【學(xué)案與測評】高中英語 語法篇專題10 定語從句課件 人教

專題十定語從句用一個句子作定語，此句子叫作定語從句。定語從句位于被它修飾的名詞或代詞之后。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞可分為關(guān)系代詞（who,whom,whose,which,that)和關(guān)系副詞(when,where,why)關(guān)系詞都充當(dāng)從句的某個成分，它所替代的相應(yīng)成分應(yīng)省去。在定語從句中，當(dāng)who,which,that作主語時，謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。非限制性定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系不如限制性定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系緊密，沒有它，主句的意思也清楚，因此用逗號隔開。關(guān)系詞在非限制性定語從句中的用法與在限制性定語從句中的用法基本一樣。八大關(guān)系詞用法表who,whose,whom,that先行詞是人時：從句中缺少主語用who；從句中缺少賓語用whom；從句中的主語缺少定語用whose；that可替換who和whom，作從句的主語或賓語。Thegirlwho/thatbecameanursetwoyearsagoismycousin.(who/that作定語從句的主語)Hawkingisthedisabledscientistwhom/thatwesawinBeijinglastyear.(whom/that作定語從句中saw的賓語)Theboywhosemotherisafamoussingerisalittleactorof7.（whose作定語從句的主語mother的定語。）whichthat

先行詞是物時：從句中缺少主語或賓語用which；從句中主語缺少定語用whose；that可替換which，作從句的主語或賓語。Theresearchwhich/thatwascarriedonforyearswasstopped.(which/that作定語從句的主語)Thetopicwhich/thatyouweretalkingaboutisrelatedtogeography.(which/that作定語從句的賓語)Thetwocountrieswhoseboundaryisariverhavebeenkeepingagoodrelationshipforfiftyyears.(whose作定語從句的主語的定語)

where先行詞是地點時：從句中缺少主語或賓語用which/that;不缺少主語或賓語用where,where在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語。ThecompanywhereIamworkingisatransnationalcompany.(where在定語從句中作地點狀語)when先行詞是時間時：從句中缺少主語或賓語用which/that;不缺少主語或賓語用when,when在從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語。Theyearswhich/thatIspentinthecountrysideareunforgettable.(which/that作定從spent的賓語)Themonthswhenwespenttheholidaysbytheseawerepleasant.(when在定語從句中作時間狀語)why先行詞是原因時：從句中缺少主語或賓語用which/that;不缺少主語或賓語用why,why充當(dāng)原因狀語。表原因的先行詞有reason,excuse,explanation等。Idon’tbelievethereasonwhich/thatwasobviouslyanexcuse.(which/that作定語從句的主語)Thisistheexcusewhich/thatshechangedhermindfor.(which/that作定語從句介詞for的賓語)Theremustbesomereasonwhyhemadesuchanabnormaldecision.(定語從句不缺少主語和賓語)【考點一】考查關(guān)系詞的省略whom/which/that作定語從句的賓語時，可以省略。Theperson（whom/that）theyarelookingforisMrWilde.Thetopic（which/that）youweretalkingaboutisrelatedtogeography.【考點二】考查非限制性定語從句1.引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時，只能用which（不用that）。除which外，還可用when，where，who（m）等關(guān)系代、副詞引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。Lisaisanamateuractress,whoactedanimportantpartinafilm.Thisisakeyseniorhighschool,whereIspentthreeyears.FinallyIdecidedtostayinChongqing，whereIfinishedmycollegestudy．2.引導(dǎo)詞which可以指前面整個句子的含義。Lilystayeduplateintothenight,whichmadehermotheranxious.3.在限定性定語從句中作賓語時，引導(dǎo)詞可以省略，但引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句的連詞不能省。Hewaseagertogotothehospitaltoseehisstepmother，whomhelovedashisownmother．4.置于句首時，非限制性定語從句只能用as引導(dǎo)，而置于句末時as和which都可以。但是當(dāng)非限定性定語從句是否定意義時，只能用which引導(dǎo)。Theelephantislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.=Asanybodycansee,theelephantislikeasnake.【即學(xué)即練】單項填空①Sheheardtheterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth．A.itB.whichC.thisD.that解析：選B。which指代前面的先行詞noise，引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，并在從句中作主語。②Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay，________，ofcourse，madetheothersunhappy．A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what解析：選B。which指代前面的整個句子，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。③_______isknowntoall，Chinawillbeanandpowerfulcountryin20or30yearstime.That；advancingB.This；advancedC.As；advancedD.It；advancing解析：選C。置于句首時，非限制性定語從句只能用as引導(dǎo)。advanced先進的；advancing年事漸高的。④Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood，______wasmorethanwecouldexpect．