【課件】Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures（Restrictive Relative Clause）課件高中英語(yǔ)人教版（2019）必修第一冊(cè)

Unit4NaturalDisastersPeriod3DiscoveringUsefulStructures定語(yǔ)從句TheAttributiveClauseWhatisattribute?Whatistherestrictiverelativeclause?RelativewordTipsCONTENTSWhatisattribute?1、My

brotherlikesplayingbasketball.2、Ihavesomething

importanttotellyou.3、Theboy

inblueisTom.4、Thesmiling

boyneedsapenboughtbyhismother.01在句中修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫定語(yǔ)。常譯為：“……的”4Theyaretalkingaboutamathsproblem.Itisverynearfromheretohisschool.ThemanupstairsisaprofessorofShandongUniversity.Thepictureonthewallwasdrawnbymydaughter.Thedormitorybuiltlastyearisforfreshmen.Therearetenstudentsintheclassroom.

限定詞+名詞形物代形容詞介短分詞Summary:1st:定語(yǔ)位置？2nd:什么可以做定語(yǔ)？

數(shù)詞Whatistherelative/attributiveclause?1、Definition2、Form02Whichrobotdoyouprefer?Robot?Hi,Icancleanthehouse.Hello,Icanplaytheguitar.IprefertherobotcanplaytheguitarwhichtherobotTherobotIhavereadthebook

iscalledJaneEyre.whichthebookThebookIlovetheboyisverykindandhandsome.whotheboyTheboy簡(jiǎn)化圖示ThestructureoftheAttributiveClause:共有詞主句：從句：共有詞關(guān)系詞主句從句先行詞關(guān)系詞定語(yǔ)從句ThemanwhoranfastestisLiuxiang.先行詞(antecedent)關(guān)系詞(relatives)定語(yǔ)從句(AttributiveClause)注意:1.先行詞一定是名詞或者是代詞.2.關(guān)系詞處在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間主句3.從句一般情況下都緊跟著先行詞.PracticeUsetheRelativestocombinetwosentencesintoone.Thewoman

isateacher.Shelivesnextdoor.Thewoman

isateacher.wholivesnextdoorThetreeisveryold.ItisinfrontofmyhouseThetree

isveryold.whichisinfrontofmyhouse12Sheisabankteller.Shehelpedusopenanaccount.Mr.Liisanarchitect.Hisdesignsforthenewtownhavewonpraise.Thesupplieswereprovidedtothedisasterarea.Theywherecollectedfromaroundthecountry.Sheisfeedingthebaby.Thebabysurvivedtheearthquake.Sheisabanktellerwhohelpedusopenanaccount.Mr.Liisanarchitectwhosedesignsforthenewtownhavewonpraise.Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.Sheisfeedingthebabywhosurvivedtheearthquake.Summary:什么是定語(yǔ)從句？定語(yǔ)從句的功能？定語(yǔ)從句的構(gòu)成？定語(yǔ)從句的寫法？13RelativeWord1、Function2、Classification03關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞的作用指代先行詞連接主句和從句在從句中充當(dāng)成分RelativeWord16RelativePronoun關(guān)系代詞

RelativeAdverb關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系限定詞關(guān)系代詞的選用取決于被修飾詞（先行詞）which,who,whom,that,whose,asWhere,when,whyRelativePronoun

關(guān)系代詞Thefish(which)Iboughtthismorningwasnotfresh.Theyignoredthedetailswhichmightaccountfortheaccident.Youareconcernedaboutpeoplewhohavesufferedalotintheearthquake.Dannywastheman(who)werescuedfromtheruins.ZhongNanshanisournationalhero(whom)weshouldrespect.Thenumberofpeoplethatcometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.Thisisthesuitcase(that)sheislookingfor.Thisisabookthatinterestsme.Chinaisnotthecountry(that)itwas.Sheisthegirlwhosebrotherworksabroad.17指物，作賓語(yǔ)指物，作主語(yǔ)指人，作賓語(yǔ)指人，作主語(yǔ)指人，作賓語(yǔ)指人，作主語(yǔ)指物，作賓語(yǔ)指物，作主語(yǔ)指物，作表語(yǔ)指…的,表所屬關(guān)系，作定語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句as既可指人也可指物。在定語(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。它常用在thesame…as，suchas.等結(jié)構(gòu)中as不能省略。Suchreasons_____wegivecanpersuadehimtogiveuphisfoolishplan.I'llbuythesamedictionary__________youhave.asas當(dāng)先行詞被thesame修飾時(shí)，也可用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句但指同一物，而不是同一類。Thisisthesamebike___________llosttwomonthsago這就是兩個(gè)月前我丟的一輛自行車。Thisisthesamebike__________llosttwomonthsago這輛自行跟兩個(gè)月前我丟的那輛一樣。thatas(同一輛自行車)(同樣的自行車，但不是同一輛)19定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞先行詞在句子所做的成分Showtimethatwhichwhomwho人、物物人人主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)whose人、物定語(yǔ)as人、物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)20PS.①關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，因此定語(yǔ)從句中不能再出現(xiàn)關(guān)系代詞所替代的名詞或代詞?！?whom/who/that)昨天晚上我們看的兩部電影非常嚇人Thefilmthat/whichwesawitlastnightwasveryfrightening.Thefilm(that/which)wesawlastnightwasveryfrightening.②關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不能省略，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。那就是你前幾天所提的女孩嗎?Isthatthegirl

