國(guó)際商法必要性拓展

課堂加油站fighting~AmyJiangLegalEnglishRescindthecontract

撤銷(xiāo)合同

Forcemajeure不可抗力Expectationinterest

期待利益Relianceinterest

信賴?yán)鍾estitutioninterest返還利益Plaintiff/claimant

原告Defendant被告Fundamentalbreach根本違約Anticipationofafundamentalbreach

預(yù)期違約suspensionofperformance中止履行LegalEnglishCivillaw/continentallaw大陸法Caselaw/commonlaw英美法Negotiableinstruments

票據(jù)Internationaltreaty

國(guó)際條約Publiclaw公法Privatelaw私法Offer要約Counteroffer反要約Invitationoffer要約邀請(qǐng)Validity效力Lapseofoffer要約失效Revocationofoffer要約撤銷(xiāo)Withdrawalofoffer要約撤回Acceptance接受/承諾Mitigatedamages降低損失Compelspecificperformance

要求實(shí)際履行Aggrievedparty

利益受損方Suspensionofperformance中止履行Anticipationofafundamentalinterest預(yù)期違約Beentitledto

對(duì)某事享有權(quán)利LegalEnglishDissolution解散Co-ownership共同管理Jointcontribution共同出資Unlimitedliability無(wú)限責(zé)任Shareprofits共享盈利Sharerisks共擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Goodfaith誠(chéng)實(shí)信用Grounds基礎(chǔ)，理由（法律英語(yǔ)中以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)）Judicialdecree法庭判決Partnershipagreement合伙協(xié)議Windup清算Liquidator清算人aninventoryoftheproperty財(cái)產(chǎn)清單Proceedings訴訟claimsanddebts債權(quán)和債務(wù)residualproperty剩余財(cái)產(chǎn)Arbitrations仲裁astatementofassetsandliabilities資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表Agency代理Principal被代理人thethirdparty第三人Fiduciaryduty誠(chéng)信義務(wù)Confidentiality保密obedience遵守Double-agentprohibition禁止雙向代理原則Contingentcompensation權(quán)變報(bào)酬P(guān)rocuringcause引致原因Reimburse/indemnify補(bǔ)償、賠償Directrepresentation直接代理Indirectrepresentation間接代理Disclosedprincipal顯名代理Undisclosedprincipal隱名代理Primaryfactor首要原因Shareholder股東Promoter發(fā)起人Limitedliability有限責(zé)任Commonstock股票Debtsecurity債券Piercingthecorporateveil揭開(kāi)公司神秘面紗Dividend分紅Limitedliabilitycompany有限責(zé)任公司Legalperson法人Registeredcapital注冊(cè)資本Legalrepresentative法定代表人Director董事Supervisor監(jiān)事Branch分公司Subsidiarycompany子公司jointstocklimitedcompany股份有限公司NormalsentencepatterninlegalEnglish1.otherwiseotherwise根據(jù)其搭配主要有如下釋義：除..之外其他在法律英語(yǔ)中，otherwise常和unless連用，或置放在or后使用。還有一種用法是和than一起，常用來(lái)否定句子主語(yǔ)。

Otherwise與unless的搭配，表示除外Inthiscontract,unlessthecontextotherwiserequires,“goods”means

..在本協(xié)議所稱貨物，除條款另有規(guī)定外，是指...Unlessinanyenactmentitisotherwiseprovided..除成文法另有規(guī)定外由此可見(jiàn)，在otherwise和unless搭配使用時(shí)，unless可以放在句首，組成unless+主語(yǔ)+otherwise+謂語(yǔ)Otherwise和

or連用，表示“及其他”的意思。Eg:anoffermaynotberevokedifitexpresslyindicates,whetherbystatingafixedtimeforacceptanceorotherwise,thatitisirrevocable.要約人確定了承諾期限，或者以其他方式明示要約不可撤銷(xiāo)的，要約不可撤銷(xiāo)。Otherwise和than連用，表示“除…方式之外”Eg:nowillshallberevoked

otherwisethan:除以下方式外，任何遺囑不得撤銷(xiāo)2.subjectto該短語(yǔ)在法律英文中一般都跟agreement，section，contract等法律文件名或文件中特定條款名配合使用。通?？煞g成“以??為條件”、“根據(jù)??規(guī)定”、“在符合??的情況下"以及“在不抵觸??下"等。例如：Eg:Thetermsandconditionsshallsubjecttoourfinalconfirmation.條約和約定應(yīng)當(dāng)以我方最終確認(rèn)為準(zhǔn)。Eg:Subjecttothissection,thepaymentshallbe…根據(jù)本條規(guī)定，支付應(yīng)當(dāng)以…3.where引導(dǎo)的條件從句，相當(dāng)于inthecasewhere,意為：凡...Eg:whereadefendantisfinedandthesameisnotforthwithpaid,themagistratemayorderthedefendanttobesearched.凡被告人被判處罰款，但沒(méi)有隨即繳納罰款的，裁判官可命令搜查被告人。Eg:whereapersonstatedintheprecedingparagraph,凡前款所規(guī)定的人員4.forthepurposeof為了..目的Eg:whoever,forthepurposeofillegalpossession,useoneofthefol