A.whatB.whichC.thatD.if解析：選B。句中morethan的本意為“超過”，“超過了我們的預(yù)料”。which指代前面的整個句子。【考點三】關(guān)系代詞that或which指物時，宜用that而不用which的情況1.先行詞為all,much,little,none,few,one,something,anything等不定代詞時。Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou,Mum?(that作賓語時可省略)Ishalldoall(that)Icantohelpyou.(thatIcan是定語從句,修飾all；tohelpyou是動詞不定式作目的狀語)2.先行詞被形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞等修飾或被only,any,few,much,little,no,all,oneof等修飾時。Muchmoneythathadbeendonatedwassenttothedisasterarea.Thisisthemostinterestingbook(that)Ihaveeverread.Youaretheverykindofperson(that)wehavebeenlookingfor.3.先行詞是人和物共用時只能用that。Hewaslookingpleasantlyatthechildrenandparcelsthatfilledhisbus.Theoldmanandhisdogthatlivenearherearestrollinginthepark.4.當(dāng)主句中含有疑問詞which時。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?5.先行詞在主句中作表語，或關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時。Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwas5yearsago.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.6.當(dāng)主句是therebe句型時，修飾其主語的定語從句宜用that指代物。Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.7.在一個句子中有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用了which,另一個定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用that。Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.【考點四】考查關(guān)系代詞宜用which而不用that的情況1.在非限制性定語從句中。Bambooishollow,whichmakesitlight.2.在關(guān)系詞前有介詞時。ThisistheroominwhichChairmanMaooncelived.3.當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時。Theclockisthatwhichcantellusthetime.4.當(dāng)關(guān)系詞離從句較遠時。HereistheEnglishgrammarwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.5.在一個句子中有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用了that,另一個宜用which。LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.【考點五】考查關(guān)系代詞who與that指人時，也有不同情況分別用不同的關(guān)系詞1.當(dāng)主句是therebe句型時，關(guān)系詞用who指代人。There’sagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.2.先行詞為anyone,those,someone,everyone,one等詞時，關(guān)系詞用who。ThepersonIwanttolearnfromisonewhostudieshardandworkswell.3.當(dāng)主句是who作疑問詞時，關(guān)系詞用that。Whoisthatgirlthatisstandingbythewindow?4.一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是that,另一個宜用who以避免重復(fù)。Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday’smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.【考點六】考查介詞提前1.whom/which作介詞的賓語時，介詞可提到whom/which之前，此時whom/which不能省略，也不能用that替換。TheladytowhomyouspokelastWednesdayisPaul’swife.IhaveatelescopewithwhichIcanobservethestarsinspace.2.如如果果被提提前的的是一一個介介詞短短語，，應(yīng)把把整個個介詞詞短語語提前前，不不能拆拆開。。如果果被提提前的的是一一個動動詞短短語，，介詞詞不能能提前前。Iboughtamapaccordingtowhichwecanfindthedestination.Themantheyreferredtojustnowisapromisingperson.=Themanwhom/thattheyreferredtojustnowisapromisingperson.LeiFeng，，fromwhomwehaveoncelearnedalot，isnowanexampletothesoldiersofWestPointMilitarySchool（西西點軍軍校））ofAmerica.關(guān)關(guān)系代代詞前前的介介詞from，，與從從句的的謂語語動詞詞learn構(gòu)構(gòu)成習(xí)習(xí)慣表表達learnfrom（（向………學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)））【即學(xué)學(xué)即練練】單項填填空⑤IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5：：30pm________，manypeoplehavegonehome．．解析:選D。bywhichtime即by““after5：：30”““到五五點三三十分分以后后”。。介詞詞的選選擇取取決于于這個個介詞詞與先先行詞詞或從從句之之間的的關(guān)系系。【考點七】】關(guān)系副詞詞與關(guān)系代代詞的轉(zhuǎn)換換1.where=in/at+whichTheBermudaTriangle(which/that)manyshipsdisappearedinisamysteriousplace.=TheBermudaTriangleinwhich/wheremanyshipsdisappearedisamysteriousplace.2.when=in/on/at/during+whichThetime(which/that)thefootballmatchbeginsatiseighto’clock.