youspokeoftheotherday.判斷關(guān)系代詞的步驟steps：21確定先行詞表述的是“人”

還是“物”Step1：找出先行詞看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的語(yǔ)法功能（主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)…）Step2：找到謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（前主謂/介后賓）選擇合適的關(guān)系詞Step3：找到定語(yǔ)從句例句分析22這是一本吸引了很多人的書。(interest)句子主干：這是一本書。Thisisabook.這本書吸引了很多人Thebookinterestsmanypeople.Step1：被限定的名詞，即先行詞為：abook，指代物指代物的關(guān)系詞為which/thatStep2：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為interest賓語(yǔ)：manypeopleStep3：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前缺失主語(yǔ)成分，先行詞=關(guān)系詞，abook，指代物，作主語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞為which/that，三單主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞為三單which/thatinterestsmanypeople關(guān)系代詞既作主語(yǔ)又作引導(dǎo)詞Thisisabookwhich/thatinterestsmanypeople.猜一猜！看誰(shuí)反應(yīng)快!CompetitionTheman_________cametoourschoolisMr.Wang.Thegirl_________________ImetisLucy.Achild_______parentsaredeadiscalledTom.Ilikethebook____________youboughtyesterday.Weshallneverforgetthedays____________wespenttogether.Iliketheperson_________youjusttalked.Ihavearoom________windowfacessouth.Roseistheperson

youshouldcareabout.Iknowtheperson____________housewastotallydestroyedintheearthquake.who,thatwhom,that,who,/whosethat,which,/that,which,/towhomwhose用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空whom,that,who,/whoseTips只能用that不用which的情況只用which不用that的情況只用who的情況表所有關(guān)系及整體中的一部分或全部時(shí)，用介詞of,有時(shí)可用whose轉(zhuǎn)換。04(1)先行詞為all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much

等不定代詞時(shí)。Iamsureshehassomething_____

youcanborrow.(2)先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修飾時(shí)。I’vereadallthebooks_____youlendme.1、只能用that不用which的情況(that)thatDoyouhaveanything_____youdon’tunderstand?(that)Pleasesendusanyinformation_____youhaveaboutthesubject.that(3)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。Thisisthefirstbook_____hehasread.(that)Itisthemostbeautifulcity_____I’veeverseen.that(4)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾時(shí)。Thisistheverybook

_____

belongstohim.thatHeistheonlyperson_____waspresentatthetime.that(6)先行詞是who或which引導(dǎo)的主句。

(7)先行詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)(5)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。Thefamouswriterandhisworks_____theradiobroadcastarepopulartothestudents.thatthatthatthatWho

isthegirl_____

drovethecar?Thevillageisnolongertheone______itusedtobe.Heisnolongertheboy______heusedtobe.Which

istheT-shirt

fitsmemost?that(1)關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中緊跟介詞作賓語(yǔ)（介詞提前）。2、只用which不用that的情況(2)

在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。

underwhichonwhichwhichTherearemanytrees

theycanhavearest.Thisisthering

shespent1000dollars.Football,

______isaverypopulargame,isplayedallovertheworld.(3)當(dāng)先行詞本身為指示代詞that時(shí)Whataboutthatwhichhadappearedinrecentactivities.那個(gè)怎么樣，在最近的活動(dòng)中出現(xiàn)過(guò).(結(jié)合具體語(yǔ)境看that所指代的是什么)3、只用who的情況One____hasnothingtofeardarestotellthetruth.Theones____laughatthedisabledarenotgoodstudents.Anyone____failstofinishthetaskshouldbepunished.Those____wanttogotoTheGreatWallsighuphere.whowhowhowho先行詞是one,ones,anyone,those時(shí)用who.4、定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致31

