2022北京昌平高三（上）期末英語(yǔ)（教師版）

2022北京昌平高三（上）期末英語(yǔ)本試卷共8頁(yè)，共100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘。考生務(wù)必在答題卡區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無(wú)效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分、知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)：完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AfterIlostmyrighthandinacaraccidenttenyearsago,IthoughtIwouldneverbeabletoleadanormallifeagain.Iwasequippedwithanartificialhand,butitdidnotfeellikeapartofme.Even[thingslikegettingdressedwereunbelievablydifficult.Threemonthsago,2.allthatchangedwhenIwasgiventhe3totestanewrobotichand.Scientistshavebeenmakinggreatprogressinrobotictechnologyinrecentyears,andtheirworkonroboticlimbs（四肢）hasreallychangedmylife.Withmynewhand,Icanmovemyindividualfingersand4verysmallthings,likepensandpencils.More5,myrobotichandiscapableof6varyingdegreesofpressure,justlikea7hand.OverthepastthreemonthsIhavebeentestingoutthe8ofwhatIcandowithmynewhand,anditconstantlysurprisesme.IhaverediscoveredhobbiesIenjoyedbeforemyaccident.Forexample,IhavebeencookingformyfamilysinceIgotmynewhand.NotonlycanIdomore,butIalsofeelmore9whenIhangoutwithfriends.AndnowI'mso10forallthenewpossibilitiesmyrobotichandhasopenedup.1.A.strangeB.simpleC.interestingD.important2.A.howeverB.insteadC.thusD.moreover3.A.spaceB.powerC.chanceD.method4.A.graspB.drawC.balanceD.afford5.A.casuallyB.amazinglyC.obviouslyD.seriously6.A.examiningB.touchingC.reachingD.feeling7.A.newB.realC.specialD.strong8.A.limitsB.waysC.rulesD.behaviors9.A.curiousB.energeticC.confidentD.anxious10A.suitableB.regretfulC.responsibleD.grateful第二節(jié)：語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)所給詞的正確形式填空。NaomiWatts,oneofHollywood'sgreatest11(star),wasborninEnglandon28thSeptember,1968.Atsevenshe12(begin)tofollowhermotherandherbrotheraroundEnglanduntilin1982(heysettledinAustraliawhereNaomipersuadedhermothertolethertakeactingclasses.Afterbitpartsincommercials,shelandedherfirstroleinFor【2題詳解】考杳副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，三個(gè)月前，當(dāng)我有機(jī)會(huì)測(cè)試一種新的機(jī)械手時(shí)，一切都改變了。A.however然而；B.instead代替，反而；C.thus因此；D.moreover此外。根據(jù)上文“Even[thingslikegettingdressedwereunbelievablydifficult.”可知，甚至像穿衣服這樣簡(jiǎn)單的事情都難以置信的困難，而下文中又提到“一切都改變了“，由此可知，上下文之間形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.space空間；B.power權(quán)力，力量；C.chance機(jī)會(huì)；D.method方法。根據(jù)"totestanewrobotichand.”可知，作者得到了一個(gè)測(cè)試機(jī)械手的機(jī)會(huì)。故選Co【4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：有了這只新手，我可以移動(dòng)我的手指，抓住非常小的東西，比如鋼筆和鉛筆。A.grasp理解，抓?。籅.draw畫畫；C.balance平衡;D.afford付得起。根據(jù)“l(fā)ikepensandpencils”可知,這只機(jī)械手可以幫助作者抓住像鋼筆和鉛筆這種小東西。故選A?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：更令人驚訝的是，我的機(jī)械手能夠感受到不同程度的壓力，就像一只真正的手一樣。A.casually隨意地;B.amazingly令人驚訝地；C.obviously明顯地;D.seriously嚴(yán)重地。根據(jù)“itconstantlysurprisesme”可知，這只機(jī)械手的功能讓作者感到驚訝。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.examining檢查；B.【ouching接觸：C.reaching到達(dá);D.feeling感覺(jué)。根據(jù)“varyingdegreesofpressure”可知，機(jī)械手能夠感受到不同程度的壓力。故選D?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.new新；B.real真正的；C.special特別的；D.strong強(qiáng)壯的。根據(jù)“More5.myrobotichandiscapableof6varyingdegreesofpressure”可知，機(jī)械手能夠感受到不同程度的壓力，就像真正的手一樣。故選B?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在過(guò)去的三個(gè)月里，我一直在測(cè)試我的新手的極限，它不斷地讓我驚訝。A.limits限制；B.ways方法；C.rules規(guī)則；D.behaviors行為。