大學(xué)英語 課件1：unit8讀寫譯

NUIT8CreativitySECTIONABirthofBrightIdeasSECTIONBWaysofIncreasingCreativityObjectives1.Gettoknowhowtheunconsciousmindhelpstogivebirthtobrilliantideas.2.Learntobenefitfromthewaysofincreasingcreativity.3.Usenewwordsandphrasestotalkaboutsometext-relatedtopics.4.Graspsomegrammaticalpoints.B1-Unit8StructureSurveyBlankFillingI.StructureSurvey

Subject:____________________________Inspirationscomefromtheunconscious.Example①Example②Example③RichardWagnerHenriPoincareDescartesAccordingtotheauthor,goodideascome

from__________________,a_____________

termusedtodescribe________________thatremainunknowntotheindividual.2)Manyofthegreatcreativepersonalities

experienced___________________________inanintensifiedformandhavewrittenitdownintheirlifestoriesandletters.theunconsciouspsychologicalmentalprocessesthesuddenarrivalofanewideaII.BlankFilling3)RichardWagner,thegreatGerman_________,

hadbeenoccupiedwiththeideaofcomposing

theopeningto“Rhinegold”forseveralyears.

Whenatlasttheorchestralopening,forwhich

his____________mindhadbeenseekingforso

long,tookshapewithinhim,his_________mind

atthemomentofcreationknew________ofthe

actualprocessbywhichthesolutionwasfound.

Anewideamay______poserunconsciousconsciousnothingflash4)ThediscoveryofFuchsianFunctionsby

HenriPoincareshowsthatthe_________

mindmay_______the___________mindatwork.5)Itwas_________thatDescartes,thefamous

Frenchphilosopher,discoveredthekeypoint

inhis__________—cogitoergosum,which

means____________________inEnglish.consciousobserveunconsciousinadreamphilosophyIthink;therefore,Iexist學(xué)校的一個(gè)重要任務(wù)就是要幫助和促進(jìn)學(xué)生個(gè)性的形成。Oneofthemostimportanttasksforaschoolistohelpandpromoteformingastudent’spersonality.1.形成一個(gè)好的觀點(diǎn)toformagoodidea(L.1)活學(xué)活用Back上一頁下一頁沒必要現(xiàn)在就做決定,為什么不先回家好好想想明天再說呢?2.暫時(shí)不作決定

tosleepon…(L.2)活學(xué)活用Thereisnoneedtomakeadecisionnow;whydon’tyougohomeandsleeponit?Back上一頁下一頁1)Agoodideaflashedintohermind.flashv.

(L2):①(ofanidea)comesuddenly②tomoveveryfast;topasssuddenly2)ThecarflashedbysoquicklythatIcouldnot

seethecarnumber.e.g.3.上天的恩賜

toarriveasagiftfromthegods(L.3)Aslongasyouclingtoyourstruggletowardyourgoal,happinesswillarriveintimeasagiftfromthegods.

活學(xué)活用只要你朝著自己的目標(biāo)堅(jiān)持不懈地進(jìn)取，上帝總會(huì)將幸福降臨于你。

Back上一頁下一頁Ofcourse,

all

ideas

don’t

occurlikethatbutsomanydo,particularlythemostimportantones.(L4)Note部分否定:代詞all與not搭配使用時(shí),表示部分否定,意為“并非都是,不是每個(gè)都是”等。(examples)1.33334441當(dāng)然，并非所有的思想都是這樣產(chǎn)生的，但許多思想的產(chǎn)生確實(shí)如此，尤其是那些最為重要的思想。

Allisnotgoldthatglitters.Allthatglittersisnotgold.發(fā)光的并非都是金子。②

Opportunitiescometoall,butallarenot

readyforthemwhentheycome.機(jī)會(huì)是均等的，人人都有，但不見得在機(jī)會(huì)到來時(shí)人人都能準(zhǔn)備好去接受它。e.g.①Whichtranslationiscorrect?這兩部電影我都不喜歡。Idon’tlikebothofthefilms.Ilikeneitherofthefilms.英語中表示全部否定時(shí)常用等詞。no,none,nobody,nothing,neither,never,nowhereNote除了all之外,可與not搭配構(gòu)成部分否定結(jié)構(gòu)的代詞還有:等,這種結(jié)構(gòu)往往構(gòu)成翻譯陷阱。