關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式根據(jù)_________的形式確定.Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhousesthat______builtclosetoeachother.I'mfondofthatPieceofmusicwhich_______popularwiththeteenage.先行詞areis

oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句(復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ))

theonlyoneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句(單數(shù)謂語(yǔ))2Heisoneofthestudentswho________agoodcommandofFrench.他是精通法語(yǔ)的學(xué)生之ー。(thestudents為先行詞)Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho___________agoodcommandofFrench.他是學(xué)生中唯一精通法語(yǔ)的。(theonlyone為先行詞)havehas4、

表所有關(guān)系及整體中的一部分或全部時(shí)，用介詞of,

有時(shí)可用whose轉(zhuǎn)換。I’mpaintingahouse__________isround.2)Theyliveinahouse,_______windowsfacesouth.Theyliveinahouse,thewindows_________facesouth.ofwhichwhoseofwhichwhoseroof1)I’mpaintingahouse,theroof_________isround.引導(dǎo)詞用錯(cuò).如：Thebookwhichcoverisgreenwaslostyesterday.(應(yīng)改為______)語(yǔ)序用錯(cuò).如：IsthereanythingelsethatcanIdoforyou?(應(yīng)改為______)無(wú)先行詞如：Isthismuseum_____youvisitedlastSaturday?(應(yīng)該填________)

Isthisthemuseum______wevisitedlastSaturday?

(應(yīng)該填________)4.關(guān)系詞代替的成分在從句中又出現(xiàn)。如：

Doyouknowtheboywhom/who/thatItalkedwithhimjustnow?(應(yīng)改為______)whoseIcantheonethat定語(yǔ)從句常犯的問(wèn)題him/Areyouclearnow?

OK.Let’sdosomeexercise!Completeeachsentencewiththat,which,who,whose,whom,or“/”

ThentranslatethesentencesintoChinese.361.Herearesomeofthepeople______homesweredestroyedbythetyphoon.2.Theterribleshakingofthebuildingwokeupallthepeople__________wereasleep.3.Thenextday,peopleputupsheltersintheopenairusinganything_________theycouldfind.4.Severaldayslater,mostofthebuildings_____________hadbeendamagedbythehurricanewererepaired.5.Theinjuredboy________motherwaslostinthedisasterwastakentothehospital.6.Thewomanwroteathank-youlettertothesoldierby________shewasrescued.7.Isthistheyoungboy_____________savedseveralotherstudentstrappedunderbuildings.that或whichthat或/who或thatwhosewho或thatwhomwhoseRelativeAdverb

關(guān)系副詞37時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因Itwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically.那是一個(gè)人們?cè)诘乩砩媳环珠_的時(shí)代。BeijingistheplacewhereIwasborn.北京是我出生的地方。Isthisthereasonwhyherefusedtoofferhelp.這是他拒絕幫忙的理由嗎？關(guān)系副詞有什么作用？如果定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)位和賓語(yǔ)位都被占，則關(guān)系詞不能為關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞when:先行詞為表示時(shí)間的名詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；如：day,time,holiday,year,times(時(shí)代),period(期間),point(時(shí)刻)等；when?？梢蕴鎿Q成during/on/in/atwhichBythetime_______youarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.當(dāng)你到達(dá)倫敦的時(shí)候，我們?cè)谀抢镆呀?jīng)待了兩個(gè)星期。Eachtime________hegoesonabusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrushetc.他每次出差都帶著生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等其他東西。定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)位已占謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)位已占when定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)位已占謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)位已占when關(guān)系副詞where:先行詞為表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)；如：place,school,hotel,city,country,factory,park,yard等；where?？梢蕴鎿Q成