根據(jù)"IhaverediscoveredhobbiesIenjoyedbeforemyaccident.Forexample,IhavebeencookingformyfamilysinceIgotmynewhand.”可知，作者一直在測(cè)試新手的極限，最后重:獲了以前的愛(ài)好。故選A?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我不僅可以做得更多，而且當(dāng)我和朋友出去玩的時(shí)候，我也會(huì)感到更自信。A.curious好奇的;B.energetic精力充沛的;C.confident自信的;D.anxious焦慮的。根據(jù)“iustlikca7hand”可知,感覺(jué)自己的機(jī)械手像真的手一樣，作者恢復(fù)了自信。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在我很感激我的機(jī)械手為我打開(kāi)了所有新的可能性。A.suitable合適的；B.regretful后悔的；C.responsible負(fù)責(zé)任的;D.grateful感激的。根據(jù)“allthenewpossibilitiesmyrobotichandhasopenedup”可知，作者為機(jī)械手給自己生活帶來(lái)的新的可能性表示感謝。故選D“第二節(jié)：語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)所給詞的正確形式填空。NaomiWatts,oneofHollywood'sgreatest11(star),wasbominEnglandon28"September,1968.Atsevenshe12(begin)tofollowhermotherandherbrotheraroundEnglanduntilin1982theysettledinAustraliawhereNaomipersuadedhermothertolethertakeactingclasses.Afterbitpartsincommercials,shelandedherfirstroleinForLoveAlone.LaterherpartinthefilmMulhollandDriveshowedherstrongactingability,andearned13(she)muchrespect.題答案】【答案】11.stars12.began13.her【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了好萊塢影星娜奧米?沃茨?！?1題詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：娜奧米?沃茨，好萊塢最偉大的明星之一，1968年9月28日出生于英國(guó)。oneof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，意為“……之一”，用名詞star的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填stars?！?2題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：七歲時(shí)，她開(kāi)始跟隨母親和哥哥在英國(guó)四處流浪，直到1982年他們?cè)诎拇罄麃喍ň酉聛?lái)，在那里，娜奧米說(shuō)服母親讓她上表演課。根據(jù)“atseven”和“in1982”可知，此處陳述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填begano【13題詳解】考查代詞。句意：后來(lái)，她在電影《穆赫蘭道》中的角色展示了她強(qiáng)大的演技，為她贏得了很多尊重?？仗幮杼畲~作earned的賓語(yǔ)，需用賓格形式。故填her。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)所給詞的正確形式填空。Onewaytoimproveyourlearningisthroughcriticalthinking,14isanecessaryskill.Theeasiestway15(learn)tothinkcriticallyistoforceyourselftoquestioneverything.IstillrememberwhenIwasatuniversity,myclassmatesandI16(encourage)tochallengeeachotherandourprofessors.Itcouldbeverychallenging,butitwasawayofdevelopingcriticalthinking.Sotrytodevelopyourpowerofcriticalthinking.Anddon'tbelieveeverythingyoureadorsee.Thinkforyourself.【14~16題答案】【答案】14.whichtolearnwereencouraged【解析】【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章作者通過(guò)自己的經(jīng)歷告訴我們學(xué)會(huì)批判性思考的最簡(jiǎn)單方法就是強(qiáng)迫自己質(zhì)疑一切。【14題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：提高學(xué)習(xí)能力的一個(gè)方法是通過(guò)批判性思維，這是一項(xiàng)必要的技能?？仗幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞criticaldiinking,指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),需用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填which。15題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：學(xué)會(huì)批判性思考的最簡(jiǎn)單方法就是強(qiáng)迫自己質(zhì)疑一切。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is,空處需填動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞way。故填tolearn?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：我仍然記得當(dāng)我在大學(xué)的時(shí)候，我的同學(xué)和我被鼓勵(lì)去挑戰(zhàn)彼此和我們的教授。此處陳述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主語(yǔ)myclassmatesandI和encourage是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用或數(shù)形式。故填wereencouraged。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)所給詞的正確形式填空。