Everybodycannotenjoysymphonies.并非每個(gè)人都能欣賞交響樂。e.g.both,every,everybody,everyone,many，everythingIntheprogram“ArtsandLife”,ChenKaigedescribedhisgrowingprocessunknowntothepublic.陳凱歌在做客“藝術(shù)人生”節(jié)目時(shí)，講述了不為公眾所知的個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷。描述一個(gè)不為人知的過程todescribeaprocessunknowntotheindividual(L.7)活學(xué)活用Back上一頁下一頁多數(shù)國(guó)家用“出生率”和“死亡率”之類的術(shù)語來界定其人口增長(zhǎng)率。6.用這一術(shù)語來描述

tousethistermtodescribe(L.7)Mostcountriesusesuchtermsas“birthrate”and“deathrate”todefinethegrowthrateoftheirpopulations.活學(xué)活用Back上一頁下一頁2....itiseasiesttoexamineitinthegreat

creativepersonalities,

manyofwhom

experienceditinanintensifiedformand

havewrittenitdownintheirlifestoriesandletters.(L10)Many這在那些富有創(chuàng)造性的天才人物身上最顯而易見。他們中的許多人對(duì)這種經(jīng)歷有著強(qiáng)烈的感受。名詞(代詞或數(shù)詞)+of+whom結(jié)構(gòu)(examples)Manyofthehighlycreativepersonshadexperiencesofthissortandfeltitseffectsstrongly,asyoucanfindintheirlifestoriesandletters,sotheircaseiseasiesttostudyandunderstand.

Thebookcontains50poems,

mostofwhich

werewrittenin1930’s.

Therearetwoleft,

oneofwhich

isalmost

finishedand

theotherofwhich

isnotquite.e.g.

Ourclassconsistsof50members,

15of

whom

arefemale.Beeristhemostpopulardrinkamongmaledrinkers,

theoverallconsumptionofwhich

issignificantlyhigherthanthatofwomen.Beeristhemostpopulardrinkamongmaledrinkers,_________________________issignificantlyhigherthanthatofwomen.whoseoverallconsumptione.g.海外游客對(duì)中國(guó)二十年來發(fā)生的巨大變化有著強(qiáng)烈的感受。OverseasguestshaveexperiencedinanintensifiedformthegreatchangesthathavetakenplaceinChinaduringthepast20years.

7.對(duì)……有著強(qiáng)烈的感受

toexperiencesth.inanintensifiedform(L.11)活學(xué)活用Back上一頁下一頁intensifyv.(L11):

makeorbecomestronger同根詞intensity

n.

maximumintensityofthreelaborintensityaminorearthquakewitha勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度最大烈度為三度的輕微地震intensive

ensivecare

重病特別護(hù)理intensivetraining強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練公司的成功在一定程度上取決于員工的素質(zhì)。Thesuccessofthecompanydependsinsomedegreeonthequalityofthestaff.

8.一定程度上取決于todependinsomedegreeon(L.15)活學(xué)活用Back上一頁下一頁Alltrulycreativeactivitiesdependinsome

degreeonthesesignalsfromtheunconscious,

and

themorehighlyinsightful

theperson,

thesharperandmoredramatic

thesignals

become.(L15)

“the+more...,the+more...”一切真正創(chuàng)造性的活動(dòng)似乎都在某種程度上依賴于潛意識(shí)中的這些信號(hào)；一個(gè)人洞察力越強(qiáng)，這些信號(hào)就越鮮明、越富有戲劇性。NoteTranslation①你開始得越早，就完成得越快。②你認(rèn)識(shí)的人越多，你能用于見他們的時(shí)間就越少。Thesooneryoustart,themorequicklyyou’llfinish.Themorepeopleyouknow,thelesstimeyouhavetoseethem.①②compose

v.

(L18)

:

createorproduceDuringhislife,Beethovenmainlycomposed9symphonies,32pianosonatasand17stringquartets.貝多芬一生中主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)作的作品有交響曲9部,鋼琴奏鳴曲32部,弦樂四重奏17部。Useit

Couldyounamesomeof

Beethoven’scompositions?TipsMoonlight,Hero,

Fate,

Symphony9,Pastoral...e.g.一個(gè)人如果忙于談情說愛而無暇顧及自己的主業(yè)，那么他將很難取得成功。Ifoneistoooccupiedincourtingtomindhismainbusiness,hestandslittlechanceofsuccess.

9.忙于做某事/為…所占據(jù)tobeoccupiedwith(L.19)活學(xué)活用Back上一頁下一頁occupyv.

