4-19名詞性從句復習

名詞性從句GrammarandusageNounClauses在復合句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞性從句(NounClauses)。名詞性從句的功能相當于名詞或名詞詞組,它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。名詞性從句Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.

{名詞性從句在功能上相當于名詞主語表語

{

{Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.賓語同位語

{Atlunchtime,theradioweathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.Whatsurprisedmemostwasthattheoldmancouldn’tseeanything.ThefactthatPollydidn’taskfortheman’snameisapity.Findclausesfromthefollowingsentencesandtellthefunctionsofthem.AppositiveClause(同位語從句)SubjectClause(主語從句)ObjectClause(賓語從句)PredicativeClause(表語從句)引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：1.連接詞：that,whether,if作用：在從句中______成分2.連接代詞：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.作用：在從句中作_____，______，表語3.連接副詞：when,where,how,why作用：在從句中作________

不作主語賓語狀語DiffertheseNounClauses.1.ItisimpossiblethatIwillgoandattendthemeeting.2.Iwonderwhyheliedtome.3.Wethinkitimportantthateverycitizenshouldhavegoodmanners.4.Whenwewillsetoffforhomehasn’tbeendecidedyet.5.Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently.6.Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.主語從句賓語從句賓語從句主語從句表語從句同位語從句1.用if或whether填空1.Idon’tknow_______I’llbefreetomorrow.2.Idon’tknow_______ornotI’llbefreetomorrow.3.Thequestionis______thisbookisworthwriting.4.Itdependson______wewillhaveenoughmoney.5.______theycandoitmatterslittletous.6._______youarenotfreetomorrow,I’llgowithoutyou.whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIfa.主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、介詞后面的賓語從句只能用________，不能用if；b.后面緊跟ornot時,用___________.歸納whetherwhether2that可省略的情況：

that不可省略的情況：

主語從句

表語從句

同位語從句

用it做形式賓語的賓語從句

并列的賓語從句中的后幾個從句的

引導詞that不能省略引導詞that的省略單個賓語從句中的that可省略1.Idon’tthink_______sheiscoming.

2.Itisapity_______hehasmadesuchamistake.

3.Thereasonis_______heiscareless.

4.Thenews_______ourteamwonthematchinspiredus.

5.Idon’tthinkitnecessary_____youshouldreadEnglishaloud.

6.Hetoldme______hisfatherhaddiedand_____hehadtomakealivingalone.

(that)thatthatthatthat(that)thatthat/(that)3.that

與whether/if的選擇：(1)_____knowledgecomesfrompracticeisknowntoall.What B.Where C.If D.That(2)Itmakesnodifference_____oursportsmeetwillbeheldthisweekornextweek.A.that B.either C.whether D.when(3)Idoubt_____________hewillcomesoon.(4)Idonotdoubt_____________hewillcomesoon.(5)Doyoudoubt____________hewillcomesoon?DCwhether/ifthatthat

表示是否時用__________,表示肯定時用_______歸納whether/ifthat1._________Ican’tunderstandiswhyhehaschangedhismind.2.___________theearthisroundisknowntousall.3.______hewontheracewas______weexpected.that:what:_______只起連接作用，在從句中不充當任何成分，沒有詞義_______起連接作用，且在從句中充當主語，賓語或表語，表示“所……的”。ThatWhatThatwhat歸納4.that，what引導名詞性從句的區(qū)別that/what1.______hewantsisabook.2.______hewantstogothereisobvious.

3.Theresultis______wewonthegame.

4.Thisis_____wewanttoknow.

5.Is_____hetoldustrue?

6.Weshouldpayattentionto______the

teacherissaying.

7.Ihavenodoubt_____hewillcome.

8.Ihavenoidea____hedidthatafternoon.WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhatExercises______thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhyD.If2.Iwonder____youwillgoshoppingorstayathome.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.what主語從句賓語從句3.Thisis_____hewasoftenlateforschool.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether4.Weallknowthetruth____theearth____aroundthesun.A.if;movedB.that;movesC.why;moveD.whether;move表語從句同位語從句1.______willwritethepoem

hasnotbeendecidedyet. 2._______surprisedusisthathelostinthegame.

3.Iheardit_______hehadgoneabroad.

4.Tellme_______youdon’tlikeschool.

5.Hehadafeeling_______shemightnotapproveoftheplan.6.Hewasn’tsure______heoughttolaughorcry.7.Thequestionis______heislivingnow.

