2020年整合考博英語(yǔ)英譯漢、漢譯英專項(xiàng)練習(xí)(含詳解)2名師精品資料

人大考博英語(yǔ)漢譯英專項(xiàng)練習(xí)（1-10，含詳解）專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1科技是人類文明進(jìn)步的動(dòng)力源泉。古老的中國(guó)，曾在世界科技史上占有重要地位。今天的中國(guó)人民，不僅與全世界共享科技文明的成果，也在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域推動(dòng)世界科技的進(jìn)步?？萍紛W運(yùn)將反映科技最新進(jìn)展，集成全國(guó)科技創(chuàng)新成果，推出一屆高科技含量的體育盛會(huì)；提高北京科技創(chuàng)新能力，推進(jìn)高新技術(shù)成果的產(chǎn)業(yè)化及其在人民生活中的廣泛應(yīng)用，使北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)成為展示高新技術(shù)成果和創(chuàng)新實(shí)力的窗口?！緟⒖甲g文】ScienceandtechnologyisthesourcepowerwhichcandrivecivilizationofHumanbeing.China,anold-linecountry,hashadahighpositionintheworld'stechnologyhistory.Today,Chinesepeoplearenotonlysharingtheharvestoftechnologyandcivilizationwithpeoplefromrestoftheworld,butpromotingthescienceandtechnologyinallkindsoffieldaswell.High-techOlympicsmeansthatwewillcloselyfollowthelatesthigh-techdevelopmentshomeandabroadandintegratethehigh-techachievementsnationwidesoastohostamagnificentsportseventinhigh-techachievement.Indoingso,Beijing'scapacityinhigh-techinnovationwillbeimprovedandtheapplicationofhigh-techachievementsinproductionandpeople'slifepromoted.BeijingOlympicGameswillbeawindowtoshowcaseourhigh-techachievementsandinnovativecapacity.專項(xiàng)練習(xí)2去年，美國(guó)聯(lián)邦航空管理局把用來(lái)計(jì)算飛機(jī)載荷的乘客平均體重提高了10磅。因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)原油價(jià)格創(chuàng)下了歷史新記錄，作為應(yīng)對(duì)措施，很多公司不得不提高機(jī)票價(jià)格中的燃料費(fèi)用。美國(guó)人和歐洲人不斷發(fā)胖的趨勢(shì)促使政府發(fā)動(dòng)健康運(yùn)動(dòng)，同時(shí)人們嚴(yán)厲譴責(zé)許多食品公司。麥當(dāng)勞連鎖店在譴責(zé)聲中受到?jīng)_擊，因而不得不在最近幾個(gè)月里修改菜單，增加了一些更有利于健康的食物。這一舉動(dòng)促使麥當(dāng)勞的盈利增加。然而，據(jù)專家預(yù)測(cè)，人類注定會(huì)越來(lái)越胖，會(huì)對(duì)航空公司的利潤(rùn)空間形成不斷增加的壓力?！緟⒖甲g文】Lastyear,theFederalAviationAdministrationincreasedbytenpoundstheaveragepassengerweighttheyusetocalculateaircraftloads.Sincethencrudeoilpriceshavehitrecordlevels,withmanyfirmsrespondingbyraisingthefuelsurchargetheyaddtoticketprices.TherisinglevelofobesityintheUSandinEuropehaspromptedgovernmenthealthcampaignsandharshcriticismofanumberoffoodfirms.RestaurantchainMcDonald'shastakenthebruntoftheattackandhasinrecentmonthsreworkeditsmenutoincludehealthieroptions.Themovehashelpedliftprofits.Thepredictionbyexperts,however,isthathumansaresettobecomebigger,puttingincreasingpressureonairlineprofit.專項(xiàng)練習(xí)3據(jù)最新估計(jì)，雅典奧運(yùn)會(huì)的開(kāi)支已達(dá)到100億美元，這對(duì)于希臘這樣的小國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō)可是一筆不小的數(shù)目，何況它曾經(jīng)是歐盟中最貧窮的國(guó)家。