=Thetimeatwhich/whenthefootballmatchbeginsiseighto’’clock.3.whose=ofwhich/whom+the+物/人=the+物/人+ofwhich/whomofwhich/whom前還可以以加形容詞詞最高級、、數(shù)詞、不不定代詞等等。Tibet,whosesceneryisratherunique,isasummerresort.=Tibet,ofwhichthescenery/thesceneryofwhichisratherunique,isasummerresort.Thetourists,ofwhomtheeldestis70/theeldestofwhomis70,arefromSingapore.Isawthreefilmsthismonth,twoofwhichwereveryinteresting.4.why=forwhichThereason(which/that)he’sabsentfromthemeetingforisnotclear.=Thereasonforwhich/whyhe’sabsentfromthemeetingisnotclear.【即學(xué)即練練】單項填空⑥AfterlivinginParisfor50yearshereturnedtothesmalltown_______hegrewupasachild．A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when解析：選B。因為表表地點的先先行詞thesmalltown在從句中中作狀語；；當(dāng)表地點點的先行詞詞在從句中中作主、賓賓、表語時時，則要用用that或which引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)定語從句句。⑦IshallneverforgettheyearsIlivedinthecountrysidewiththefarmers，，hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that；whichB.when；whichC.which；thatD.when；who解析：選B。when在定語語從句中作作時間狀語語；which引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)非限制性性定語從句句?！究键c八】】分裂式定定語從句定語從句被被一個詞、、短語等與與先行詞隔隔開時，叫叫分裂式定定語從句。。為避免頭頭重腳輕，，可把修飾飾主語的定定語從句置置于謂語之之后。Iboughtahousewithagardeninfront,whereIcangrowflowers.(定語語從句被介介詞短語infront與與先行詞隔隔開)DoyourememberthesnowynighttenyearsagowhenIgothere?(定語語從句被詞詞組tenyearsago與先先行詞隔開開)【考點九】】than/but/as作作關(guān)系代詞詞的用法1.先行行詞有比較較級修飾時時用than；先行行詞有否定定詞修飾時時用but，表示雙雙重否定，，此時的but=who/which/that...not...Mymotheralwaysgivesmemoremoneythanisneeded.(than作定語Thisyear,thefarmershaveharvestedmoregrainthanwasexpected.(than作定語從句主語)Thereisnotastudentbutwantstogotouniversity.=Thereisnotastudentwho/thatdoesn’twanttogotouniversity.(but作作定語從句主主語)2.先行詞詞有下列詞修修飾時只能用用as,如如：as...as；so...as；such...as；thesame+名詞+as。Youcanbuyasmanybooksasyouwantinthisbookstore.(as作作want的的賓語)SuchcomputersasareusedinourofficearemadeinSouthKorea.(as作定語語從句的主語語)ThisjewelisthesameoneasIshowedyoutheotherday.(as作showed的直接接賓語)ThisjewelisthesameonethatIshowedyoutheotherday.(that作showed的直接賓語語）請注意“thesame+名名詞+as”與“thesame+名名詞+that””的區(qū)別。定語從句是高高中階段的重重點語法項目目之一。因【難點一】定語從句與并列句用一個恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確①MrLihasthreedaughters，noneof_____isanengineer．②MrLihasthreedaughters，butnoneof______isadancer．③MrLihasthreedaughters；______aredoctors．解析：定語從句與并列句的主要區(qū)別在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列連詞或兩個句子用分號連接，這時就不能再用引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞了。從結(jié)構(gòu)上看:①小題是定語從句，故填whom；②小題有并列連詞but，是并列句，故填代詞them；③小題是兩個并列分句，無需連接詞，缺少主語，故填none或they。

【難點二】定語從句與地點狀語從句用一個恰當(dāng)?shù)牡脑~完成下列列句子，使①Ricedoesn’tgrowwell______thereisnotenoughwater．②Istillrememberthefarm______myparentsworkedtenyearsago．解析：定語從句與地點狀語從句的主要區(qū)別在于：定語從句有表示地點的先行詞，而地點狀語從句則沒有；定語從句的關(guān)系詞根據(jù)需要可用“介詞＋which”來代替where，而地點狀語從句則通常只能由where引導(dǎo)。因此，從結(jié)構(gòu)上看:①小題無表示地點的先行詞，故為表示地點的狀語從句，填where；②小題中thefarm是先行詞，是定語從句，故填where，此處的where可用onwhich替換。

【難點三】定語從句與強調(diào)句用一個恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確①ItisonthemorningofMay1st_______ImetLiangWeiattheairport．②Itisthefactory_______MrWangworks．解析：定語從句與強調(diào)句的主要區(qū)別在于：強調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)為“Itis／was＋被強調(diào)部分＋that從句”。被強調(diào)部分可以是除謂語以外的任何成分，當(dāng)被強調(diào)部分是人時，還可用who代替that。這一句型中，一定定不能因為被被強調(diào)部分是是表時間或地地點的詞就用用when或或where代替that。從從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，，①小題是強強調(diào)句，故填填that。此種情況況檢測的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)是：先把強強調(diào)句中的Itis／【難點四】定語從句與結(jié)果狀語從句用一個恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確①Ihavethesamecomputer_______youhave．②Sheissuchakindandfunnygirl______allofusliketomakefriendswithher．