【講座】高中英語概要寫作視角分享

高中英語概要寫作視角分享1本題總分為25分，按5個(gè)檔次給分。評(píng)分時(shí)，先根據(jù)所寫概要的內(nèi)容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要去來衡量、確定或調(diào)整檔次，最后給分。詞數(shù)少于40的和多于80的，從總分中減去2分。評(píng)分時(shí)，應(yīng)主要從以下四個(gè)方面考慮...拼寫與標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是語言準(zhǔn)確性的一個(gè)重要方面，評(píng)分時(shí)，應(yīng)視其對(duì)交際的影響程度予以考慮。如書寫較差以致影響交際，可將分?jǐn)?shù)降低一個(gè)檔次。1④評(píng)分時(shí)，應(yīng)主要從以下四個(gè)方面考慮：對(duì)原文要點(diǎn)的理解和呈現(xiàn)情況；應(yīng)用語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的準(zhǔn)確性；上下文的連貫性；對(duì)各要點(diǎn)表達(dá)的獨(dú)立性情況。檔次描述第五檔(21-25)—理解準(zhǔn)確，涵蓋全部要點(diǎn)?！軠?zhǔn)確使用相應(yīng)的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯?！行У厥褂昧苏Z句間的連接成分，使所完成的概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊?！耆褂米约旱恼Z言。

整體閱讀提煉歸納解讀文本大Passage理解準(zhǔn)確，涵蓋全部要點(diǎn)。小Passage—能準(zhǔn)確使用相應(yīng)的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯?！行У厥褂昧苏Z句間的連接成分，使所完成的概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊?！耆褂米约旱恼Z言。12UPW要點(diǎn)守恒擴(kuò)詞成句壓縮文本提煉關(guān)鍵詞WS增色添彩連句成篇SP2—理解準(zhǔn)確，涵蓋全部要點(diǎn)?！軠?zhǔn)確使用相應(yīng)的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯。—有效地使用了語句間的連接成分,使結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊?！耆褂米约旱恼Z言?！行У厥褂昧苏Z句間的連接成分,使結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。第一步PW整體閱讀怎么找？直接提取法間接整合法直接間接混合法找什么？transitionalwordskeywords回視語篇詞拼圖還原語篇主要脈絡(luò)

第一步PW之直接提取法[例1]（節(jié)選自2013年北京卷·閱讀理解C篇）

Thephenomenonoftrackingcelebritieshasbeenaroundforages.Inthe4thcenturyB.C.,paintersfollowedAlexandertheGreatintobattle,hopingtopicturehisvictoriesforhisadmirers.WhenCharlesDickensvisitedAmericainthe19thcentury,hissold-outreadingsattractedthousandsoffans,leadinghimtocomplainabouthislackofprivacy.Tabloidsofthe1920sand1930sranarticlesaboutfilm-starsinmuchthesamewaythatmoderntabloidsandwebsitesdo.

第一步PW之間接整合法[例2]（節(jié)選自2014年四川卷·閱讀理解E篇）

Generally,peoplebelievethatthehormoneoxytocinisletoutinourbodyinvarioussocialsituationsandourbodycreatesalargeamountofitduringpositivesocialinteractionssuchasfallinginloveorgivingbirth.ButinapreviousexperimentProfessorRyanfoundthatthehormoneisalsoletoutinourbodyduringnegativesocialinteractionssuchasenvy.

第一步PW之直接間接混合法[例3]（節(jié)選自Module6Unit2Poems）

Therearevariousreasonswhypeoplewritepoetry.Somepoemstellastoryordescribesomethinginawaythatwillgiveastrongimpression.Otherstrytoconveycertainemotions.Poetsusemanydifferentformsofpoetrytoexpressthemselves.