希臘對(duì)這次奧運(yùn)會(huì)可能帶來(lái)的美好前景寄予厚望，并想借此機(jī)會(huì)（向世界）展示一個(gè)“煥然一新”的希臘，以吸引新的投資者和游客。但是，本國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的興奮劑丑聞和旅游業(yè)的低靡破壞了希臘的形象，這使希臘政府十分惱火。希臘財(cái)政部的一位重要官員告訴記者，希臘只有正確處理好公眾關(guān)系，才能使雅典奧運(yùn)會(huì)的開(kāi)銷變成投資。【參考譯文】LatestestimatesofthecostsofhostingtheAthensOlympicsputthematupto$10billionhugeamountforasmallcountrylikeGreece,oncethepoorestintheEU.Thenationhaspinnedhopesofasuccessfulfutureontheeventsbeingashowcasefora“transformed”country,attractingnewinvestorsandtouristsalike.Butthereisangeringovernmentthatthehometeam'sdopingscandalsandatourismslumpareruiningGreece'simage.AkeytreasuryaidetoldreportersthatGamesspendingwouldbecomeaninvestmentonlyifGreecegottherightpublicrelationsmessageacross.專項(xiàng)練習(xí)4正在意大利進(jìn)行國(guó)事訪問(wèn)的中國(guó)國(guó)家主席江澤民22日在總統(tǒng)府與意大利總統(tǒng)舉行了會(huì)談。江澤民主席說(shuō)，中意兩國(guó)雖然相距遙遠(yuǎn)，社會(huì)制度、文化傳統(tǒng)、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展程度也存在差異，但兩國(guó)關(guān)系很好?，F(xiàn)在兩國(guó)合作的深度與廣度不斷擴(kuò)大，意大利是中國(guó)在歐洲的重要貿(mào)易伙伴。兩國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)互補(bǔ)性強(qiáng)，雙方開(kāi)展經(jīng)貿(mào)合作潛力很大。中國(guó)政府支持和鼓勵(lì)中國(guó)企業(yè)界同意大利同行多往來(lái)，使兩國(guó)經(jīng)貿(mào)合作更富有成果?！緟⒖甲g文】ChinesepresidentJiangZemingwhoiscurrentlyonastatevisittoItalyheldaformaltalkwithItalianpresidenton22ndatthepresidentialpalace.PresidentJiangpointedoutthatalthoughItalyandChinaaregeographicallyfarawayfromeachotherandimportantdifferencesexistintheirrespectivesocialsystems,culturaltraditions,andthelevelsofeconomicdevelopment,thetwocountrieshavesofarmaintainedaveryfriendlybilateralrelationship.Atpresent,thecooperationbetweenthetwocountrieshasbeenexpandingintermsofboththedepthandthewidth,ItalybeinganimportanttradepartnerofChinainEurope.Theeconomiesofbothcountriesarecharacterizedbystrongcomplementarityandthereistremendouspotentialforbothcountriestoundertakeeconomicandtradecooperation.TheChinesegovernmentwillsupportandencourageChinesebusinesscommunitiestoconductmorecontactswiththeirItaliancounterpartssoastomaketheeconomicandcommercialcooperationbetweenthetwocountriesmoreconstructiveandfruitful.專項(xiàng)練習(xí)5徐霞客一生周游考察了16個(gè)省，足跡幾乎遍及全國(guó)。他在考察的過(guò)程中，從來(lái)不盲目迷信書本上的結(jié)論。他發(fā)現(xiàn)前人研究地理的記載有許多不很可靠的地方。為了進(jìn)行真實(shí)細(xì)致的考察，他很少乘車坐船，幾乎全靠雙腳翻山越嶺，長(zhǎng)途跋涉；為了弄清大自然的真相，他總是挑選道路艱險(xiǎn)的山區(qū)，人煙稀少的森林進(jìn)行考察，發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多奇山秀景；他常常選擇不同的時(shí)間和季節(jié)，多次重游各地名山，反復(fù)觀察變換的奇景?！