當堂訓練WhoWhatthatwhythatwhetherwhere重要的是你做什么，而不是說什么。2.他出生在何時何地還不知道。3.那個人何時被謀殺，為什么被謀殺尚不知道。4.問題是他對那個小男孩做了些什么。5.我們相信他已經(jīng)掙了足夠的錢來蓋所房子。TranslationseeyouTranslation重要的是你做什么，而不是說什么。2.他出生在何時何地還不知道。Theimportantthingiswhatyoudo,notwhatyousay.Whenandwherehewasbornhasnotbeenfound.3.那個人何時被謀殺，為什么被謀殺尚不知道。4.問題是他對那個小男孩做了些什么。5.我們相信他已經(jīng)掙了足夠的錢來蓋所房子。Whenandwhythepersonwasmurderedisstillunknown.Theproblemiswhathehasdonetothelittleboy.Webelievedthathehadearnedenoughmoneytobuildahouse.1

That

hewillsucceediscertain.2

Whether

hewillgothereisnotknown.3

What

hesaidisnottrue.4

Where

hehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5

Whoever

comesiswelcome.6How

wecanhelpthetwins

willbediscussedatthemeeting.7

When

they’llstarttheproject

hasnotbeendecidedyet.SubjectClause主語從句為避免主語冗長,句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用it作形式主語,主語從句放在后面作真正的主語。1.Itiscertainthathewillsucceed.2.Itisnotknownwhetherhewillgothere.3.Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhenthey’llstarttheproject.“It”

isusedas

emptysubject.形式主語1.It+be+形容詞＋that從句Itisnecessary/important/obviousthat…2.It+be+-ed分詞＋that從句Itisbelievedthat…人們相信…Itisknowntousallthat….眾所周知…Ithasbeendecidedthat……已經(jīng)決定……3.It+be+名詞＋that從句Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常識Itisasurprisethat….令人驚奇的是…Itisafactthat……事實是……4.It+不及物動詞＋that從句Itappearsthat…似乎…Ithappensthat….碰巧…Itoccurredtomethat……我突然想起……在下列主語從句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange…)that…

Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat…Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired...)that…

1.___________pricewillgoupiscertain. 2._______willwritethepoemhasnotbeendecidedyet.3.Itisnotclear_______hehasgone.

還不清楚他去了哪里。4.Itremainsunknown_______theyaregoingtogetmarried. 他們何時結婚依然不明。5.Itisapity_________youmissedtheconcert.很遺憾你錯過了那場音樂會。ThatWhowherewhenthat賓語從句在句中充當賓語成分(可以作謂語動詞、介詞、不定式等非謂語動詞的賓語)Theyknow

that

thehabitwillkillthem.Italldependson

whethertheywillsupportus.Heasked

howmuchIpaidfortheviolin.Hemade

it

cleartothepublic

that

hedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.

Ifind

it

necessary

that

weshoulddothehomework.Tellthefunctionofthefollowingclauses.that,whether,if(that常可省略)who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whenwherewhyhow賓語從句連詞

句子結構：主句+謂語+連接詞+從句（一）、賓語從句就是在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句(即：在及物動詞，介詞和形容詞后)1.Idon'tknow______heisalwayslateforschool.2.Weallagreewith______yousaidatthemeeting.3.Iworryabout________hecanpassthroughthecrisisofhisillness.4.Hesaidthathewouldgivemeasueprise.（二）、主語+謂語+形式賓語it+賓補+賓語從句Ifeelitaterriblething_____Ihavetogetupsoearly.I’msorrythatIamlateagain. whywhatwhetherthat當whether后緊跟or/ornot時,不用if.Idon’tknowwhetherIwillstayornot.介詞后面的賓語從句不能用if.

IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.

注意1.whether和if都可以引導賓語從句

在主+謂+it(形式賓語)+賓補+that從句(真正賓語)的句型中不省略Wemustmake

it

clear

thatwemeanwhatwesay.由連詞and連接的兩個由that引導的賓語從句中,第二個that不省略。Hetoldme(that)hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.2.that在賓語從句中的省略與保留Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.That’s

whyIwaslate.表語從句:在句中充當表語成分，一般放在系動詞之后。作用:對主語進行解釋說明。表語從句連接詞when/where/why/how/becausethat/whether/asif/asthough(if不引導表語從句)連接代詞who/whom/whose/which/what連接副詞1.Thereasonwas______hedidn’tworkhard. 2.NewYorkisnolonger_______itwastenyearsago.3.Thatis_______heturnedmedown. thatwhatwhy同位語從句在句中充當同位語成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名詞(idea;belief;fact;truth;problem;news等)后面，對名詞作進一步解釋說明。同位語從句常用that引導或用連接副詞when/where/why/how/whetherTheidea

thatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2)

WordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspect(視察)them.3)Sydneykepthispromise

thathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucytomakesureofherhappiness.同位語從句1.Heacceptedthefact_______shewouldnevercomeback.2.Doyouhaveanyideas________wecangetcheapersecondhandcar?3.Wordcame_______ournewclassroomwillbeequippedwithsixairconditioners.4.Inspiteofthefact______heisoversixty,heisstillfullofspirit.thathowthat

that1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight._______________________________________________Thefact

that

twothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot._____________________________________________________________Weheardthenewslastnightthat

theQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.2.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.3.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.1.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview.________ManyBritishparentsholdtheview

that

teenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline._______________________________Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea

that

timetravelispossible.____________________________________________________________Thesuggestion

that

Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime

iswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.II.改錯It’suncertainthattheexperimentisworthdoing.

