全新版大學(xué)進(jìn)階英語 Book 1 Unit 5 The Water Problem What27s the world to do about water

Unit5

TheWaterProblemWhat’s

the

World

to

Do

about

Water?Humanity’sTop10ProblemsWhatwillbethetop10problemsofhumanityforthenext50years?

22023年2月1日Humanity’sTop10Problems32023年2月1日EnergyWaterHumanity’sTop10Problems42023年2月1日FoodEnvironmentHumanity’sTop10Problems52023年2月1日PovertyTerrorismandWarHumanity’sTop10Problems62023年2月1日DiseaseEducationHumanity’sTop10Problems72023年2月1日DemocracyPopulationHumanity’sTop10ProblemsEnergyWaterFoodEnvironmentPovertyTerrorism&warDiseaseEducationDemocracyPopulation82023年2月1日RichardSmalley(1943-2005)Humanity’sTop10Problems92023年2月1日添加頁腳RichardSmalley(1943-2005)ProfessorofChemistryandaProfessorofPhysicsandAstronomyatRiceUniversity,inHouston,Texas;In1996,AwardedtheNobelPrizeinChemistryforthediscoveryofanewformofcarbon,buckminsterfullerene,alsoknownasbuckyballs;Anadvocateofnanotechnologyanditsapplications;UponSmalley'sdeath,theUSSenatepassedaresolutiontohonorSmalley,creditinghimasthe"FatherofNanotechnology."Humanity’sTop10ProblemsEnergyWaterFoodEnvironmentPovertyTerrorism&warDiseaseEducationDemocracyPopulation102023年2月1日添加頁腳RichardSmalley(1943-2005)OpenerWatchthevideocliptwiceandcompletethefollowingsentencesaccordingtowhatyouhaveheard.112023年2月1日添加頁腳Openerthecomingglobalwatercrisis/waterproblemhumanuse;agriculturetheearth;freshwater122023年2月1日添加頁腳OpenerToday,accordingtoUNICEF,atleast2.6billionpeoplelackadequatesanitation,while1.1billionpeoplelivewithoutcleandrinkingwaterperiod.Wateristhekeycomponentinallofourdailylivesnomatterwherewelive,notonlyforhumanuse,butforenergy,industry,agriculture,andlivestock.Nowifyoulookattheearth,you’llnoticethatover75%ofourblueplanetiswater.Theproblemisonly3%ofthatwaterisfreshwater.132023年2月1日添加頁腳Man-madeWaterPollutionIndustrialwastewaterDailylifesewagePesticideandfertilizerpollution142023年2月1日添加頁腳WaterProtectionAretheregoodwaystoprotectwater?Forgovernment:Toestablishtheurbansewagetreatmentsystem.Torestructuretheindustries.Tostrengthentheplanningandmanagementofwaterresources.Tocontroltheagriculturalpollution.152023年2月1日添加頁腳Forbusiness:Toreducewaterconsumption.Tobuyequipmentofsewagetreatment.Donotdischargesewageintowater.Toestablishthewaterrecyclingsystem.WaterProtectionAretheregoodwaystoprotectwater?Forindividuals:Don’tusecleanerswhichcausepollution.Donotthrowgarbageintoriverorsea.Tellthepeoplearoundtoprotectwater.162023年2月1日添加頁腳WaterSavingDoyouhavegoodwaystosavewater?Turnoffthewatertapwhenyouleave.Washclothesmanuallyinsteadofusingwashingmachines.Collecttherainingwaterwhenraining.Donotplaywaterforfun.Choosetheequipmentlabeled“watersaving”.Reducethetimeshavingabath.172023年2月1日添加頁腳What’s

the

World

to

Do

about

Water?Reading&InteractingFormsofLiterature192023年2月1日添加頁腳ArgumentativewritingNarrativewritingExpositorywritingTextOrganization202023年2月1日添加頁腳Paras.1-2Paras.3-7Paras.8-9Paras.10IntroductionBody