緟⒖甲g文】Duringhislifetime,XuXiaketraveledaroundandconductedsurveysin16provinces.Helefthisfootstepsinvirtuallyeverypartofthecountry.Intheprocessofconductinghissurveysandinvestigations,hewouldneverblindlyembracetheconclusionsrecordedinpreviousdocuments.Instead,hediscoveredthatthedocumentationsmadebyhispredecessorsintheirgeographicalstudieswerenotquitereliableinmanyaspects.Inordertoensurethathisreconnaissancewererealanddetailed,heseldomtraveledbyshiporbywagon.Heclimbedovermountainsandhillsandtraveledlongdistancesalmostentirelyonfoot.Inordertodevelopatruepictureofthenaturalworld,hemadeitapointofundertakinghisexpeditionsinthosemountainareaswhereroadsweredifficulttotravelandinthosewoodsthatweresparselypopulated.Inthiswayhediscoveredmanymarvelousmountainsandbeautifulscenes.Hefrequentlychosedifferenttimesandseasonsoftheyeartomakerepeatedvisitstothefamousmountainsacrossthecountrysothathecouldmakerepeatedobservationsoftheirwonderfulscenerythatkeptchangingallyearround.專項(xiàng)練習(xí)6在過(guò)去幾十年里,大多數(shù)發(fā)展中國(guó)家的人民文化水平得到了提高,壽命大大延長(zhǎng);幾乎在所有地方，婦女的地位在逐步提高。一個(gè)由電子郵件聯(lián)結(jié)的全球公民同盟，倡議并起草了最新的禁止地雷條約，并勸說(shuō)大多數(shù)政府來(lái)簽署該條約。越來(lái)越多的環(huán)保組織與私營(yíng)企業(yè)一起努力并產(chǎn)生了驚人的效果：最近已有二十多家大公司決定簽署全球氣象條約?！緟⒖甲g文】Literacyandlifespanshaverisendramaticallyinmostdevelopingcountriesoverthepastfewdecades,andthestatusofwomenisslowlyimprovingnearlyeverywhere.Itwasaglobalcoalitionofcitizens'groupslinkedbye-mailthatinitiatedandlargelydraftedtherecenttreatytobanlandminesandpersuadedmostoftheworld'sgovernmentstosignit.Andincreasingly,environmentalgroupsareworkingwithprivatecorporations,oftentostartlingeffect:Witnesstherecentdecisionofsometwodozenmajorcompaniestoendorsetheglobalclimatetreaty.專項(xiàng)練習(xí)7拉丁美洲的未來(lái)難以預(yù)料。一方面，該地區(qū)已做好發(fā)展的準(zhǔn)備：大多數(shù)民主政府已投入經(jīng)濟(jì)改革，人口已大部分城市化，相當(dāng)可觀的工業(yè)基礎(chǔ),極為豐富的自然資源。另一方面，拉丁美洲仍是全球最不平等的地區(qū)：土地所有權(quán)高度集中,大多數(shù)人不具備接受良好的教育及其他社會(huì)服務(wù)的機(jī)會(huì)，一些國(guó)家仍有高達(dá)40%的赤貧人口。腐化的毒品交易和持久的暴力活動(dòng)都是當(dāng)?shù)仄毡榇嬖诘膯?wèn)題。拉丁美洲國(guó)家可能在實(shí)行社會(huì)及經(jīng)濟(jì)改革，但是由于社會(huì)局勢(shì)緊張，人們無(wú)法廣泛享受發(fā)展帶來(lái)的好處，因此該地區(qū)前景暗淡，并會(huì)引發(fā)新一輪的動(dòng)蕩局面和經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條。