(L20)①

busyHelenwasfullyoccupiedwithbusinessmatters,sowedidn’twanttobotherher.beoccupiedwith/inoccupyoneselfwith/ine.g.Phrasesoccupyv.

(L20)②

fillup(timeorspace)Theseatisoccupied.UseitWhatoccupiesmostofyoursparetime?Translation旅游旺季時(shí)，大多數(shù)賓館的所有房間都會(huì)客滿。KeyDuringthepeaktouristseasons,alltheroomsinmosthotelsareoccupied.e.g.10.外表……可內(nèi)心……

todo/besth.withoutandsth.elsewithin(L.23)她外表顯得很安詳，可內(nèi)心的斗爭(zhēng)卻十分激烈。活學(xué)活用Sheisatpeacewithoutandatwarwithin.Back上一頁下一頁4.

Thenatlastthemiraclehappened

forwhich

hisconsciousmindhadbeenseekingforso

long.(L27)5.Inthisexample,theconsciousmindatthemomentofcreationknewnothingoftheactualprocesses

bywhich

thesolutionwasfound.(L32)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)問題(examples)①Ican’tremembertheageatwhichhewonthe

prize.Theauthorwithwhomallofusarefamiliarwillvisitouruniversity.Ican’tremembertheage.Hewontheprizeattheage(of...).Theauthorwillvisitouruniversity.Allofusarefamiliarwiththeauthor.②e.g.6.Herecognizedthattheorchestralopeningtothe“Rhinegold”,whichhe_______________aboutwithinhimyethadneverbeenabletoputitintoform,hadatlasttakenitsshapewithinhim.(L29)musthavecarried他意識(shí)到，久存于心中、卻始終未能譜寫成的《萊茵河的黃金》管弦樂前奏曲終于在他腦海里形成了?！耙欢ā?想必……”那些心中牽掛的事情多的人能夠完成的事情就少。Thosewhohavemuchtocarryaboutwithinthemhavelittletofulfill.

11.懷著…心情/為…所占據(jù)tocarry…aboutwithinsb.(L.30)活學(xué)活用Back上一頁下一頁Thewholepicturehadtakenitsshapewithinthepainterbeforehemovedhisbrushonthepaper.

12.(某事)在他的心中成型totakeitsshapewithinhim(L.31)畫家在動(dòng)筆做畫之前已經(jīng)胸有成竹了?；顚W(xué)活用Back上一頁下一頁IfyouhadcometoChinaduringthebattleagainstSARS,youwouldhavechancedtowatchhowtheChinesecohesivenesswasatwork.

如果你在抗擊SARS期間來到中國(guó)，你就有機(jī)會(huì)看到中華民族的凝聚力是怎樣發(fā)揮其作用的。13.看著……在起作用towatchsth.atwork(L.36)活學(xué)活用Back上一頁下一頁14.毫無結(jié)果

toarriveatnoresult(L.38)

活學(xué)活用他們?yōu)閺浐蛢纱酥g的代溝所做的一切努力都付諸東流了。Theireffortstobridgethegapbetweenthetwogenerationsarrivedatnoresultintheend。Back上一頁下一頁為了準(zhǔn)備與女友的這次決定性的約會(huì)，他今天一反常態(tài),起了個(gè)大早。Contrarytohisusualhabit,hegotupearlythismorningtogetreadyforthisdecisivedatewithhisgirl.15.一反常態(tài)tobecontrarytoone’susualhabit(L.39)活學(xué)活用Back上一頁下一頁16.(某事)縈繞在心間

tokeepsurginginone’shead(L.40)盡管父親已經(jīng)去世多年，但他的音容笑貌依然在她眼前浮現(xiàn)。Thoughyearshavepassedsinceherfather’sdeath,hissmilesstillkeepsurginginherhead.活學(xué)活用Back上一頁下一頁司馬南拿出一大筆資金獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)那些能夠證明有特異功能存在的人。SimaNandonatedalargesumofmoneytofinancethosewhocanestablishtheexistenceofsupernaturalpower.

18.確證……的存在

toestablishtheexistenceofsth.(L.42)活學(xué)活用Back上一頁下一頁

Here,we

see

theconsciousmind

observing

thenewcombinationsbeingformedintheunconscious,whiletheWagnerstoryshowsthesuddenexplosionofanewconceptintoconsciousness.(L43)在這件事中，我們看到意識(shí)一直注視著在無意識(shí)中形成的新組合，而瓦格納的例子則顯示了一個(gè)新想法在意識(shí)中的突然迸發(fā)。observev.