2.Whattheboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.3.Jackwassoontoldwhyhedidwasnotnecessary.

4.WethoughtstrangethatTomdidnotcomeyesterday.5.Idon'tcarewhethershehasnomoney.Icareifsheishonestornot.

當堂訓練二(1)Theywanttoknow_____dotohelpus.A.whatcanthey B.whattheycan C.howtheycan D.howcanthey(2)Canyoumakesure_____thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput(3)SomeoneisringingMary.Goandsee_____.A.whoishe B.whoheis C.whoisit D.whoitisBCI.語序問題考點歸納D歸納

在名詞性從句中，除了連詞在從句之首外，其它部分應用________的語序。陳述Translation重要的是你做什么，而不是說什么。2.他出生在何時何地還不知道。3.那個人何時被謀殺，為什么被謀殺尚不知道。4.問題是他對那個小男孩做了些什么。5.我們相信他已經(jīng)掙了足夠的錢來蓋所房子。分析下列賓語從句中的連詞Idon’tdoubt(that)youwillsucceed.Idon’tknowwhether/ifhewillcometonight.Idoubtif/whetheryouwillkeepyourpromise.3個句子中的連詞that,whether,if(是否)在名詞性從句中只起連接作用，在句中不擔任成分,被稱為連接詞。注意:A.that本身無意義，在賓語從句中可以省略，但在別的三種名詞性從句中不可以省略。B.whether和if有是否的意義，在賓語從句中二者通?？梢曰Q。但whether可以用于所有的四種名詞性從句,而if僅可以用于賓語從句。引導名詞性從句的關聯(lián)詞連接詞一、名詞性從句的語序(1)名詞性從句構成有兩種a.That+陳述句Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.

Thisis

whatwearelookingfor.名詞性從句考點歸納b.疑問詞+句子的剩余成分Couldyoutellmewherehelives?()

Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive?()(2)疑問詞引導的名詞性從句要求使用陳述句語序，不能用一般疑問句語序。Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()

Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()你能告訴我他住在什么地方嗎？FTTF他是怎么成功的仍然是個謎。二、名詞性從句連接詞的選用(1)that和what的選用that和what都可引導所有的名詞性從句。但是，what除起連接作用外，還在名詞性從句中充當成分，可作從句的主語、賓語、或表語。而that在名詞性從句中不充當任何成分，只起連接作用。

a.主語從句

b.表語從句

c.同位語從句

d.介詞后的賓語從句

e.whethertodo做動詞賓語不能用iftodo.

f.與ornot連在一起引導賓語從句時不用if.if和whether的選用不能使用if的情況:

1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.

2.________wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.

3.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.

4.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.

5.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.

6.Thequestionis________heshoulddoit.

7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion

________theoldmanwillrecoversoon.

8.Ihaven’tdecided_______togothere.if/whetherWhetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherif/whether其它連接代詞和副詞的使用主要根據(jù)名詞性從句中的具體意義，正確的選擇who,which,when,where,why,how

等連接詞，這些連接詞既具有疑問含義，又起連接作用，同時在從句中充當各種成分。我們何時舉行運動會還沒有決定。

______weshallholdoursportsmeetingisnotdecided.

我不知道昨天誰打破了玻璃。

Idon’tknow________broketheglassyesterday.

我不知道他長的什么樣子。

Ihavenoidea_________helookslike.

這就是我忘記眼鏡的地方。

Thisis_________Ileftmyglasses.

Whenwhowhatwherethat可省略的情況：

that不可省略的情況：

主語從句

表語從句

同位語從句

用it做形式賓語的賓語從句

并列的賓語從句中的后幾個從句的

引導詞that不能省略引導詞that的省略單個賓語從句中的that可省略1.Idon’tthink_______sheiscoming.

2.Itisapity_______hehasmadesuchamistake.

3.Thereasonis_______heiscareless.

4.Thenews_______ourteamwonthematchinspiredus.

5.Idon’tthinkitnecessary_____youshouldreadEnglishaloud.

6.Hetoldme______hisfatherhaddiedand_____hehadtomakealivingalone.

