商務(wù)英語(yǔ)4課文翻譯RaisingFinance

.適用文檔.RaisingFinance--翻譯RaisingFinance融資Whenacompanyisgrowingrapidly,forexamplewhencontemplatinginvestmentincapitalequipmentoranacquisition,itscurrentfinancialresourcesmaybeinadequate.當(dāng)一家公司快速成長(zhǎng)時(shí)，比如考慮投資固定設(shè)施或進(jìn)行收買(mǎi)時(shí)，它的資本流〔currentfinancialresources翻譯禁止〕可能不夠充分。Fewgrowingcompaniesareabletofinancetheirexpansionplansfromcashflowalone.極罕有成長(zhǎng)中的公司能夠僅經(jīng)過(guò)現(xiàn)金流為他們的擴(kuò)充方案融資。Theywillthereforeneedtoconsiderraisingfinancefromotherexternalsources.所以，他們需要考慮從其余外面根源進(jìn)行融資。Inaddition,managerswhoarelookingtobuy-intoabusiness(‘managementbuy-in’or‘MBI’)orbuy-out(‘managementbuy-out’or‘MBO’)abusinessfromitsowners,maynothavetheresourcestoacquirethecompany.別的，正準(zhǔn)備從公司全部者手中對(duì)公司進(jìn)行外面管理層收買(mǎi)或公司內(nèi)部管理層收買(mǎi)的管理者們可能沒(méi)有財(cái)力收買(mǎi)該公司。Theywillneedtoraisefinancetoachievetheirobjectives.他們需要籌集資本以抵達(dá)他們的目標(biāo)。ThereareanumberofpotentialsourcesoffinancetomeettheneedsofagrowingbusinessortofinanceanMBIorMBO:有好多潛伏的資本根源，能夠知足成長(zhǎng)中的公司或?yàn)橥饷婀芾韺邮召I(mǎi)或公司內(nèi)部管理層收買(mǎi)融資。-Existingshareholdersanddirectorsfunds現(xiàn)有股東和董事基金-Familyandfriends家庭和朋友-Businessangels天使投資者-Clearingbanks(overdrafts,shortormediumtermloans)清理銀行〔透支，中短期貸款〕-Invoicediscounting..適用文檔.發(fā)票貼現(xiàn)-Hirepurchaseandleasing分期付款購(gòu)買(mǎi)和租借-Merchantbanks(mediumtolongertermloans)商業(yè)銀行(中長(zhǎng)久貸款)-Venturecapital風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本Akeyconsiderationinchoosingthesourceofnewbusinessfinanceistostrikeabalancebetweenequityanddebttoensurethefundingstructuresuitsthebusiness.均衡權(quán)益和負(fù)債以保證融資構(gòu)造合適公司是選擇新公司融資根源的一個(gè)重要考慮要素。Themaindifferencesbetweenborrowedmoney(debt)andequityarethat，withdebt,bankersrequestinterestpaymentsandcapitalrepayments,andtheborrowedmoneyisusuallysecuredonbusinessassetsorthepersonalassetsofshareholdersand/ordirectors.借來(lái)的錢(qián)〔負(fù)債〕和權(quán)益的主要差別在于：關(guān)于負(fù)債，銀專家懇求支付利息和送還資本，借來(lái)的錢(qián)往常用公司的財(cái)產(chǎn)或股東或董事的個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)進(jìn)行擔(dān)保。Abankalsohasthepowertoplaceabusinessintoadministrationorbankruptcyifitdefaultsondebtinterestorrepaymentsoritsprospectsdecline.假如公司拖負(fù)債務(wù)、利息或還款或它的遠(yuǎn)景降落〔預(yù)期降落〕，銀行也有能力將公司置于行政管束或破產(chǎn)?！瞤laceabusinessintoadministration翻譯不確立〕Incontrast,equityinvestorstaketheriskoffailurelikeothershareholders,whilsttheywillbenefitthroughparticipationinincreasinglevelsofprofitsandontheeventualsaleoftheirstake.相反，股票投資者像其余股東同樣擔(dān)當(dāng)(投資)失敗的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),同時(shí)，他們能在收益增加和最后銷(xiāo)售股票時(shí)獲益。Theoverallobjectiveinraisingfinanceforacompanyistoavoidexposingthebusinesstoexcessivehighborrowings,butwithoutunnecessarilydilutingthesharecapital.一個(gè)公司的整體融資目標(biāo)是防備公司曝露于過(guò)高的借錢(qián)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，沒(méi)有不用要的稀釋股權(quán)資本。Thiswillensurethatthefinancialriskofthecompanyiskeptatanoptimallevel.這將保證公司的財(cái)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)保持在一個(gè)最優(yōu)水平。Raisingfinanceisdependentonagoodbusinessplanwhichdemonstratesthatthemanagementisawareofalltherisksinvolved.