動(dòng)詞的ing形式作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)

動(dòng)詞的ing形式作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)Review動(dòng)詞-ing形式能在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞-ing形式在句中作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)是本單元的學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)。1.作定語(yǔ)

動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以單獨(dú)充當(dāng)名詞的前置修飾語(yǔ),這時(shí)有兩種情況。(1)動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示“供作......之用”的意思,這類(lèi)作定語(yǔ)的-ing形式叫動(dòng)名詞。aswimmingpool=apoolforswimmingasleepingcar=acarforsleeping(2)動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示“......的”意思,此時(shí)含有“正在·······”的意思，叫現(xiàn)在分詞。asleepingchild

workingpeopletherisingsunawalkingstick=astickusedforwalkingdrinkingwater=waterfordrinkingawaitingroom=aroomforwaiting動(dòng)詞-ing形式是短語(yǔ)，應(yīng)放在所修飾的名詞后，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。Theyarevisitorscomingfromseveralcountries.whocomefromseveralcountries.

ThreedayslaterIreceivedaletterofferingme

thejob.whichofferedmethejob.Thegirlstandingthere__________________

ismyclassmate.whostandstherePractice:____dogsseldombite.BarkB.TobarkC.BarkedD.Barking(2)Thewolfspokeina_____voiceandMr.Dongguofelt______.frightening;frightenedB.frightened;frightenedC.frighten;frighteningD.frightening;frighteningDA(3)It’spleasuretowatchthefaceofa____baby.asleepB.sleepC.sleepingD.slept(4)The____buildingsshowedusthatanearthquakewascoming.A.shakingB.shookC.shakenD.shakeCA現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)

現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須是句子的主語(yǔ)，分詞必須和句中的主語(yǔ)含有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，否則不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。但要注意它地各種形式變化：

主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式

V-ingbeingV-edhavingV-edhavingbeenV-ed

一般式完成式現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式是在一般式和完成式的前面加not(never)，即加在含有ing這個(gè)單詞的前面。Eg.Hearingthebell,thestudentsbegantoentertheclassroom.聽(tīng)見(jiàn)鈴聲，學(xué)生們開(kāi)始走進(jìn)教室。（聽(tīng)見(jiàn)和進(jìn)入兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生）Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisournewlibrary.現(xiàn)在正在建造地這棟樓房室我們地新圖書(shū)館（beingbuilt為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形式，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行之中。）Havingdonethework,hewenthome.完成了工作，他就回家了?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)，修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的原因、時(shí)間、方式、結(jié)果、條件、伴隨狀況等。現(xiàn)在分詞一般不用作表目的狀語(yǔ)（通常用不定式表目的狀語(yǔ)）。Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.(=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.)Whilewaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.(=Whilehewaswaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.)1）表時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)2)表原因狀語(yǔ)Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.(=ashewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool.)Beingastudent,youshouldstudyhard.(=Sinceyouareastudent,youshouldstudyhard.）既然你是一個(gè)學(xué)生，你就應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。由于想到它或許在家，所以我就給他打了電話(huà)。Thinkinghemightbeathome,Icalledhim.(AsIthoughthemightbeathome,Icalledhim.)3)表方式、伴隨情況的狀語(yǔ)：作伴隨狀語(yǔ)的分詞表示的動(dòng)作，必須是主語(yǔ)的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，或是與謂語(yǔ)所表示地動(dòng)作（或狀態(tài)）同時(shí)發(fā)生，或是對(duì)謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)詞（或狀態(tài)）作進(jìn)一步地補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。這時(shí)候，可以變成一個(gè)and連接的并列句。Eg.Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.(=Hesatonthesofa,andwatchedTV.)他們笑著談著走進(jìn)了教室。__________________,theywentintotheclassroom.他斜靠(lean)著墻站著。Hestoodleaningagainstthewall.(＝Hestoodandleanedagainstthewall.)Laughingandtalking4)表結(jié)果(表示自然而然、順其自然的結(jié)果）Eg.Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.(=Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftherwithheryoungerbrother.)全國(guó)到處在傳唱這首歌曲，使它成了一首最受歡迎地歌曲。Thesongissungalloverthecountry,________________________________.makingitthemostpopularsong5)表?xiàng)l件Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.(=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.)一直往前走，你就會(huì)看到一座白色地房子。______________,youwillseeawhitehouse.Walkingaheading形式的否定式、完成式及其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（完成式表示v-ing的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前）1.Neverwantingittohappenagain,theteacherscoldedJimseriously.2.Notknowingwhattodonext,shestoppedtoaskhersisterforhelp.3.Beingbuilt,thebuildingsarenotopentothestudents.4.Havingexperiencedthebitternessoflaziness,Jackmadeuphismindtoworkhard.5.Havingbeentoldthattheirparentshadhadanaccident,thetwinsistersburstintotears.如果動(dòng)詞ing形式的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ)怎么辦？動(dòng)詞的ing形式（現(xiàn)在分詞）作狀語(yǔ)必須滿(mǎn)足一個(gè)條件:現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須是句子的主語(yǔ)。如果不是這樣，那么就要在現(xiàn)在分詞的前面加上它的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這樣就變成了獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。

動(dòng)詞的ing形式與邏輯主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：

Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyhead．我等汽車(chē)時(shí)，一只鳥(niǎo)落到我頭上。

Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywent

awaydisappointedly.所有的票已經(jīng)賣(mài)光了，他們失望地離開(kāi)了。

Timepermitting,we'lldoanothertwoexercises.如果時(shí)間允許，我們將做另兩個(gè)練習(xí)。

有時(shí)也可用with(without)+名詞（代詞賓格）+分詞形式

（with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)）

Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.他點(diǎn)著燈睡著了。

v-ing作獨(dú)立成分：

Judgingfrom(by)hisappearance,hemustbe

anactor.從外表看，他一定是個(gè)演員。considering···········考慮到·········assuming/supposing/providingthat..........假如·········1.WhenheapproachedMsSmith,hetouchedhershoulderandkissedher._________________MsSmith,hetouchedhershoulderandkissedher.I.Rewritethefollowingsentences.

Whenapproaching2.Thepersonwhoistranslatingthesongscanspeaksevenlanguages.

Theperson__________________can

speaksevenlanguages.translatingthesongs3.Theboystandingthereisreadinga

bookaboutbodylanguage.Theboy______________thereisreadingabookaboutbodylanguage.whoisstanding4.BecausehecomesfromJordan,hemovesclosetoaskyouaquestion____________Jordan,hemovesclose

toaskyouaquestion.Comingfrom1.Havingnotseenthefilm,Ican’ttell

youwhatIthinkofit.2.Themenworkedforextrahoursgotanextrapay.3.Seenfromthetopofthehill,wefindthecitymorebeautiful.4.Generallyspeak,facialexpressionsarehelpfulcommunications,too.Nothavingwork