第二步

WS要點(diǎn)守恒簡單句：同義替換復(fù)合句：詞的精確句的達(dá)意第二步WS之同義替換[例1]（節(jié)選自2013年北京卷·閱讀理解C篇）

Thetrackingproblemfacedbycelebritieshasalonghistory.Peoplehavebeencrazyabout/obsessedwith

chasingcelebritiesforalongtime.Thecrazeforfollowingcelebritiesstartedlongago.trackingcelebritiesforages.Inthe4thcenturyB.C.,inthe19thcentury,the1920sand1930s

第二步WS之同義替換[例2]（節(jié)選自2014年四川卷·閱讀理解E篇）Thehormoneoxytocinisreleasedinnegativeaswellaspositivesocialcontacts.

Generally,thehormoneoxytocinletoutpositiveButnegativesocialinteractions

[例3]（節(jié)選自Module6Unit2Poems）

reasonswritepoetry.SomedescribeOthersconveycertainemotions.第二步WS之同義替換Peoplecomposepoemsfordifferentpurposes,somedescriptivewhileothersemotional.Poemsstemfrompeople'sintentions

of

sharingstoriesorfeelings.Poetryspringsfrompeople'sdesirestodepictthings,ortoportrayemotions.

[例3]（節(jié)選自Module6Unit2Poems）

reasonswritepoetry.SomedescribeOthersconveycertainemotions.第二步WS之同義替換Peoplewrite

poemsofvariousformstogivetheirpersonalaccountsofsomethingorconveytheirfeelings.

——2016.4.22湖州中學(xué)省教研員葛炳芳老師縮寫版本句內(nèi)連接（要點(diǎn)內(nèi)部）（1）詞連接（2）句型連接（3）語法結(jié)構(gòu)連接要點(diǎn)守恒簡單句：同義替換復(fù)合句：詞的精確句的達(dá)意同義替換

第二步

WS第二步WS之句內(nèi)連接（要點(diǎn)內(nèi)部）[例4]（節(jié)選自2013年北京卷·閱讀理解C篇）

Althoughbeingfamousmightsoundlikeadreamcometrue,today’sstars,feelinglikezooanimals,facepressuresthatfewofuscanimagine.Theyareatthecenterofmuchoftheworld’sattention.Paparazzicampoutsidetheirhomes,camerasready.Tabloidspublishthrillingstoriesabouttheirpersonallives.Justimaginenotbeingabletodoanythingwithoutbeingphotographedorinterruptedforasignature.AccordingtopsychologistChristinaVillarreal，celebrities－famouspeople－worryconstantlyabouttheirpublicappearance.Eventually，theystarttolosetrackofwhotheyreallyare，seeingthemselvesthewaytheirfansimaginethem，notasthepeopletheywerebeforeeveryoneknewtheirnames.“Overtime,”Villarrealsays,“theyfeelseparatedandalone.”第二步WS之句內(nèi)連接:詞連接

thecenterofattentioncelebritiesworrypublicappearacnelosetrack

Celebritiesarethefocusofmuchattention.Theyareveryconcernedabouttheirpublicimageandstarttolosetheirownidentity.Sincecelebritiesarethefocusofmuchattentionandareoverlyconcernedabouttheirpublicimage,theystarttolosetheirownidentity.andthus;asaresult/consequence;consequently...第二步WS之句內(nèi)連接:句型連接

Celebritiesarethefocusofmuchattention.Theyareveryconcernedabouttheirpublicimageandstarttolosetheirownidentity.Asthefocusofmuchattention,notonlyarecelebritiesoverlyconcernedabouttheirpublicimage,buttheyalsostarttolosethemselves.Asthefocusofmuchattention,celebritiesaresoconcernedabouttheirpublicimagethattheyevenstarttolosethemselvesontheroadtofame.第二步WS之句內(nèi)連接:語法結(jié)構(gòu)連接