(L43)Whatdoes“observe”meaninthefollowing?Theroleofscientistsistoobserve

anddescribetheworld,nottocontrolit.2.Didyou

observe

anythingstrangeinthat

student’sbehavior?3.Alltheserulesmustbestrictlyobserved.4.InAustralia,peopleobserveChristmasDay

insummer.explosionv.

(L45)e.g.Theexplosion

wasofsuchintensitythatitwasheardfivemilesaway.1.In1492,Columbussetoutonthevoyageof____whichledtohisdiscoveryoftheNewWorld.A)explorationB)expansionC)expectationD)expense2.Consideringtheproblemshe’shadtherecanbelittle____ofhimwinningtherace.A)explorationB)expansionC)expectationD)expense近形詞:

explorationexpansionexpectationexpensePracticeTheninadreamonNovember10,1619,he

madethesignificant

discoverythat

hecould

onlyfindcertaintyinhisownthoughts,cogitoergosum(“Ithink;therefore,Iexist”).

(L49)“that”引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句。之后，在1619年11月10日的一次夢(mèng)中，他有了一個(gè)意義重大的發(fā)現(xiàn)，即確定性只存在于自己的思想中，“我思，故我在”。Note21.代表了……(對(duì)……來說有代表性)

toberepresentative(typical/characteristic)of…(L.52)她樂觀的看法代表了絕大多數(shù)人對(duì)這一舉措的心態(tài)?；顚W(xué)活用Back上一頁下一頁Heroptimisticopinionsaretypicalofthementalattitudeofthemajoritytowardsthismove.n.

代表者,代理人;代表物,典型;(美）眾議員representative(L52)a.

beinglikeorcommontoothersofthesameclassAreyouropinionsrepresentativeofthoseofotherstudents?e.g.同根詞:represent2.ThefirmhastworepresentativesineveryEuropeancity.representv.

tobeasignorsymbolof...TheGreatWallrepresentsthehard-workingspiritandwisdomofancientChinesepeople.Translation長(zhǎng)城代表著我國(guó)古代人民的勤勞和智慧。KeyChinesetoEnglishWordReplacingWordUsing7.熱衷于足球2.收入來源6.成功的要素3.消化過程1.個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)4.常駐代表5.社會(huì)心理學(xué)I.ChinesetoEnglishindividualpossessionssourcesofincometheprocessofdigestionapermanentrepresentativesocialpsychology

elementsofsuccessenthusiasmforfootballcometo

aconclusionYoucan’t

counton

Tombeing

punctual.beengagedin

conversationThefreezingweather

isresponsibleforthebreaksintheconcrete.Ourideasarebeginningto

takeshape._________________II.WordReplacing(becomeformed)(isthecauseof)(beoccupiedwith/in)(dependon)(arriveat)GroupWorkDiscussionHaveyoueverexperiencedamentalblank?Whatdoyouusuallydoinsuchsituations?

StructureAnalysis

YourTaskStructureAnalysisUsingcomparisonorcontrastisacommonwayinwritingparagraphs.Thephraseslike“asacontrast”,“by/incontrast”,“by/incomparison”,“onthecontrary”or“unlike”areoftenusedtomaketheparagraphscoherentandsmooth.(Samples)Sample1Itiseasytobeawinner.Awinnercanshowhisjoypublicly.Hecanlaughandsinganddanceandcelebratehisvictory.Peoplelovetobewinners.Winnersareneverlonely.Unlikewinners,losersarethelonelyonesoftheworld.Itisdifficulttofacedefeatwithdignity.Loserscannotshowtheirdisappointmentspublicly.Theycannotcryorgrieveabouttheirdefeat.Theymaysufferprivately,buttheymustbecomposedinpublic.Theyhavenothingtocelebrateandnoonetosharetheirsadness.(usingthemethodofcontrasttoemphasizethedifferences.)

Sample2Ilikehavingatwinsister.Whenshe’shappy,I’mhappy.Whenshefeelsunhappy,Ifeelthesame.Often,Iknowwhatshe’sgoingtosay.Sometimes,Iknowwhatshe’sthinking.Ilikewhatshelikes.Ihatewhatshehates.Welikethesamemusic,thesamefoodandthesamebooks.(usingthemethodofcomparisontoemphasizethesimilarities.)YourTaskWriteashortparagraphofcontrastwithoneofthesubjectsbelow.1.