融資依靠于一個(gè)好的商業(yè)方案，該方案說(shuō)明管理層知道全部波及的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。TypesofFinance..適用文檔.融資種類(lèi)Venturecapital風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本Venturecapitalisageneraltermtodescribearangeofordinaryandpreferenceshareswheretheinvestinginstitutionacquiresashareinthebusiness.風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本是一個(gè)描繪投資機(jī)構(gòu)獲得公司一系列一般股和優(yōu)先股的總括術(shù)語(yǔ)，Venturecapitalisintendedforhigherriskssuchasstart-upsituationsanddevelopmentcapitalformorematureinvestments.風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本用于像新建公司的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資和更加成熟的開(kāi)發(fā)資本投資?！脖揪溆袉?wèn)題〕Therearealsocertainlargeindustrialcompanieswhichhavefundsavailabletoinvestingrowingbusinessesandthis'corporateventuring'isanadditionalsourceofequityfinance.也有一些大型工業(yè)公司有基金可用于投資成長(zhǎng)型公司，這類(lèi)公司風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資是股權(quán)融資的另一個(gè)根源。Grants政府撥款Government,localauthoritiesandlocaldevelopmentagenciesarethemajorsourcesofgrants(政府撥款).政府、地方當(dāng)局和地方展開(kāi)機(jī)構(gòu)是政府撥款的主要根源。Grantsarenormallymadetofacilitatethepurchaseofassetsandeitherthegenerationofjobsorthetrainingofemployees.政府撥款往常用于幫助購(gòu)買(mǎi)財(cái)產(chǎn)、為某代人供給就業(yè)崗位或培訓(xùn)職工。InvoiceDiscounting發(fā)票貼現(xiàn)Financecanberaisedagainstdebtsduefromcustomersviainvoicediscounting,thusimprovingcashflow.資本能夠經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)客戶所負(fù)債務(wù)進(jìn)行發(fā)票貼現(xiàn)籌集，進(jìn)而改良現(xiàn)金流。Debtorsareusedastheprimesecurityforthelenderandtheborrowermayobtainuptoabout80percentofapproveddebts.債務(wù)人是放款人的主要抵押品〔primesecurity翻禁止〕，借錢(qián)人可能獲取高達(dá)80%的批準(zhǔn)債務(wù)。HirePurchaseandLeasing分期付款購(gòu)買(mǎi)和租借..適用文檔.Hirepurchase(分期付款購(gòu)貨信貸)agreementsandleasing(租借)providefinancefortheacquisitionofspecificassetssuchascars,equipmentandmachineryinvolvingadepositandrepaymentsover,typically,threetotenyears.租購(gòu)〔分期付款購(gòu)貨信貸〕協(xié)講和租借為獲取諸如汽車(chē)、設(shè)施和機(jī)械等特定財(cái)產(chǎn)籌備資本，包含定金和典型的三到十年的還款。Loans貸款Mediumtermloans(uptosevenyears)andlongtermloans(includingcommercialmortgages)areprovidedforspecificpurposessuchasacquiringanasset,businessorshares.中期貸款〔多達(dá)七年〕和長(zhǎng)久貸款〔包含商業(yè)抵押貸款〕為諸如財(cái)產(chǎn)收買(mǎi)、公司收買(mǎi)或股票收買(mǎi)等特定目的而供給。Theloanisnormallysecuredontheassetorassetsandtheinterestratemaybevariableorfixed.貸款往常用一項(xiàng)財(cái)產(chǎn)或多項(xiàng)財(cái)產(chǎn)擔(dān)保，利息可能是浮動(dòng)的或改動(dòng)的。BankOverdraft銀行透支Anoverdraftisanagreedsumbywhichacustomercanoverdrawtheircurrentaccount.透支是一個(gè)商定的金額，在此額度內(nèi)，客戶能夠透支他們的現(xiàn)金賬戶。Itisnormallysecuredoncurrentassets,repayableondemandandusedforshorttermworkingcapitalfluctuations.它往常是以流動(dòng)財(cái)產(chǎn)擔(dān)保，立刻付款，用于應(yīng)付短期運(yùn)營(yíng)資本顛簸。Theinterestcostisnormallyvariableandlinkedtothebankbaserate.利息花費(fèi)往常是浮動(dòng)的，與銀行根本利率相聯(lián)系。CompletingtheFinance-raising達(dá)成資本籌集Raisingfinanceisoftenacomplexprocess.融資往常是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的過(guò)程。Businessmanagementneedstoassessseveralalternativesandthennegotiatetermswhichareacceptabletothefinanceprovider.公司管理層需要評(píng)估幾種方案，而后磋商哪些條款金融供給者能夠接受。Themainnegotiatingpointsareoftenasfollows:主要的談判點(diǎn)往常以下: