布達(dá)拉宮英語(yǔ)介紹 Potala Palace

PotalaPalace

------apearlontheRoofoftheWorldPotalaPalaceWhereisthePotalaPalace?ThemajesticPotalaPalaceisLhasa’smostimposingarchitecturallandmarkandislocatedinthenorthwestcornerofthecity.PotalaPalaceWhatisthefunctionofthePalace?ThePotalaPalacewasthecenterofTibet’sGovernmentandtheDalaiLama’swinterresidence.In1994UNESOlisteditasaWorldCulturalHeritageSite,duetobothitsarchitecturalgrandeurandreligioussignificance.ThePotalaPalaceservesasbothamuseumofBuddhistartandarchitecturallandmark.ItisalsoaproofoftheChinesenation’sunityandintegration.PotalaPalaceHistoryofPotalaPalaceThePotalaPalacewasfirstbuiltnearly1300yearsageduringtheKingSongstenGampo’sresign.IntheearlyTangDynasty(618—907A.D),whenSongtsenGampomarriedtheTangPrincessWencheng,hedecidedtobuildagrandpalacetoaccommodateherandlethisdescendantsremembertheeventHistoryofPotalaPalaceHowever,theoriginalpalacewasdestroyedduetoalighteningstrikeandsucceedingwarfareduringLandama'sreign.InseventeenthcenturyunderthereignoftheFifthDalaiLama,PotalaPalacewasrebuilt.HistoryofPotalaPalaceTheThirteenthDalaiLamaexpandedittotoday'sscale.RecliningagainstandcappingRedHill,thepalaceismorethan117meters(384feet)inheightand360(1180feet)inwidth,occupyingabuildingspaceof360,000squaremeters.Anditismadeoutofstoneandwood.HistoryofPotalaPalaceSincesittingonthetopofRedHillatanelevationofover3700metersthePotalaPalaceisthehighestadministrative,religiousandpoliticalcomplexintheworld.LayoutofPotalaPalaceThepalaceconsistoftheRedPalace,whichisitscentralbuilding,risingabovetheothermainstructure,theWhitePalace,whichformstheeasternpartofthePalace.TheWhitePalaceTheWhitePalaceconsistsofoffices,dormitories,aBuddhistofficialseminaryandaprintinghouse.Fromtheeastentranceofthepalace,paintedwithimagesofFourHeavenlyKings,abroadcorridorupwardsleadstoDeyangSharcourtyard,whichusedtobewhereDalaiLamaswatchedoperas.Aroundthelargeandopencourtyard,thereusedtobeaseminaryanddormitories.TheWhitePalaceWestofthecourtyardistheWhitePalace.Therearethreeladderstairsreachinginsideofit,however,thecentralonewasreservedforonlyDalaiLamasandcentralgovernmentmagistratesdispatchedtoTibet.TheWhitePalaceWestofthecourtyardistheWhitePalace.Therearethreeladderstairsreachinginsideofit,however,thecentralonewasreservedforonlyDalaiLamasandcentralgovernmentmagistratesdispatchedtoTibet.Inthefirsthallway,therearehugemuralsdescribingtheconstructionofPotalaPalaceandJokhangTempleandtheprocessionofPrincessWenchengreachingTibet.TheWhitePalaceTheWhitePalacemainlyservesasthepoliticalheadquarterandDalaiLamas'livingquarters.TheWestChamberofSunshineandtheEastChamberofSunshinelieastheroofoftheWhitePalace.TheybelongedtotheThirteenthDalaiLamaandtheFourteenthDalaiLamarespectively.BeneaththeEastChamberofSunshineisthelargesthallintheWhitePalace,whereDalaiLamasascendedthroneandruledTibet.TheRedPalace.TheRedPalacewasconstructedafterthedeathoftheFifthDalaiLama.ThecenterofthecomplicatedRedPalaceistheGreatWestHall,whichrecordstheGreatFifthDalaiLama'slifebyitsfinemurals.ThesceneofhisvisittoEmperorShunzhiinBeijingin1652isextraordinarilyvivid.

TheRedPalaceThehallhasfouradditionalchapels.ChapelhousesthreegoldstupasoftheFifth,TenthandTwelfthDalaiLamas'.Theirmummifiedandperfumedbodiesarewellkeptinthosestupas.TheWestAmongthethree,theFifthDalaiLama'sstupaisthebiggest,whichismadeofsandalwood,wrappedingoldfoilanddecoratedwiththousandsofdiamonds,pearls,agatesandothersgems.Thestupa,withaheightof14.86meters(49feet),spendsmorethan3,700kilogramsofgold.TheRedPalaceTheNorthChapelcontainsstatuesofSakyamuni,DalaiLamasandMedicineBuddha,andstupasoftheEighth,NinthandEleventhDalaiLamas.AgainstthewallisTanjur(Beijingedition),amostimportantTibetanBuddhistsutrasenttotheSeventhDalaiLamabyEmperorYongzheng.TheRedPalaceTanjur為西藏大藏經(jīng)二藏之一。西藏大藏經(jīng)分為教說翻譯、論著翻譯等兩部，音譯甘珠爾、丹珠爾?！案省币庵^教，“丹”意謂論，“珠爾”則謂翻譯。甘珠爾又稱正藏，丹珠爾則稱副藏、雜藏、續(xù)部等，此系布頓（藏Bu-ston）對(duì)西藏大藏經(jīng)所作獨(dú)特之分類法，其后成為定式。其內(nèi)容包含諸論師之教語(yǔ)、注釋書、密教儀軌、記傳、語(yǔ)言、文字等甘珠爾所未曾網(wǎng)羅者。此外，亦收錄甚多西藏撰述之諸書。《丹珠爾》經(jīng)）長(zhǎng)６３寬１７厘米收藏單位：布達(dá)拉宮管理處POTALAPALACECOLLECTIONTheRedPalaceIntheEastChapelatwometers(6.5feet)highstatueofTsongKhapa宗喀巴,thefounderofGelugpa格魯巴whichisDalaiLama'slineage,isenshrinedandworshippedTheSouthChapeliswhereasilverstatueofPadmasambhavaand8bronzestatuesofhisreincarnationsareenshrined.TheRedPalaceWestoftheGreatWestHalllocatestheThirteenthDalaiLama'sstupahall.SincehewasregardedasgreatastheGreatFifth,peoplestartedtobuildhisstupaafterhisdeathinthefallof1933.Takingthreeyears,thestupaiscomparablewiththeGreatFifth'sstupa.Itis14meters(46feet)inheight,coatedwithaton(2200pounds)ofgoldfoils.TheRedPalaceInfrontofitisamandala曼荼羅madeofmorethan200,000pearlsandothergems.Muralsinthehalltellimportanteventsinhislife,includinghisvisitwithEmperorGuangxu.ThehighesthallofPotalawasbuiltin1690.ItusedtobetheholyshrineofChineseEmperors.薩松朗杰(意為勝界）DalaiLamaswouldcomeherewithhisofficialsandhighlamastoshowtheirrespectstothecentralgovernmentannuallybefore.TheRedPalaceDharmaCaveandtheSaint'sChapel曲結(jié)竹秋和帕巴拉康aretheonlystructuresleftwhichwerebuiltinseventhcentury.TheybothliecentraloftheRedPalace.DharmaCaveissaidtobetheplacewhereKingSongtsenGampoproceededhisreligiouscultivation.Insidethecave,statuesofSongtsen