MyFatherandIEnjoy

DifferentKindsofMusic.2.TheirUniversityandOurUniversity

ScanningScanningandPredictingReadingSkillSectionB

ReadingSkillScanningatext

meansreadingthroughthetextquicklyinordertofindapieceofinformationthatyouwantortogetageneralideaofwhatthetextcontains.Usually,weshouldverycarefullyreadthetitle,thesubtitles,thefirstsentenceofaparagraphtogetenoughinformationforourthinking.Whatwillthisreadingskillbenefityou?Wheretoscan?Itcanhelpushaveagoodideawhereinthereadingpassagetolookforanswerstothespecificquestions.QuestionsAnsweringHowmanywaysofincreasingcreativityaresuggestedinthetext?Whatarethey?①Capturethefleet.②Daydream.③Seekchallenges.④Expandyourworld.

ComprehensionoftheTextFour

waysofincreasingcreativity①Capturethefleet.Howtocapturethepassingideas?Findwaystowritethemdown.②Daydream.spoonfallasleepawakesketch(more)HowdidthecreativeideascomeintoDali’smind?③Seekchallenges.Histhree-year-olddaughter.(more)WhogaveEdwinLandtheinspirationofinventingthePolaroidcamera?④Expandyourworld.

Whatdoestheauthorintendtosaybygivingthecollegestudent’sexample?It’simportanttotransferknowledgelearnedinonecontexttoadifferentone.TranslationParaphraseStructure1.WhatseparatestheaveragepersonfromEdison,PicassoorevenShakespeareisn’tcreativecapacity.It’stheabilitytousethatcapacitybyencouragingcreativeimpulsesandthenactinguponthem.(L7)普通人與愛迪生、畢加索或者莎士比亞之間的差別不在于創(chuàng)造力，而在于通過激發(fā)創(chuàng)造性靈感并將這種靈感付諸實(shí)踐來利用創(chuàng)造力的能力。

NoteWhat引導(dǎo)主語從句Completethefollowingsentences:Whatmyparentsexpectofmeis_____________.WhattroublesyoumostinEnglishlearningis_________________.Whatmakesyoumostunforgettableis__________________.What引導(dǎo)主語從句2.ButscarcelydidIawakewhenawayflewthe

tuneandIcouldnotrecallanypartofit.(L17)

NoteAssoonasIawoke,thetuneflewawayandIcouldnotrememberanypartofthetune.scarcely...when...hardly...when...nosooner...than...表示“一……就……”意義的連詞短語有：assoonas通常主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。多用于口語中，主句和從句要用相同時(shí)態(tài)。

ChinesetoEnglish

WordUsingI.ChinesetoEnglish提高創(chuàng)造力具體方法拓展視野創(chuàng)造潛力社會(huì)地位無窮無盡的想法利用enhancecreativityconcretewaysexpandone’sworld/horizoncreativepotentialsocialstatusendlessflowofideastakeadvantageofapplaud(L5)

applausen.

v.

clap;praiseTheChinesegovernmentwasapplaudedforitsswiftandeffectivecontrolof“birdflu”.e.g.Phrasemeetwith(receive)loud/warmapplauseII.WordUsing2.convince(L7)v.makesb.believesth.;persuadee.g.It’suselesstryingtoconvinceher(that)shedoesn’tneedtoloseanyweight.同根詞:convinceda.convincinga.convictionn.

Heclaimedhewasenjoyinghisnewjob,buthisvoicedidn’tcarrymuchconviction.確信；信服；說服力Iwasn’tconvincedofthetruthofwhatshewassaying.Hegavesomeexcuseorotherfornotattendingclassesbutitwasn’tveryconvincing.3.actupon/on(L9)

actaccordingtoe.g.Actingonimpulsecangetyouintoalotoftrouble.4.capture(L13)e.g.v.seize;takewithforce①Rebelforcescapturedthecityaftera

week-longbattle.②TheChinesedrivetolandamanonthe

mooncapturedtheimagination/attention

oftheworld.5.evaluate(L21)v.examineandjudgecarefullye.g.Everytermstudentsaregiventheopportunitytoevaluatetheirinstructors.

Useit

Whataspectsshouldbetakenintoconsiderationinordertoconductafairevaluationofastudent?同根詞valuev.

n.valuationdevaluev.devaluationvaluablevaluelessvaluatev.6.clai