Conclusion

DetailedReading(PartI)212023年2月1日添加頁腳Howdoestheauthorraisethewaterproblematthebeginningofthearticle?Whydoeshedoitinthisway?Tointroducethewaterproblem,theauthortellsusaboutwhathappenedonenightwhenheandhis7-year-olddaughterwere___________________________.Insodoingtheauthortriestointroducethereadertoa__________topicina__________manner.Besides,italsoremindsusofthefactthateveryonecanplayarole,eveninourdailylife,in_______________.brushingteethtogetherseriouscasualsavingwaterIn2007,whenmydaughterwassevenyearsold,wewouldbrushourteethtogethereverynightaspartofourdailyritual.Toconservewater,wewouldturnoffthefaucetafterwettingourbrushesandturnitbackononlytorinse.Onenight,Ididn’tturnoffthewaterfastenoughtoherliking.Sheturnedoffthefaucet,madeanangryfaceatme,andgrowled,“Turnoffthewater,Daddy.Thescientistsneedtime.”conserve:v.usewithoutwasting;protectfromlossordestruction節(jié)約使用；保護(hù)e.g.Toconserveenergy,mostfamiliesinthisapartmentbuildingdonotturnontheair-conditionersexceptinextremeweather.為了節(jié)約能源，這幢樓大多數(shù)人家若非高溫一般不開空調(diào)。Para.1conservationn.e.g.Waterconservationtopsthelistofoururgenttasks.節(jié)水是我們工作的重中之重。toone’sliking:中意，稱心e.g.“Wedoourbesttoensurethatthefoodweserveisalwaystoyourliking,”saidtheowneroftherestauranttous.“我們盡力提供你們滿意的菜肴，”飯店老板對(duì)我們說。Para.1UnderstandingtheTextSOnenight,Ididn’tturnoffthewaterfastenoughtoherliking.(Para.1)