on/in/atwhichIstillremembertheplace________Imetherforthefirsttime.我仍然記得我第一次見(jiàn)到她的地方。That’sthehotel________wearestayingnextweek.這就是我們下周要住的旅館。Thisisthevillage_________hewasborn.這就是他出生的村子。where先行詞定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)已占,而且stay為不及物先行詞先行詞wherewhere定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)已占,而且“出生”后面不能帶賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)位和賓語(yǔ)位已占關(guān)系副詞why:先行詞為reason，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)；why常可以替換成forwhichWedon’tknowthereason_________hedidn’tshowup.我們不知道他為什么沒(méi)有來(lái)。Shedidn’ttellmethereason_________sherefusedtheoffer.她沒(méi)跟我講她拒絕這項(xiàng)工作的原因。定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)位和賓語(yǔ)位已占whywhy先行詞先行詞定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)位已占,showup為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)Themainreason________helosthisjobwasthathedrank.他丟掉工作的原因是他酗酒。Wealldidn'tbelievethereason_____________heexplainedtous.我們都不相信他向我們解釋的那個(gè)原因。注意辨析先行詞先行詞定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)位已占,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞explained為及物動(dòng)詞，先行詞在explained后作賓語(yǔ)whywhich/that定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)位和賓語(yǔ)位已占將介詞+先行詞還原到定語(yǔ)從句中Doyouremembertheday____________________youjoinedthesingingclub？你還記得你加入唱歌俱樂(lè)部的那一天嗎？先行詞定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)位和賓語(yǔ)位已占when/onwhichyoujoinedthesingingclubontheday,在先行詞前加介詞on，作定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

將介詞+先行詞還原到定語(yǔ)從句中Thisisthehouse__________________Ilivedtwoyearsago.這是我兩年前住過(guò)的房子。先行詞定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)位已占，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞live為不及物動(dòng)詞where/inwhich還原定語(yǔ)從句為Ilivedinthehouse在先行詞前加介詞in，作定語(yǔ)從句的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)

定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞將介詞+先行詞還原到定語(yǔ)從句中Thebossacceptedthereason________________hewasnotavailableforthemeeting.老板接受了他沒(méi)有參加會(huì)議的原因。先行詞定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)位和賓語(yǔ)位已占why/forwhichhewasnotavailableforthemeetingforthereason在先行詞前加介詞for，作定語(yǔ)從句的原因狀語(yǔ)

Thosedays________________youcouldtravelwithoutapassporthasgone.那些你不用帶護(hù)照可以旅行的日子一去不復(fù)返了。That`sthemotel________________westayedseveralyearsago.那是我們?cè)S多年以前住過(guò)的汽車旅館。Thehouse_______________Iboughthasalovelygarden.我買的房子帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園。Thehouse_______________I'mlivinghasalovelygarden.我住房子帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園。Givemeonegoodreason_______________Ishouldhelpyou.給我一個(gè)我應(yīng)該幫助你的充分的理由。when/onwhichwhere/atwhichthat/whichwhere/inwhichwhy/forwhich根據(jù)漢義用定語(yǔ)從句補(bǔ)全句子1.Therearemanyreasons________________________________.(人們學(xué)習(xí)一門外語(yǔ)的）2.Hecouldn'tremembertheplace______________________(他藏錢的).3.Areyoutheperson_________________________(他們正在尋找的).4.Fortheyoungpeople____________________________(想出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的)ourschoolisagoodchoice.5.Thedays___________________________________(中國(guó)人被人看不起的)aregone.6.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyears,hereturnedtothesmalltown________________(他長(zhǎng)大的)asachild.7.Thisisthereason______________________________.(他開會(huì)遲到的)whypeoplelearnaforeignlanguagewherehehidthemoneywhomtheyarelookingforwhowanttogoabroadtostudywhenChinesewerelookeddownuponwherehegrewupwhyhewaslateforthemeetingUnderlinetheclausesinthesentencesanddecidewhethertheyarerestrictiverelativeclausesorobjectclauses.1.ThereasonwhyhefoundGermansodifficultwasbecauseofitsgrammar.2.A:Haveyoudecidedwhereweshouldgoforourholidayyet?B:Afterlearningfortwoyears,IreallywanttovisitacountrywhereFrenchisspoken.3.Accordingtoanoldstory,therewasonceatimewhenthewholeworldspokeonlyonelanguage.4.ThispassageintroduceshowChinesecharactershavechangedovertime.arestrictiverelativeclausearestrictiverelativeclausearestrictiverelativeclauseanobjectclauseanobjectclause要點(diǎn)：名詞后跟定語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)詞后跟賓語(yǔ)從句PractiseFillintheblanks:(usingrelativespronouns)Therewasatyphoon______attackedHuzhouonOct.7th