【參考譯文】LatinAmerica'sfutureisuncertain.Ontheonehand,theregionispoisedforgrowth,withmostlydemocraticgovernmentscommittedtoeconomicreform,analreadylargelyurbanizedpopulation,asubstantialindustrialbase,andvastquantitiesofnaturalresources.Ontheotherhand,LatinAmericaremainsthemostunequalregiononearth,withhighlyconcentratedownershipofland,limitedaccesstogoodeducationandothersocialservicesformany,andasmuchas40%ofthepopulationindirepovertyinsomecountries.Thecorruptionofthecocainetradeandpersistentviolenceareendemicproblems.LatinAmericancountriesmaypursuesocialaswellaseconomicreform,butsocialtensionsandthefailuretosharethebenefitsofgrowthmorewidelycouldunderminetheregion'sprospectsandinitiateanewcycleofinstabilityandeconomicstagnation.專項(xiàng)練習(xí)8任何人都無(wú)法肯定地預(yù)測(cè)北美、歐洲和日本在未來(lái)會(huì)扮演怎樣的角色。由于擁有巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)優(yōu)勢(shì)并掌握著資本和技術(shù)，他們的潛在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力和影響力大大提高。但是，保守的社會(huì)和政治反動(dòng)勢(shì)力可能導(dǎo)致一種不很樂(lè)觀的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，那就是這些強(qiáng)大的地區(qū)采取更加狹隘、閉關(guān)自守的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。另外，無(wú)法確定的是，這些較為富裕的國(guó)家能否持有相同觀點(diǎn)【參考譯文】NoonecanforecastwithcertaintythepreciserolesthatNorthAmerica,Europe,andJapanwillplayinthefuture.Theirpotentialcapacityforleadershipandinfluenceisbolsteredbytheenormouseconomicandsocialadvantagestheyenjoy,aswellastheircommandofcapitalandtechnology.Butreactionarysocialandpoliticaltendenciescouldleadtoaless-optimisticscenarioinwhichthesepowerfulregionsforgeanarrower,inward-lookingstrategy.Itisnotatallcertainthatthemore-affluentnationswillshareasingleoutlook.專項(xiàng)練習(xí)9目前幾乎所有在營(yíng)銷的新的教育產(chǎn)品和教育服務(wù)都帶有技術(shù)的特征。這種技術(shù)能替代全部教師或減少教師的數(shù)量，從而解決一些傳統(tǒng)教育中的致命弱點(diǎn)。譬如，替代教師只是降低了大量勞動(dòng)密集型的教學(xué)過(guò)程導(dǎo)致的昂貴費(fèi)用，而學(xué)生數(shù)量并沒(méi)有減少。這樣就取消了教師終身職位制，而終身制恰恰使那些既沒(méi)有受過(guò)培訓(xùn)又沒(méi)有水平，不適應(yīng)變化及新方法的教員始終留在崗位上。這一技術(shù)最終猶如最好的教師，永遠(yuǎn)耐心溫和。它適合每個(gè)學(xué)生的不同學(xué)習(xí)速度和知識(shí)水平，永不疲倦?！緟⒖甲g文】Almostalloftheneweducationalproductsandservicesnowbeingmarketedbearthestampoftechnology.Suchtechnologyreplacesteachersaltogetherorreducestheirnumber,thussolvingseveralcriticalweaknessesintraditionaleducation.Forinstance,replacingteachersreducesthehighcostofanexcessivelylabor-intensiveinstructionalprocesswhilestillservingthesamenumberofstudents.Then,too,iteliminatestenure,whichunfortunatelylocksininstructorswhodonothavethetrainingorknowledgetokeepupwithchangingfieldsandnewapproaches.Finally,technology,likethebestofteachers,isinfinitelypatientandreassuring.Itaccommodatesthespeedofeachstudentandhisorherleveloflearning.Itneverwearies.專項(xiàng)練習(xí)10大多數(shù)在因特網(wǎng)上提供教育產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的公司致力于員工和管理業(yè)務(wù)培訓(xùn)。電腦學(xué)校聲稱全校有3萬(wàn)名學(xué)生