序，用連接代詞或副詞（即保留原來的疑問詞）。特殊疑問句：Whoishe？他是誰？賓語從句：Doyouknowwhoheis？你知道他是誰嗎？特殊疑問句：Whatdoeshewant？他要什么？賓語從句：Idon'tknowwhathewants.我不知道他要什么。注意第5頁共11頁Whowentthere?(特殊疑問句)誰去那里呢？Iwonderwhowentthere.(賓語從句)我不知道誰去那里。因?yàn)槭菍?duì)主語提問，所以特殊疑問句語序不變。變?yōu)橘e語從句時(shí)，語序依然不變。特殊疑問句：Whendidheleave？他何時(shí)離開的？賓語從句：Iknowwhenheleft.我知道他是什么時(shí)候離開的。特殊疑問句：Wherewillhearrive？他將會(huì)到哪里呢？賓語從句：Heaskedmewherehewouldarrive.他問我他將會(huì)到哪里。基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練賓語從句練習(xí)一、單項(xiàng)選擇( )1.Willyoupleasetellme?A.wherePudongAirportis B.howfarPudongAirportwasC.howcanwegettoPudongAirportD.whenwasPudongAirportbuilt( )2.It,snotpolitetoaskpeopleinEngland.A.howmuchmoneyyouhavegotB.whattheweatherislikeC.whatyourcitylookslike D.howoldareyou( )3.Iwonderifhetonight.Ifhe,I,llletyouknow.A.willcome;willcome B.comes;comesC.willcome;comes D.comes;willcome( )4.Ican,tsayIwanttoseehimagain.Wehaven,tseeneachotherfornearlythreeyears.A.howlongB.howsoonC.howoftenD.howmuch( )5.Mr.GreentoldmethatheonatripnextSunday.A.aregoingB.wasgoingC.willgo D.wouldgoing( )6.Nobodyknowshe’llcomeornot.A.that B.if C./ D.whether( )7.---Couldyoutellme?Heiswantedbytheheadteacher.---Sorry.I,venoidea.Butheherejustnow.A.whereTimwas;was B.whereisTim;wasC.whereTimis;was D.whereTimis;is( )8.---DidMrs.Kingleaveamessage?---Yes.ShewantedtoknowthisSunday.whoyouwouldgoshoppingifyouwouldgoshoppingwithherthatyouwillgoshoppingwhenwillyougoshoppingwithher( )9.---Doyouknow?---Nextweek.whentheteachercamebackwhendidtheteachercomebackwhenwilltheteachercomebackwhentheteacherwillcomeback( )10.---Whatdidtheteachersaybeforetheclasswasover,Julia?---Heaskedus.ifwehadanymorequestionswhatlessonwouldwehavenextwhywouldweprefertostayinside第6頁共11頁whetherwehavehandedinourpapers( )11.---Doyouknowthemanwithsunglassesis?---I’mnotsure.Maybeareporter.A.whoB.what C.whereD.how( )12.Canyoutellusyougrowcottoninyourcountry?A.that B.whetherC.whichD.whose( )13.Couldyoupleasetellmethemeetingwillbegin?A.whatB.whetherC.when D.where( )14.---Whocantellusaboutoverthere?---Wecan,thearclearly.A.whattheytalk B.whatdotheytalkC.whataretheytalking D.whattheyaretalking( )15.---DoyouknowJackleftsoearly?---Idon,tknow.Maybehewashungry.A.what B.whyC.untilD.though( )16.MyuncletoldmethathetoLondonthenextday.A.wouldgoB.goC.wentD.hasgone( )17.---Whatdidthechildrenthinkofthegame?---Thechildrensaidtheythemselvesverymuch.A.if;enjoyB.why;enjoyedC.where;enjoyD.that;enjoyed( )18.---Iamsureyousaidistrue.---Thanks.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.who( )19.---IwonderedtheyhadbeentoAmerica.---I,mnotsure.A.if B.whatC.whoD.that( )20.Couldyoutelluswhere?Someoneislookingforhim.A.ishe B.washeC.heisD.hewas( )21.Ourteachersaidthatthemoonaroundtheearth.A.goB.went C.hasgoneD.goes( )22.Myfriendwantedtoknowwithhisnewcar.A.whatwrongis B.whatiswrongC.whatwrongwas D.whatwaswrong( )23.-CouldyoushowmeIcanusetheMP4,please?-Ofcourse.A.that B.howC.whetherD.if( )24.-DoyouknowforShanghailastnight?-At9:00.A.whattimeheleaves B.whattimedoesheleaveC.whattimeheleft D.whattimedidheleave( )25.Ireallywanttoknow.A.whatiswrongwithmybrotherB.howwillhegotoBeijingtomorrowC.ifhadheboughtthatcar D.wheredidhegoyesterday( )26.-Wedon,tknowheis.-Theysayheismuchbetterthesedays.A.what B.who C.how D.where( )27.-Mikewantstoknowifapicnictomorrow.-Yes.Butifit,we,llvisitthemuseuminstead.第7頁共11頁

A.willyouhave;willrain B.youwillhave;willranC.youwillhave;rains D.willyouhave;rains( )28.Theteachersaidthatthemoontheearth.C.circlingD.circleB.whichoneshelikedbestC.circlingD.circleB.whichoneshelikedbestD.whichonedoesshelikebest( )29.Iaskedthegirl.A.whichonedidshelikebestC.whichoneshelikesbest( )30.-DoyouknowLucyhasvisitedtheGreatWall?-Yes,shehas.ButIdon,tknowwhenit.A.that;shevisited B.if;shevisitedC.that;didshevisit D.if;didshevisit( )31.Youshouldruntheshopyourbosshastaughtyou.A.so B.but C.althoughD.as( )32.-Todayortomorrow?-Whatareyoutalkingabout?-WearetalkingabouttogiveatalkontheTraditionofChineseLiterature.A.how B.where C.when D.what( )33.Welivetheroadcrossestheriver.A.when B.where C.how D.why( )34.Hesaidhetheteacheraboutit.A.hastold B.tells C.istellingD.hadtold( )35.Hesaidtimemoney.A.was B.is C.are D.were( )36.Ididn,tunderstand,soIraisedmyhandtoask.A.whatmyteachersays B.whatdoesmyteachersayC.whatmyteachersaid D.whatdidmyteachersay( )37.-CanyouguesstheMP4playeryesterday?-Sorry,I,venoideaaboutit.A.howmuchdidhepayfor B.howcanhegetC.howmuchhepaidfor D.howhehasgot( )38.Doyouknowwhohewithateightlastnight?A.wastalking B.istalkingC.hasbeentalkingD.talks( )39.Pleasetellme.A.whattimeisitB.whattimeitis C.what,sthetime D.whattimebe( )40.-Canyoutellmeyougetonwithyourclassmates?-IhavetoldyoumanytimesIgetonverywellwiththem.A.how;ifB.that;whetherC.how;thatD.whether;that【中考鏈接】( )1.---Ihearwe,llhaveanewforeignteachersoon.Doyouknowwhen?---Sorry,Ihavenoidea.(08廣州)A.hewillcomeB.willhecomeC.ishecomingD.hewascoming