Celebritiesarethefocusofmuchattention.Theyareveryconcernedabouttheirpublicimageandstarttolosetheirownidentity.Celebrities,thefocusofmuchattention,areparticularlyattentivetotheirpublicimage,someevenlosingtheirtrueselves.Chasedaroundnearlyallthetime,celebrities,whostrivetoliveuptothepublicexpectations,evengetlostontheroadtofame.第三步SP句際連接（要點(diǎn)與要點(diǎn)之間）（1）增加連接詞（2）采用連接句（3）應(yīng)用篇章結(jié)構(gòu)語篇同構(gòu)銜接自然行文流暢第三步SP連接之增加連接詞邏輯關(guān)系連接詞表轉(zhuǎn)折yet;but;while;however;nevertheless;whereas;although;though;despitethefactthat;inspiteof;onthecontrary;ontheotherhand;evenso;incontrast;instead;unlike;differentfrom;...表因果therefore;so;asaresult/consequence;consequently;hence;thus;accordingly;inthisway;becauseof;dueto;thanksto;owingto...表遞進(jìn)what'smore;what'sworse;worsestill;besides;inaddition;moreover;also;furthermore;notonly...butalso;too...to表總結(jié)inshort;inbrief;briefly;tosumup;onthewhole;inconclusion;inaword...其他副詞hopefully;sadly;(un)fortunately;surprisingly...

[例5]（節(jié)選自2014年新課標(biāo)I卷·閱讀理解A篇）

Atypicalliontamerinpeople’smindisanentertainerholdingawhipandachair.Thewhipgetalloftheattention,butit’smostlyforshow.Inreality,it’sthechairthatdoestheimportantwork.Whenaliontamerholdsachairinfrontofthelion’sface,theliontriestofocusonallfourlegsofthechairatthesametime.Withitsfocusdivided,thelionbecomesconfusedandisunsureaboutwhattodonext.Whenfacedwithsomanyoptions,thelionchoosestofreezeandwaitinsteadofattackingthemanholdingthechair.Howoftendoyoufindyourselfinthesamepositionasthelion?Howoftendoyouhavesomethingyouwanttoachieve(e.g.loseweight,startabusiness,travelmore)–onlytoendupconfusedbyalloftheoptionsinfrontofyouandnevermakeprogress?Thisupsetsmetonoendbecausewhilealltheexpertsarebusydebatingaboutwhichoptionisbest,thepeoplewhowanttoimprovetheirlivesareleftconfusedbyalloftheconflictinginformation.Theendresultisthatwefeellikewecan’tfocusorthatwe’refocusedonthewrongthings,andsowetakelessaction,makelessprogress,andstaythesamewhenwecouldbeimproving.第三步SP連接之采用連接句Infaceofthefourlegsofawavingchair,alionstaysstill,unabletodecidewhichonetoconcentrateon,________________________________.Whenconfrontedwithnumerouschoices,peopletendtoshrinkback,makingnoadvances.第三步SP連接之采用連接句asisoftenthecasewithhumans[例6]（選自2015年廣東卷·閱讀理解C篇）DanielAnderson,afamouspsychologist,believesit’simportanttodistinguishtelevision’sinfluencesonchildrenfromthoseofthefamily.WetendtoblameTV,hesays,forproblemsitdoesn’treallycause,overlookingourownrolesinshapingchildren’sminds.Onetraditionalbeliefabouttelevisionisthatitreducesachild’sabilitytothinkandtounderstandtheworld.WhilewatchingTV,childrendonotmerelyabsorbwordsandimages.Instead,theylearnbothexplicitandhiddenmeaningsfromwhattheysee.Actually,childrenlearnearlythepsychologyofcharactersinTVshows.Furthermore,asmanyteachersagree,childrenunderstandfarmorewhenparentswatchTVwiththem,explainingnewwordsandideas.Yet,mostparentsuseaneducationalprogramasachancetoparktheirkidsinfrontofthesetanddosomethinginanotherroom.Anotherargumentagainsttelevisionisthatitreplacesreadingasaformofentertainment.ButaccordingtoAnderson,theamountoftimespentwatchingtelevisionisnotrelatedtoreadingability.TVdoesn’ttaketheplaceofreadingformostchildren;ittakestheplaceofsimilarsortsofrecreation,suchaslisteningtotheradioandplayingsports.Thingslikeparents’educationalbackgroundhaveastrongerinfluenceonachild’sreading.“Achild’sreadingabilityisbestpredictedbyhowmuchaparentreads.”Andersonsay