(that)thatthatthatthat(that)thatthat/(that)1.同位語從句的格式：2.能接同位語從句的名詞有：3.連接詞通常是that,也可根據(jù)含義選用

三、同位語從句的引導和辨別n.+連接詞+從句fact,idea,

news,order,belief,suggestion,advice,information等

whether,what,when,where等來引導同位語從句。1.Ihavenoidea_______hecomesfrom.

2.Hecan’tanswerthequestion_____hegotthemoney.

3.Hegaveusmanysuggestions_______weshouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise.

4.Ihavenodoubt______hewillwin.

5.Ihavesomedoubt________hewillwin.wherehowthatthatwhetherthat/whether/where/how定語從句是先行詞的修飾語,它不涉及先行詞的具體內容。定語從句中that不但起連接作用,而且在定語從句中充當一個句子成分,充當從句的賓語成分時可省略。2.同位語從句對中心詞的內容作進一步的解釋和說明,表明中心詞的具體內容。引導同位語從句的that在同位語從句中不做任何成分,只起連接作用,無具體含義,且不可省略。同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed.2.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain.1.Theinformationhasbeenannounced

thatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversity.2.Theinformation

thatherevealedatthemeeting

isofgreatvalue.ATAPAPATAttributiveorAppositiveHegavemeasuggestionthatI(should)becalmnow.名詞demand,suggestion,proposal,advice等詞后的同位語從句的語氣要用虛擬語氣,結構為~thatsb(should)+doshould可省略

一堅持：_______________二命令：__________________

三建議：_________________________四要求：_________________________Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.我們建議推遲會議。Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.他們堅持要求小男孩跟他們一起去。insistorder,commandsuggest,advise,proposerequire,request,demand,desirea.他相信他的夢想總有一天會實現(xiàn)的。

Hebelieves_______________________________.

b.請告訴我你昨天這個時候在干什么。

Pleasetellme_______________________________.hisdreamwillcometruesomedayatthistimeyesterday

賓語從句的時態(tài)呼應1.如果主句時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時或將來時,從句謂語可根據(jù)句意需要而選用任一種時態(tài)。whatyouweredoing他告訴我他正在為考試做準備。

Hetoldme_________________________________.他說他已離開家鄉(xiāng)十年了。

Hetoldme_________________________________.

老師告訴我們光是沿直線運行的。

Theteachertoldus_________________________.hewaspreparingfortheexamination

hehadbeenawayfromhishometownfortenyearslighttravelsinastraightline2.如果主句謂語是過去時,從句謂語動詞一般用過去的某種時態(tài),但從句表達的是客觀事實、真理、自然規(guī)律等時,從句謂語通常用一般現(xiàn)在時。Thereason_____wedidn’ttrusthimwas_____heoftenlied．2.Thereason____hegaveforhisabsencewas______hewasill.reason后面的表語從句只能用that引導,不能用why引導,但reason后面的定語從句可以用why或者that引導。在名詞性從句中，我們還需特別注意以下問題：whythatthatthatByimprovingreadingskills,youcanreadfasterandunderstandmoreof______youread.

(2007上海春)A.that B.what C.which D.whether2.Whynottryyourluckdowntown,Bob?That’s______thebestjobsare.(2007浙江)

A.whereB.whatC.whenD.why3.Youcanonlybesureof________youhaveatpresent;youcannotbesureofsomething_____youmightgetinthefuture.(2007安徽)

A.that;whatB.what;/ C.which;thatD./;that4.Itisnoneofyourbusiness______otherpeoplethinkaboutyou.Believeyourself.(2007福建)A.howB.whatC.which D.whenTheyexpressedthehope___theywouldcomeovertoChina.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.when2.Thefact___hedidn’tseeTomyesterdayistrue.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what3.Ihavenoidea____hewillcomeback.A.whereB.whenC.whatD.ifChoosethebestanswer4.Oneofthemenheldtheview___thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhichC.thatwhatD.whichthat5.Wordhascome_____someAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek.A.whatB.whetherC.thatD.which6.Thequestionis____thefilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how7.Theyreceivedorders_____theworkbedoneatonce.A.whichB.whenC./D.that8.Thereason____Ihavetogois____mymotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because9.___Ican’tunderstandis___shewantstochangehermind.A.What;whyB.Which;howC.That;whyD.What;because10.____hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Evenif11.Itisknowntous___wherethereispollution,thereisharm.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that12.Ihavetheinformation____.A.ofwhathe’llcomesoonB.thathe’llcomesoonC.ofthathe’llcomesoonD.hiscomingsoon13.---Isawyourneighborbreakyourwindowwithabasketball.---____itmademenearlymad.A.ThathebrokeB.WhathebrokeC.HebrokeD.Hisbreak14.Itremainsaquestion____wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.A.howB.thatC.whenD.what15.---CanIhelpyou?---Yes,doyouknow____?A.whencomesthebusB.whenwillcomethebusC.whendoesthebuscome