Someanimalspecies17(develop)amazinglycomplicatedwaysofcommunicatingwithoneanothersincetheyappearedontheplanet.But(herearehugedifferences18thewaysanimalscommunicateandthewayshumanbeingsdo.Whenanimalsmakeasound,suchasabarkoracall,itisreactionto19ishappeningaroundthem.Analarmcallmeanstheyare20(frighten).Ahungercallmeanstheywantfood.Animals,though,cannotmakeacallmeaning“Iwasscaredyesterday/'or'THbehungrytomorrow."Onlyhumanbeingsarccapableofdoingthis.【17~20題答案】【答案】17.havedcvclopcd##havcbeendevelopingbetweenwhat20.frightened【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了動(dòng)物的交流方式和人類的交流方式有很大的不同?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：一些動(dòng)物物種自出現(xiàn)在地球上以來(lái)，已經(jīng)發(fā)展出了相當(dāng)復(fù)雜的相互溝通方式。根據(jù)“sincethey叩pearedontheplanet”可知，空處使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或者現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或者一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并將繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。主語(yǔ)為Someanimalspecies,助動(dòng)詞用have。故填havedcvelopcd/havcbeendeveloping。【18題詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：但是動(dòng)物的交流方式和人類的交流方式有很大的不同。between...and…為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“在二者之間“。故填between。19題詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：當(dāng)動(dòng)物發(fā)出聲音時(shí)，比如吠叫或呼叫，這是對(duì)它們周圍發(fā)生的事情的反應(yīng)?？粘鲆龑?dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少主語(yǔ)，需用連接代詞what引導(dǎo)。故填what?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：警報(bào)信號(hào)意味著它們受到了驚嚇?？仗幮杼钚稳菰~作表語(yǔ)，此處表示“感到……的"，需用-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞。故填frightened。第二部分、閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AAlthoughapopularchoicefbrheatingourhomes,gasboilersarefilledwithproblems.Lackofroom-by-roomcontrolmeansyoucouldbeleftcoldandunhappy,meanwhilepossiblypollutingtheenvironmentwithharmfulgases.Theinefficiencyofgasheaterscouldalsocostyouhundredsofpoundsinrepairs.TheFutureisElectricTheFischerEBisanelectricboilerthathasbeenbuiltwiththefutureinmind.Withnoneedforoutsidewatertanks,theFischerEBisamodernandefficientheatingsolutiontoreplaceyouroutdatedheating.Madefromaspecialsteel,FischerEBisbuilttolastandsimpletooperate.Andwithnoadditionalneedforservicing,youcanenjoypeaceofmindknowingthereisnoriskofyourboilerbreakingdown.CompleteControlFischerEBcomeswithawireless（hermostal（恒溫計(jì)）ihathasbeendesignedforeasyandsimpleuse.ProgramyourFischerEBboilertomakesureyouaregettingtherighttemperaturewhenyouneedit.Nowastedheat,nowastedenergyandnomorefearwhentheweathertakesaturnfortheworse.AtthetouchofabuttonyouwillexperiencethewarmthandcomfortofFischerEB.MakeadifferencetotheenvironmentFischerElectricBoilersrunonlyonelectricity,meaningifyouaresuppliedwithrenewableenergyyoucanheatyourhomewithoutworryingaboutanyharmfulgasesorpollutants.Installation（安裝）iseasyandsimple.Youcanrelaxwhenknowingthereisnoneedfbrmaintainingorservice.AcleanerfutureActnow!ApplyanenergyefficientFischerElectricboilerandreplaceyourhuge,inefficientgasoroilboiler.Benefitfromcontrollabilityandcomfortthiswinter.YoucanlearnmoreaboutFischerEBbycalling08001032672orbyvisitingthewebsiteat:.TheFischerEBisenvironmentalfriendlymainlybecause.itcostslessmoneyinrepairsitrunsonlyonelectricityit'ssimpletooperateit'seasytomaintainWithaFischerEB,peoplecancontrolthetemperatureby.usingaspecialsteelinstallingawaterlankaddinganextrabuttonprogrammingtheboilerThepurposeofthepassageisto.findanapplicantshareatechnologypromoteaproductintroduceaservice【21~23題答案】【答案】21.B22.D23.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一則廣告，主要介紹了費(fèi)舍爾電鍋爐這個(gè)產(chǎn)品?