|Onenight,shewasn'tpleasedwiththewayIturnedoffthewater,becauseshethoughtIdidn’tdoitfastenough.Onenight,Ididn’tturnoffthewaterasfastasshedid;itseemedthatshelikeddoingitherself.一天晚上，女兒認(rèn)為我關(guān)龍頭動(dòng)作不夠快，不樂意了。Para.1Thatstatementstillringsinmyearstoday,notonlybecauseofherprecociousnessbutalsobecauseshewasexactlyright.Weneedtoconserveourresourcestobuyourselvestimesoscientistscanfindnewsolutionstoourproblems.Andthisisespeciallytrueforwater.ringinone’sears:makeonefeelthatonecanstillhearsth.猶言在耳e.g.Shewenttobedwiththesongstillringinginherears.她上床睡覺，歌聲仍縈繞在耳。resource:n.(usu.pl.)資源e.g.Landresourcesinthissmallislandcountryareextremelyscarce.這個(gè)彈丸島國的土地資源極為稀少。Para.2Source:theplacewhereastreamorriverstartsaperson,place,thingoractivityfromwhichonegetssth.e.g.Over40percentofBritishadultsusetelevisionastheirmajorsourceofinformationaboutthearts.40%以上的英國成年人把電視當(dāng)作獲取藝術(shù)文化信息的主要途徑。Resource:(usu.pl.)sth.thatcanbeusedforsupportorhelpsth.thatexistsinacountryandcanbeusedtoincreaseitswealthe.g.Somefamiliesdon'thavetheresourcestofeedthemselvesproperly.有些家庭無力維持生活。Para.2源頭來源財(cái)力，物力資源UnderstandingtheTextSWeneedtoconserveourresourcestobuyourselvestimesoscientistscanfindnewsolutionstoourproblems.(Para.2)2Weshouldconserveourresources.Ifwedosothemoneywesavewillbeusedtofindnewsolutionstoourproblems.Weshouldconserveourresources.Ifwedosotheresourceswillprobablylastlongenoughforscientiststofindnewsolutionstoourproblems.我們必須節(jié)約資源，爭(zhēng)取時(shí)間，使科學(xué)家來得及找到解決問題的新方法。Para.2Paras.1-2Weneedto__________wateraggressivelysothatscientistscanhavetimetofind________.282023年2月1日添加頁腳Part1conservesolutionsWaterisontracktobethemostimportantandmostcontentiousresourceofthe21stcentury.Itcouldreplaceoilasthestrategicresourcethattriggersgeopoliticalconflicts.Butwiththerightsolutions,itcouldalsobetheonethatbringsusalltogether.ontrack:likelytoachievetheresultyouwant步入……軌道；有望e.g.Pleasegetthediscussionontrack.Timeislimited.請(qǐng)不要岔開話題。時(shí)間有限。Theboyisontracktobecomeachessmaster.這孩子有望成為象棋大師。Para.3replace:v.beusedinsteadofsth./sb.else,putsb./sth.newintheplaceorpositionofsb./sth.取代e.g.Willcomputersevercompletelyreplacebooks?電腦會(huì)不會(huì)完全取代書本？AnAmericancollegegraduatehasbeenhiredtoreplaceourpreviousEnglishteacher.他們請(qǐng)了個(gè)美國大學(xué)畢業(yè)生取代我們?cè)瓉淼挠⑽睦蠋?。strategic:a.戰(zhàn)略的，戰(zhàn)略上的e.g.ThecityofZhangjiakouislocatedatastrategicposition.張家口市地處戰(zhàn)略要沖。Thebridgehasgreatstrategicvalue.這座橋具有重要的戰(zhàn)略價(jià)值。Para.3conflict:n.afight,battleorstruggle,astateofoppositionbetweenideas,interests,etc.沖突，矛盾e.g.Thereisalonghistoryofconflictsoverwaterresourcesbetweenthetwocountries.兩國長(zhǎng)期存在水資源沖突。Para.3DetailedReading(Para.3)322023年2月1日添加頁腳Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayingthatwaterwillmostprobablybecomethemostcontentiousresourceofthe21stcentury?Hemeansthatwaterismostlikelytobecomea______________resourcelikeoilthatcould_________________________________.strategictriggergeopoliticalconflictDetailedReading(PartⅡ)332023年2月1日添加頁腳Howdoestheauthortrytoprovethatwaterisonthetopofthelistoftheworldproblemstoday?He________thelateNobelLaureateRichardSmalley’slistofhumanity’stop10problemsforthenext50years.citesIn2003,thelateNobelLaureateRichardSmalleygavealectureatRiceUniversity’sEnergy&NanotechnologyConferencehighlightinghumanity’stop10problemsforthenext50years.Hislist,indescendingorderofimportance,was:energy,water,food,environment,poverty,terrorismandwar,disease,education,democracy,andpopulation.highlight:v.givespecialattentionto(sth.);emphasize使突出；強(qiáng)調(diào)e.g.Theteachersaid,“Writeaparagraphcenteringaroundatopicsentence,andhighlightyourtopicsentenceinyellow.”老師說：“段落圍繞中心句展開，中心句用黃色標(biāo)出。”environment:n.環(huán)境e.g.Howcanwecreateaworkplaceenvironmentthatencouragesinnovation?如何營造鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新的工作環(huán)境？Para.4UnderstandingtheTextSHislist,indescendingorderofimportance,was:energy,water,food,environment,poverty,terrorismandwar,disease,education,democracy,andpopulation.(Para.4)3Hislistcontainstenitems:energy,water,food,environment,poverty,terrorismandwar,disease,education,democracy,andpopulation.Theyarearrangedinsuchawaythateachitemismoreimportantthantheonethatfollowsit.Thetenitemsonhislist—energy,water,food,environment,poverty,terrorismandwar,disease,education,democracy,andpopulation—aregraduallylosingimportancenow.他列出的問題清單，按重要性排序，依次是：能源、水、食品、環(huán)境、貧困、恐怖主義和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、疾病、教育、民主，以及人口。Para.4Thereasonenergyandwatersitatthetop,aheadoffoodandpoverty,isthataddressingthemmakessubsequentproblemseasiertodealwith.Developingabundantsourcesofclean,reliable,affordableenergyenablesanabundanceofcleanwater.Anabundanceofcleanwaterenablesfoodproductionandprotectstheenvironment.Andsoforth.subsequent:a.happeningaftersth.else隨后的，后來的e.g.Thehousewasbuiltin1980,andhasbeenexpandedseveraltimesinsubsequentyears.