解析：定語從句與結(jié)果狀語從句的主要區(qū)別在于（這里只討論thesame...as／that和such...as/that兩種情況）：在這兩種情況下，如果as／that既引導(dǎo)從句，同時又在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，則as／that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句。在thesame．．．a(chǎn)s／that結(jié)構(gòu)中，用as指一樣的，但不是同同一個事物；；用that指同一物品品，故①小題題填as；如如果as／that在從從句中不作任任何成分，只只起連接作用用，則as／／that引引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果果狀語從句，，故②小題填填that。。【難點五】定定語從句與單單句用一個恰當(dāng)?shù)牡脑~完成下列列句子，使之之完整、正確確①Themothertoldthelazyboytowork，______didn’thelp．②Themothertoldthelazyboytowork．______didn’thelp．解析：含有定定語從句的復(fù)復(fù)合句與兩個個單句的主要要區(qū)別在于：：前者有主句句，有從句1.Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool,_____isnamedafterhisgrandfather.(2010·全國I)A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that解析：選A。。定語從句所所修飾的先行行詞是school，它它在定語從句句中作主語，，因此使用關(guān)關(guān)系代詞，選選項中的關(guān)系系代詞只有which和和that，，由于是非限限制性定語從從句，不能使使用that，因此選擇擇A。2.Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething_______wassomeoneelse’’sfault.(2010··全國Ⅱ)A.whoB.thatC.asD.what解析：選B。。不定代詞something作主主語，用that引導(dǎo)。。3.StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet______lifehasdevelopedgradually.（2010·福福建）解析：選B。。先行詞為planet，表示地點點，故用where。4.I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool_______ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.(2010··湖南)解析：選A。。先行詞是前前句中的students，在定語語從句中是met之后的的賓語，student指人，又作作了賓語，所所以選who（也可以是是that或或者可以省省略）。5.Thegirlarrangedtohavepianolessonsatthetrainingcentrewithhersister______shewouldstayforanhour.(2010··江江西西)A.解析：選A。先行詞為centre,shewouldstayforanhour不缺少賓語或主語,故要填狀語,表地點用where。6.Childrenwhoarenotactiveor_______dietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.(2010·北京)A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that解析：選B。第二個定語從句中的主語與先行詞children之間是所屬關(guān)系，故選B。A項中的what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。7.That’sthenewmachine________partsaretoosmalltobeseen.(2010·山東)解析析：：選選C。?？湛崭窀裉幪幰龑?dǎo)導(dǎo)定定語語從從句句并并且且在在從從句句中中作作定定語語使使用用，，所所以以使使用用w8.Theoldtemple______roofwasdamagedinstormisnowunderrepair.(2010·陜西)A.whereB.whichC.itsD.whose解析：選D。先行詞是theoldtemple，關(guān)系詞在從句中作roof的定語，用關(guān)系代詞whose，選D。其余選項與題意不符。9.Aftergraduatingfromcollege，Itooksometimeofftogotraveling，______turnedouttobeawisedecision.(2010·四川)A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where解析：選B。此處應(yīng)為which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，which代替前邊整個句子。10.—CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?—Youshouldtrythebarber’s______Igo.It’sonly15.(2010·天津)A.asB.whichC.whereD.that解析：選C。句中thebarber’s是先行詞，從句中g(shù)o是不及物動詞，所選關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語，所以要用where。11.Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyof_____lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.(2010··浙浙江江)解析析：：選選A。。由由many之之前前的的逗逗號號和和選選項項特特征征，，此此處處是是主主從從句句關(guān)關(guān)系系，，排排除除C、、D兩兩項項。。由由于于先先行行詞詞是是““1,000people””，，表表示示人人，，故故用用whom。。12.InChina,thenumberofcitiesisincreasing______developmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld.(2010··重重慶慶)解析：選C。development與先行詞cities之間是所屬關(guān)系，所以選whose。13.Thenewly-builtcafé,thewallsof______arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,especiallyafterhardwork.（2010·江蘇）A.thatB.itC.whatD.which解析：選D。定語從句中的主語表示的是“咖啡屋的墻”。14.Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy_______wemayreturninthenearfuture.(2010·上海)hich解析析：：選選C。。此此處處考考查查的的是是介介詞詞加加關(guān)關(guān)系系代代詞詞引引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)定定語語從從句句。。=Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergywhich/thatwemayreturn