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“FischerElectricBoilersrunonlyonelectricity,meaningifyouaresuppliedwithrenewableenergyyoucanheatyourhomewithoutworryingaboutanyharmfulgasesorpolhitants.（費(fèi)舍爾電鍋爐只靠電力運(yùn)行，這意味著如果你使用可再生能源，你可以為你的家供暖，而不用擔(dān)心任何有害氣體或污染物。）”可知，費(fèi)舍爾電鍋爐是環(huán)保的主要原因是它只靠電力運(yùn)行。故選B?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“ProgramyourFischerEBboilertomakesureyouarcgettingtherighttemperaturewhenyouneedil.（給你的費(fèi)舍爾電鍋爐的恒溫計(jì)編程，確保你在需要的時(shí)候得到正確的溫度。）“可知，使用費(fèi)舍爾電鍋爐，人們可以通過(guò)對(duì)溫計(jì)編程來(lái)控制溫度。故選D?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Actnow!ApplyanenergyefficientFischerElectricboilerandreplaceyourhuge,inefficientgasoroilboiler.Benefitfromcontrollabilityandcomfortthiswinter.（現(xiàn)在就行動(dòng)!使用節(jié)能的費(fèi)舍爾電鍋爐，并替換您巨大的，低效的燃?xì)饣蛉加湾仩t。這個(gè)冬天從可控性和舒適度中受益。戶可知，文章的主要目的是推銷費(fèi)舍爾電鍋爐這個(gè)產(chǎn)品。故選C。BAs17-year-oldNorwooddrovethroughSt.Petersburg,Florida,lastFebruary,thelaughterandchatterfromthefourteenagegirlsinsidehercarquicklygavewaytoscreams.Astheyapproachedacrossroad,anothercarT-bonedthem,sendingtheirblackcarsailingintotheyardofanearbyhouse,comingtoastoponlywhenitcrashedintoatree.Assmokerosefromtheothercar,abystandershouted,"It'sabouttoblowup!Getout!”TheimpacthadcavedinNorwood'sdriver'ssidedoor,jammingitshut.Shaken,butstillOK,shecrawledoutthroughthewindow.Alongwithtwoofherfriends,who'dalsomanagedtofreethemselves,sheranforherlife.Buthalfwaydownthestreet,sherealizedthatherbestfriend,Simmons,wasn'twiththem.NorwoodranbacktotheseriouslydamagedcarandfoundSimmonslyinginthebackseat."Shewasn'tmoving,MNorwoodtoldthereporter.Shethrewopenthebackdoorandpulledherfriendout,avoidingthebrokenglassasbestshecould.ShedraggedSimmonsafewfeettosafetyandlaidherontheground.UIcheckedherpulse."Nothing."Iputmyheadagainstherchest.^^Nosignoflife."That'swhenIstartedCPR.^^Iftheaccidenthadhappenedafewweeksearlier,shemightnothaveknownwhattodo.ButNorwood,whowantstopursueacareerinmedicine,hadearnedherCPRcertificatejustthedaybefore.Kneelingonthelawnandlookingdownatherdyingfriend,Norwoodknewshehadpreciouslittletimetopracticewhatshe'dlearned.

ShestartedpressingSimmons'schestwithhercrossedfingersandbreathingintoherfriend'smouthinhopesoffillingherlungswiththekissoflife.Noresponse.Andthen,afterthe30thpress,Simmonsbegancoughingandgaspingforair.TheCPRhadworked!Soon,anambulancearrivedandrushedSimmonstothehospital,whereshereceivedstitches（縫合）forawoundinherforehead.Andthensheheardhowherbestfriendhadsavedherlife.wasn'tshocked,nsaidSimmons.uShcwillalwayshelpanywayshecan."OnadayoflastFebruary,Norwoodandherfriends.witnessedacrashdroveintoahouseranintoanaccidentgotstuckinatrafficjamNorwoodranbacktothedamagedcarjustinorderto.ApracticeCPRB.helpherfriendoutD.stoptheexplosionD.stoptheexplosionD.stoptheexplosionC.openthebackdoorWhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeNorwood?D.stoptheexplosionC.Ambitious.B.BreathoflifeD.LossofmemoryD.Optimistic.C.Ambitious.B.BreathoflifeD.LossofmemoryD.Optimistic.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.PursuitofdreamC.Recoveryfrominjury【24?27題答案】【答案】24.C25.B26.A27.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了諾伍德在發(fā)生交通事故后，用心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)救了自己朋友的性命?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Astheyapproachedacrossroad,anothercarT-bonedthem,sendingtheirblackcarsailingintotheyardofanearbyhouse,comingtoastoponlywhenitcrashedintoatree.