這幢房建于1980年，之后數(shù)次擴(kuò)建。Insubsequentinterviewsthecandidatedeniedwhathehadsaidthatnight.那位候選人在嗣后的采訪中否認(rèn)了當(dāng)晚所說的話。Para.5abundant:a.大量的，充裕的e.g.Theprojectaimsatprovidingabundantenergyinpower-starvedareasoftheworld.該項(xiàng)目旨在為世界上能源不足的地區(qū)提供充足的能源。source:n.來源；源頭（指河流的源頭，或資金、信息等的來源，不同于“resource”，后者常指體現(xiàn)國家、組織或個(gè)人實(shí)力的資源）e.g.Exhibitionsareanimportantsourceofincomeformanyartists.開展會(huì)是不少藝術(shù)家重要的收入來源。reliable:a.可靠的，可信賴的e.g.Dogs,iftreatedproperlyandtrainedwithfirmkindness,arefaithfulandreliable.只要你對(duì)它好，訓(xùn)練時(shí)態(tài)度堅(jiān)決而友善，狗都能變得忠實(shí)可靠。enable:v.使成為可能；使能夠e.g.Thecellphonewillenableyoutocallforhelpfromanywhere.手機(jī)可以讓你在任何地方呼求幫助。Para.5UnderstandingtheTextSThereasonenergyandwatersitatthetop,aheadoffoodandpoverty,isthataddressingthemmakessubsequentproblemseasiertodealwith.(Para.5)4Energyandwaterarethetoptwoproblemsonthelist.Thereasonisthatifwestarttosolvetheseproblems,theotherproblemsthatfollowthemonthelist,suchasfoodandpoverty,willbeeasiertodealwith.Energyandwaterarelistedasthetwoproblemsmoreimportantthanfoodandpoverty.Thisisbecauseoncewestartworkingonthem,addressingfoodshortageandpovertywillbeeasierlateron.能源和水位居榜首，排在食品和貧困之前，其原因是解決前兩個(gè)問題，后面的問題就比較容易解決了。Para.5DetailedReading(Para.5)392023年2月1日添加頁腳Whatdoes“affordableenergy"mostprobablymean?Itmostprobablymeansenergyproducedata______cost.lowDetailedReading(Paras.4-5)402023年2月1日添加頁腳OnPro.Smalley’slistoftheproblemsforthefirsthalfofthiscentury,energyandwatersitatthetop.Whyisitso?Becausesolvingtheenergyandwaterproblemswillmaketheotherproblems________todealwith.Abundantenergyandwatersupplieswill_________foodproductionand_________theenvironment.Theywillalso________povertyanddisease,andsoforth.easierincreaseimprovereduceInmanyways,the1900swasthecenturyofenergyconflict.Now,thedawnofanewenergyeraisjustaroundthecorner—withthepricesofsolarpowergoingdown,anddistributedgenerationandenergyefficiencyonthepointoftakingoff—andwecanforeseeatimethiscenturywhenwaterreplacesenergyasthenextgreatchallengeforhumanity.Gettingwaterrightcouldclearthepathtoafullyliberated,healthy,andpeacefulcivilization.aroundthecorner:notfaraway,comingverysoon不遠(yuǎn)；即將到來e.g.Thepetrolstationisaroundthecorner.加油站就在附近。Christmasisjustaroundthecorner.圣誕節(jié)即將來臨。Para.6godown:下降e.g.Ifhousingpricescontinuetogodown,manysmallbankswillgobankrupt.如果房?jī)r(jià)持續(xù)走低，不少小銀行就會(huì)破產(chǎn)。Shebelievesthatinterestrateswillgodowninthenextfewweeks.她認(rèn)為在接下來的數(shù)周內(nèi)利率會(huì)下降。distribute:v.分發(fā)；散布；分配e.g.Asfreshmen,theymustlearnquicklyhowtodistributetheirtimeamongtheseveralcoursestheytake.作為新生，他們必須很快學(xué)會(huì)不同的課程怎么分配時(shí)間。Theybelievethattodistributewealthproperlyisatleastasimportantastocreatewealth.他們認(rèn)為財(cái)富的合理分配至少和創(chuàng)造財(cái)富同等重要。Para.6efficiency:n.效率e.g.Sheisalwaysseekingtoimprovetheefficiencyandeffectivenessofteaching.她一直琢磨著如何提高教學(xué)效率、改善教學(xué)效果。onthepointof:aboutto(dosth.)正要……e.g.Theresearchersbelievethattheyareonthepointofabreakthrough.那些研究者認(rèn)為他們即將取得突破性進(jìn)展。foresee:(foresaw,foreseen)v.thinkorknowsth.isgoingtohappeninthefuture預(yù)見；預(yù)知e.g.Didscientistsforeseetherevolutionincommunicationtechnology?當(dāng)時(shí)科學(xué)家有沒有預(yù)見到這一通訊科技的重大變革？Para.6Butwateriscomplicated.First,there’snoalternative.Therearealternativestocoalandpetroleum,butwatercannotbereplaced.Second,waterisintertwinedwitheveryothersectorofsociety.Energyproductionrequireswaterforcoolingpowerplantsandfracturingshale.Agricultureneedswaterforirrigation.Industryandcitiesusetrillionsofgallonsofwaterforallsortsofpurposes.Third,waterdemandsaregrowingatthesametimesuppliesarefluctuating.Climatechangeisexpectedtointensifydroughtsandfloodswhileshiftingwherewaterwillbeandwhen.Thatmeanshumanitywillbeconfrontedwithdecisionsaboutwhethertomovepeopletowaterorwatertopeople.Para.7complicated:a.復(fù)雜的e.g.Ourphysicsteacherisverygoodatexplainingcomplicatedconceptsinsimplelanguage.我們的物理老師善于深入淺出講解復(fù)雜的概念。alternative:n.選擇；供選擇的東西e.g.Bikingisamoreenvironment-friendlyalternativetocardriving.相對(duì)于開車，騎自行車更為環(huán)保。intensify:v.increaseindegreeorstrength加劇，強(qiáng)化e.g.Thepoliceintensifiedtheirsearchfortheescapedprisoner.警方加強(qiáng)了對(duì)逃犯的搜捕。beconfrontedwith:meetface-to-facewith面對(duì)e.g.Whenconfrontedwiththewitnessesofthemurder,theaccusedwasspeechless.面對(duì)謀殺目擊者，被告啞口無言。Para.7DetailedReading(Para.7)462023年2月1日添加頁腳Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenhesays“waterisintertwinedwitheveryothersectorofsociety”?Hemeansthateveryothersectorofsociety_______water.Peopleneedwaterintheir________.Energyproductionrequireswaterfor_______powerplants._________needswaterforallsortsofpurposes.Agricultureneedswaterfor__________.needsdailylifecoolingIndustryirrigation

Paras.3-7Waterisgoingtobethemost__________andmost___________resourceofthe21stcentury.472023年2月1日添加頁腳Part2importantcontentiousThankfully,therearesolutions.Somearelarge,incrediblyexpensive,andenergy-intensive,suchasbuildingcross-continentwater-transferaqueducts,newhydroelectricdams,andmassivedesalinationplants.Somearesmall,suchasusingmicrowaterharvestersthatcondensewatervaporoutoftheair.Allofthemtakeawhile.Para.8InApril1961,PresidentJohnF.Kennedysaid,“Ifwecouldevercompetitively—atacheaprate—getfreshwaterfromsaltwater,itwouldbeinthelong-rangeinterestofhumanityandwouldreallydwarfanyotherscientificaccomplishments.”Thatwasonemonthbeforehisfamousmoon-shotspeech.Beforethedecadewasover,wesentmantothemoonandback.Butwestillhaven’tfoundasolutionastohowtogetfreshwaterfromsaltwaterwithoutalotofmoneyandenergy.That’smainlybecauseourgreatinnovationapparatushasnotbeendedicatedtowater.Researchbudgetshaveprioritizedenergy,defense,andhealthwhilemostlyignoringwater,eventhoughfixingwaterwouldhelpourenergy,defense,andhealthproblems.IfwespentasmuchmoneylookingforwateronEarthaswedosearchingforitonMars,theoutcomesmightbeverydifferent.Para.9rate:n.價(jià)格，比率e.g.Thepostalratesvaryfromstatetostate.不同的國家郵資不同。intheinterestof:totheadvantageof對(duì)……有利，為了e.g.Intheinterestofthepublic,wedonotallowdumpingintotherivers.為了公眾的利益，我們不能允許將垃圾傾倒入河。dwarf:v.使（顯得）矮?。蛔儼.g.Atoversixfeetinheight,thetwelve-year-oldboydwarfshispeers.這個(gè)12歲的孩子身高超過6英尺，明顯高于同齡孩子。budget:n.預(yù)算e.g.Isthereanymoneyleftinourmonthlybudget?我們每月預(yù)算里還有錢剩下嗎？innovation:n.革新，創(chuàng)新e.g.Inaimingforinnovation,surroundyourselfwithpeoplethatthinkdifferentlyfromyou.要有所創(chuàng)新，就要和想法和你不同的人在一起。mostly:ad.主要地；通常；大部分e.g.Wehavesomecolddays.Butmostlyitiswarm.天氣有時(shí)會(huì)挺冷，但基本上挺暖和。outcome:n.結(jié)果e.g.Itwasmidnightonelectionday.Manypeoplewerestillupwaitingfortheoutcome.選舉日，午夜。許多人還沒睡，在等待選舉結(jié)果。TheKennedys

JohnF.Kennedy(1917-1963)BobbyKennedy(1925-1968)JohnF.Kennedy(1917-1963)

Youngestmanelectedpresident(1960)Equalrights—newcivilrightslegislationAssassinatedin1963OnNovember22,1963,whenhewashardlypasthisfirstthousanddaysinoffice,JohnF.Kennedywaskilledbyanassassin’sbulletsashismotorcade(汽車隊(duì))woundthroughDallas,Texas.KennedywastheyoungestmanelectedPresident;hewastheyoungesttodie.JohnF.Kennedy(1917-1963)

JohnFitzgeraldKennedywasthethirty-fifthpresidentoftheUS.InhisInauguralAddress(就職演說)hesaid:“Asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou—askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry.”AsPresident,hetookvigorousactioninthecauseofequalrights,callingfornewcivilrightslegislation.BobbyKennedy(1925-1968)AttorneyGeneralEnrollmentofaAfricanAmericanSlain(slay)in1968enforcedaFederalcourtorderadmittingthefirstAfricanAmericanstudent—JamesMeredith—totheUniversityofMississippi.Theriot(暴動(dòng))thathadfollowedMeredith’sregistration(注冊(cè))hadlefttwodeadandhundredsinjured.RobertKennedysawvotingasthekeyBobbyKennedy(1925-1968)BobbyKennedyorRobertF.Kennedy,wasthebrotherofPresidentJohnF.Kennedy.Hewasappointedattorneygeneral(司法部長(zhǎng))oftheUnitedStatesintheearly1960s.InSeptember1962,AttorneyGeneralKennedytoracial(種族的)justice(正義)andcollaborated(合作)withPresidentKennedywhenheproposedthemostfar-reachingcivilrightsstatutesinceReconstruction,TheCivilRightsActof1964,passedafterPresiden