（當(dāng)他們接近一個(gè)十字路口時(shí)，另一一輛車從他們身上撞過(guò)來(lái)，把他們的黑色轎車撞進(jìn)了附近一所房子的院子里，直到撞上一棵樹(shù)才停了下來(lái)。）“可知，去年2月的一天，諾伍德和她的朋友們?cè)庥隽艘粓?chǎng)交通事故。故選C?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Buthalfxvaydownthestreet,sherealizedthatherbestfriend,Simmons,wasn'twiththem.NorwoodranbacktotheseriouslydamagedcarandfoundSimmonslyinginthebackseat.（但走到一半的時(shí)候，她意識(shí)至lj她最好的朋友西蒙斯并沒(méi)有和他們?cè)谝黄稹ＶZ伍德跑回?fù)p壞嚴(yán)重的汽車旁，發(fā)現(xiàn)西蒙斯躺在后座上。）”和“Shethrewopenthebackdoorandpulledherfriendout,avoidingthebrokenglassasbestshecould.（她猛地打開(kāi)后fJ,把她的朋友拉了出來(lái)，盡量避開(kāi)那些碎玻璃。）”可知，諾伍德跑回被撞壞的車旁，只是為了幫助她的朋友。故選B?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Assmokerosefromtheothercar,abystandershouted,"It'sabouttoblowup!Getout!”（當(dāng)另一輛車冒起煙時(shí)，一個(gè)旁觀者喊道:“要爆炸了!”出去巧”和“Shaken,butstillOK,shecrawledoutthroughthewindow.Alongwithtwoofherfriends,who'dalsomanagedtofreethemselves,sheranforherlife.（她顫抖著，但還好，從窗戶爬了出去。她和她的兩個(gè)朋友一起逃命，他們也成功逃脫了。戶以及文章第三段“Buthalfwaydownthestreet,sherealizedthatherbestfriend.Simmons,wasn'twiththem.NonvoodranbacktotheseriouslydamagedcarandfoundSimmonslyinginthebackseat.（但走到一半的時(shí)候，她意識(shí)到她最好的朋友西蒙斯并沒(méi)有和他們?cè)谝黄?。諾伍德跑回?fù)p壞嚴(yán)重:的汽車旁，發(fā)現(xiàn)西蒙斯躺在后座上.戶可知，諾伍德本來(lái)一經(jīng)成功逃脫了，卻為了救朋友重新跑【可損壞嚴(yán)重的汽車旁，由此可知，她是勇敢的。故選A?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“ShestartedpressingSimmons'schestwithhercrossedfingersandbreathingintoherfriend'smouthinhopesoffillingherlungswiththekissoflife.（她開(kāi)始用交叉的手指按壓西蒙斯的胸部，對(duì)著朋友的嘴里呼吸，希望用生命的吻填滿她的肺。丁以及文章主要講述了諾伍德在發(fā)生交通事故后，用心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)救了自己朋友的性命。由此可知，B項(xiàng)：Breathoflife（生命的呼吸）為最佳標(biāo)題。故選B.CTheterm"Pygmalionefteef'wascoinedinreferencetostudiesdoneinthe1960sontheinfluenceofteacherexpectationsonstudents'IQs.Thestudiesaskedifteachershadhighexpectations,wouldthoseexpectationsbecomeself^fulfillingprophecies（預(yù)言）regardlessofinitialIQ?Inthatparticularcase,yearsofdebateandanalysishaveresultedintheconclusionthattheeffectswerenegligible.However,theconceptofthePygmalioneffect—expectationsinfluencingperformanceandbecomingself-fulfillingprophecies—iswidespread.Manypeoplehavestoriesofachievingsomethingjustbecausesomeonehadespeciallyhighexpectationsofthem.ThePygmalioneffectsuggestsourrealityisnegotiableandcanbeinfluencedbyothers—onpurposeorbyaccident.Whatweachieve,howwethink,howweact,andhowweperceiveourcapabilitiescanbeaffectedbytheexpectationsofthosearoundus.AninterestinguseofthePygmalioneffectmightbe（hatsuggestedbyGeorgeBernardShaw'splayPygmalion.Init.ProfessorHenryHigginstakesapoorflowersellerfromthestreets.ElizaDoolittle,andbygivingherlessonshelpshersoundlikeaduchess（公爵夫人）.Beingabletospeaklikeamemberof（heupperclassesismeant（oopendoorsandgiveheropportunitiesthatshewouldotherwiseneverhave.ElizafinallyappearstobeaduchessasHigginswishes.Theexpectationspeoplehaveofusaffectusincountlesssublle（微妙的）wayseachday.LikeElizaDoolittle,（hoseexpectationsaffecttheoppoHuniliesweareoffered,howwearespokento,and（hepraiseandcriticismwereceive.Individually,thesemayhaveminimalimpact.Inthelongrun,however,theymightdecidewhetherwcsucceedorfailorfallsomewhereontherangeinbetween.ThePygmalioneffectisbestunderstoodasaremindertobemindfulofthepotentialinfluenceofourexpectations.Eveniftheeffectissmall,havinghighexpectationsinmanysituationscanonlyinspireothersregardingtheirowncapabilities.People'slimitationscanbestretchedifyouchangeyourperceptionoftheirlimitations.Alotofwhatweaccomplishinlifeisdoneingroups.Ifyouwantthepeoplearoundyoutohavesuccess,youcantryraisingyourexpectations.Ifyouexpect（heworst,you'Hprobablygetit.Whatdoestheunderlinedword''negligible''inParagraph1probablymean?A.Slight.B.Unusual.C.Important.D.Shocking.WhatcanwelearnfromthepassageaboutthePygmalioneffect?A.Itworksbetterinindividualsthaningroups.Ittakeseffectonlyinthefieldofeducation.Itstressespeople'sexpectationsonothers.Itcanincreasepeople'sinitialIQ.TheauthorillustratestheuseofthePygmalioneffectinParagraph4mainlyby.makingacomparisonprovidinganexampleintroducinganapproachpresentinganassumption【28?30題答案】【答案】28.A29.C30.B【解析】【分析】這是?一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)這一概念。【28題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文“However,theconceptofthePygmalioneffect―expectationsinfluencingperformanceandbecomingself-fulfillingprophecies（預(yù)言）一iswidespread.（然而，皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)（Pygmalioneffect）的概念預(yù)期影響業(yè)績(jī)并成為自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的預(yù)言——卻廣為流傳）“可知，劃線詞所在的句子與之意思相反，劃線詞所在句子意為“在這一特殊情況下，多年的辯論和分析得出的結(jié)論是，影響是可以忽略不計(jì)的。”，由此可知，negligible意為“輕微的故選A。【29題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“ThePygmalioneffectsuggestsourrealityisnegotiableandcanbeinfluencedbyothers一onpurposeorbyaccident.Whatweachieve,howwethink,howweact,andhowweperceiveourcapabilitiescanbeaffectedbytheexpectationsofthosearoundus.（皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)（Pygmalioneffect）表明，我們的現(xiàn)實(shí)是可以協(xié)商的，可以受到他人的影響一有意或無(wú)意。我們所取得的成就，我們?nèi)绾嗡伎?，我們?nèi)绾涡袆?dòng)，以及我們?nèi)绾慰创约旱哪芰Χ紩?huì)受到周圍人的期望的影響。）“可知，皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)了人們對(duì)他人的期望。故選C?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“AninterestinguseofthePygmalioneffectmightbethatsuggestedbyGeorgeBernardShaw*playPygmalion4蕭伯納的戲劇《皮格馬利翁》提出門支格馬利翁效應(yīng)的一個(gè)有趣用法。戶以及接下來(lái)敘述的茶花女的故事可知，作者在第4段主要通過(guò)一個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)明皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)的使用。故選B。DIt'satypicalmorningyouwakeup,takeashower,brushyourteeth,andthenstickyourarmwithatinyneedle.Wait,what?Unlessyouhaveaseriousdiseasesuchasdiabetes,youprobablyhaven'tevertestedyourownblood.Butinthefuture,thatmightchange.ThecompanyCoralreadysellsasystemforhomebloodtesting.Youstickyourarmusingasupposedlypainless,throwaway,blood-drawingcartridges（針筒）aboutthesizeofalipstick.Thenyoustickthecartridgeintoadevicethatlookslikethebaseforanelectrictoothbrush.Afewminuteslater,anapponyourphonebuzzeswithupdatedinformation,includingyourcurrenthealthstateandtipsonwhattocatandhowtoexerciseduringtheday.44Hcalthisthemostimportantthingwehave.Sowhynottrackitasoften,andaswellaspossible?^^saysCor'scompanywebsite.It'struethatbloodcontainsawealthofinformationaboutaperson'shealth.Specifictestcanrevealifapersonisinfectedwithadiseaseoratriskforavarietyofproblems,includingaheartattackorastroke.Butmostpeopledon'ttesttheirownblooduntiladoctorsaysit'stime.Healthyyoungadultsgetroutinebloodtestsabouteveryfiveyears.Thesetestshappenatalab,whereatechnicianoranursejabsalongneedleintothearmtodrawoutseveraltubesfullofblood.Corandsimilarcompanies,suchasWellnessFX,aretryingtochangeallthat.Theythinkpeopledeserveaccess(omoreinformationabouttheirownhealth.Butnoteveryoneisconvincedthatregularbloodtestingforhealthypeopleisagreatidea.Cor'ssystemisexpensiveandmaynotoffermuchbenefit."Thebest-casesituationhereisyouloseyourmoneyandthenyou'reremindedtogetmoresleepandtoeatmorefruits,vegetables,andfish,“PieterCohenofHanardMedicalSchooltoldthereporter.t€Theworstcaseofsituationisthatyouendupgettingalarmedbysupposedlyabnormalresultsthatareactuallycompletelynormalfbryou.”Plus,theresultsofahomebloodtestmightbewrong.It'shard(ogetaccurateresultsfromatinyamountofblood.Onecompany,Theranos,saiditcouldperformmedicalbloodtestsonafinger-prick'sworthofblood.Butthecompanywassoonstuckinadebateandaccusedofcheatbecauseitstechnologydidn'tseemtoworkaspromised.Whatdoyouthink?Ismonitoringyourownhealthbypinpricks(針刺)thewayofthefuture?Orisitbettertoleavebloodtestingtomedicalprofessionals?WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?Whythehomebloodtestingsystemshouldbeapplied.Whatcanbedonewiththehomebloodtestingsystem.Whomightusethehomebloodtestingsystem.Howthehomebloodtestingsystemworks.Somedoubtregularhomebloodtestingmainlybecauseitvidepeoplewithmisleadinginformationleadpeopletoariskforvariousproblemstrackpeople'sprivateinformationonlinecostpeoplealargeamountofmoneyWhatcanwcinferfromthepassage?It'spossibletohavehomebloodtesteverydayinthefuture.Homebloodtestcanprovideaccurateresulttocurediseases.Healthyyoungpeopleneedn'thavehomebloodtestveryoften.ThecompanyCoroftenmisleadspeoplebygivingfalseresults.Whatisauthor'sattitudetowardshomebloodtests?A.Supportive.B.Negative.C.Doubtful.D.Objective.【31~34題答案】【答案】31.D32.A33.A34.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了家庭血液檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的利弊?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ThecompanyCoralreadysellsasystemforhomebloodtesting.Youstickyourarmusingasupposedlypainless,throwaway,blood-drawingcartridgesaboutthesizeofalipstick.Thenyoustickthecartridgeintoadevicethatlookslikethebaseforanelectrictoothbrush.Afewminuteslater,anapponyourphonebuzzeswithupdatedinformation,includingyourcurrenthealthstateandtipsonwhattoeatandhowtoexerciseduringtheday.（Cor公司己經(jīng)在銷售一種家庭血液檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)。你用一支口紅大小的抽血筒插入手臂，這種抽血筒應(yīng)該是無(wú)痛的，一次性的。然后你把墨盒插入一個(gè)看起來(lái)像電動(dòng)牙刷底座的裝置中。幾分鐘后，你手機(jī)上的一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序就會(huì)為你提供更新的信息，包括你當(dāng)前的健康狀況，以及關(guān)于白天吃什么和如何鍛煉的提示。戶可知，文章第二段主要講述了家庭血液檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)是如何工作的。故選D。【32題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Plus,theresultsofahomebloodtestmightbewrong.It'shardtogetaccurateresultsfromatinyamountofblood.（另外，家庭血檢的結(jié)果可能是錯(cuò)誤的。從少量血液中很難得到準(zhǔn)確的結(jié)果。戶可知，一些人懷疑定期的家庭血液檢測(cè)，主要是因?yàn)樗赡軙?huì)給人們提供誤導(dǎo)信息。故選A?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句"Butinthefuture,thatmightchange.（但在未來(lái)，這種情況可能會(huì)改變。）“和文章第二段“ThecompanyCoralreadysellsasystemforhomebloodtcsting.（Cor公司已經(jīng)在銷售一種家庭血液檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)。戶可推知，將來(lái)可以每天在家驗(yàn)血。故選A。【34題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段"It'struethatbloodcontainsawealthofinformationaboutaperson'shealth.Specifictestcanrevealifapersonisinfectedwithadiseaseoratriskforavarietyofproblems,includingaheartattackorastroke/的確，血液中含有關(guān)于一個(gè)人健康的豐富信息。特定的測(cè)試可以揭示一個(gè)人是否感染了某種疾病，或者是否存在各種問(wèn)題的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，包括心臟病發(fā)作或中風(fēng)。）“可知，作者認(rèn)為驗(yàn)血能夠揭示一些疾?。桓鶕?jù)文章第五段“Butnoteveryoneisconvincedthatregularbloodtestingforhealthypeopleisagreatidea.（但并不是每個(gè)人都相信對(duì)健康人進(jìn)行定期血液檢測(cè)是個(gè)好主意。戶和文章第六段“Phis,theresultsofahomebloodtestmightbewrong.（另外，家庭血檢的結(jié)果可能是錯(cuò)誤的。）“可知，作者又提出了家庭驗(yàn)血的不利之處。由此可知，作者對(duì)家庭血檢持客觀態(tài)度。故選D,第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WakingUpanHourEarlierCanHelpFightDepressionAdequate（充足的）sleepisessentialformaintaininggoodphysicalandmentalhealth.Now.newresearchhasrevealedthatgoodhealthalsodependsonsleepschedules.Infact,wakingupanhourearlierisgenerallyfoundtohelppreventorfightagainstmajordepression.ThisdiscoverywasmadeinastudyconductedbyresearchersfromtheUniversityofColoradoin2021.Theyfoundthatwakingupanhourearlierhelpspeoplewhousuallygeluplaterimprovetheirmood.35Thisresearchaddstoothersimilarstudieswhichsuggestedthatearlyriserstendtobehealthier.Atthesametime,thefactthatwakingupanhourearlierimprovesthemoodisassociatedwithenjoyingmorehoursofsunshinetoalargeextent.Thestudystartedfromtheassumptionthatifpeoplegotobedanhourearlier,they'llalsowakeupanhourearlier.Basedonthisidea,theresearcherscametotheconclusionthatifpeoplewhogotobedat3am.decidetogotobedat2am,theirriskofsufferingfromdepressionisreducedby23percent.36LoveAlone.LaterherpartinthefilmMulhollandDriveshowedherstrongactingability,andearned13(she)muchrespect.B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)所給詞的正確形式填空。Onewaytoimproveyourlearningisthroughcriticalthinking,14isanecessaryskill.Theeasiestway15(learn)tothinkcriticallyistoforceyourselftoquestioneverything.IstillrememberwhenIwasatuniversity,myclassmatesandI16(encourage)tochallengeeachotherandourprofessors.Itcouldbeverychallenging,butitwasawayofdevelopingcriticalthinking.Sotrytodevelopyourpowerofcriticalthinking.Anddon'tbelieveeverythingyoureadorsee.Thinkforyourself.C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫I個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)所給詞的正確形式填空。Someanimalspecies17(develop)amazinglycomplicatedwaysofcommunicatingwithoneanothersincetheyappearedontheplanet.Buttherearehugedifferences18thewaysanimalscommunicateandthewayshumanbeingsdo.Whenanimalsmakeasound,suchasabarkoracall,itisreactionto19ishappeningaroundthem.Analarmcallmeanstheyare20(frighten).Ahungercallmeanstheywantfood.Animals,though,cannotmakeacallmeaning“Iwasscaredyesterday."or"I'llbehungrytomorrow."Onlyhumanbeingsarccapableofdoingthis.第二部分、閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題：每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AAlthoughapopularchoiceforheatingourhomes,gasboilersarcfilledwithproblems.Lackofroom-by-roomcontrolmeansyoucouldbeleftcoldandunhappy,meanwhilepossiblypollutingtheenvironmentwithharmfulgases.Theinefficiencyofgasheaterscouldalsocostyouhundredsofpoundsinrepairs.TheFutureisElectricTheFischerEBisanelectricboilerthathasbeenbuiltwith(hefutureinmind.Withnoneedforoutsidewatertanks,theFischerEBisamodernandefficientheatingsolutiontoreplaceyouroutdatedheating.Madefromaspecialsteel,FischerEBisbuilttolastandsimpletooperate.Andwithnoadditionalneedforservicing,youcanenjoypeaceofmindknowingthereisnoriskofyourboilerbreakingdown.CompleteControlFischerEBcomeswithawirelessthermostat('恒溫計(jì))thathasbeendesignedforeasyandsimpleuse.ProgramyourFischerEBboilertomakesureyouaregettingtherighttemperaturewhenyouneedit.Nowastedheat,nowastedenergyandnomorefearwhentheweathertakesaturnfortheworse.AtthetouchofabuttonyouwillexperiencethewarmthandcomfortofFischerEB.MakeadifferencetotheenvironmentFischerElectricBoilersrunonlyonelectricity,meaningifyouaresuppliedwithrenewableenergyyoucanheatyourhomewithoutworryingaboutanyharmfulgasesorpollutants.Installation(安裝)isea