Lesson Eleven The Future of the English第十一課英語的未來

LessonElevenTheFutureoftheEnglishBackgroundInformationJohnBoyntonPriestley(1894-1984)Englishwriter,bornon13,Sept.1894,Bradford,Yorkshire,sonofaschoolmaster,servedintheinfantryduringWWI,afterwhichheattendedtheUniversityofCambridgewherehestudiedEnglishliterature,modernhistory,andpoliticalscience.Anewspaperessayistandcritic,hewroteonavarietyofsubjectsandoftenrevealedhisoppositiontomaterialismandmechanizationinsociety.ThepublicationofTheGoodCompanions(1929)andAngelPavement(1930)establishedhimasasuccessfulpopularnovelist.Thesenovels—long,oftensentimental,packedwithlivingcharacters—testifytoPriestley’sastoundingpowerofobservation,tohisnarrativegifts,andtohiscraftsmanship.Priestleybeganhiscareerasaplaywrightin1932withDangerousCorner.Whereashisnovelsweretraditionalinform,hisplayswereexperimental,particularlyintheirtreatmentoftimeandofpastandfutureevents.Priestley'smajorplaysincludeWhenWeAreMarried(1938),AnInspectorCalls(1946),andDragon'sMouth(1952).LaterbooksincludetheautobiographicalMarginReleased(1962),ManandTime(1964),EssaysofTwoDecades(1968),TheEdwardians(1970),andTheEnglish(1973).Priestleyhasperhapsidentifiedhimselfmoresuccessfullythananyothernovelistinthefirsthalfofthe20thcenturywiththethoughtsandfeelingsoftheordinaryEnglishman,abeingwhosecharacterheoutlineswithvigorandgoodhumor.Afterdecliningaknighthoodandapeerage,PriestleyTypeoftheTextItispartanexpositionandpartapersuasionoranargument.Inmanyrespectsexpositionandargumentarecloselyrelated.Allargumentcontainsalargeamountofexposition,forwemustmakeourhearersandreadersunderstandbeforewecanreallyconvincethemthatouropinionistherightone.Thechiefdifferencebetweenexpositionandargumentisthis:expositionisanexplanationoffactsorofthewayinwhichsth.isdone,tomakeotherpeopleunderstand;argumentisanattempttoleadotherpeopletobelievethatouropinionaboutsth.isthecorrectoneandtoinducethemtoadoptthisopinionastheirown.Somepeopledifferentiatebetweenpersuasionandargument.Thepurposeofpersuasionistomakepeopleactinacertainway,whilethepurposeofargumentisconvinceothersofthetruthorfalsityofsth.indispute.Butmanycombinethesetwofunctionsunderonebeading,eitherthatofpersuasionorargument.Persuasionmaybehonestordishonest.Thespeakerorthewritermayuseormisuseemotionalappeals.Honestpersuasionpresentsfactshonestlyandclearlytoconvinceandpersuadeanditmaybereinforcedbyasincereappealtotheemotions.Anhonestpersuaderadmitshispurpose,eliminatesopposingviewswithoutattackingthosewhoholdthem,avoidsexcessiveappealstoemotions,presentscogentlybutfairlyhisposition,andallowsthereaderorlistenertodrawhisownconclusionsoraccepttheconclusionadvancedonthebasisoftheevidenceaswellasthepowerofthepersuader.Dishonestpersuasionmisusesemotionalappealsbyappealingtothebaseremotionsofmensuchashate,jealousy,envy,greed,etc.;orbyabusingtheappealstoloveoffreedom,countryandfellowmen.Thedishonestpersuaderwilldistorthisfactsandevidence.Suchdistortionsmaybedonebyomission,flattery,theuseofsuperlativesandconnotativewords,falseanalogy,etc.Argumentsaresometimesclassifiedaseitherformalorinformal.Formalargumentisanattempt,bymeansofsystematicreasoninganddirectproof,toconvincepersonsofthetruthorfalsityofagivenproposition.Itdemandsthatallimportantcontentions(issues)besupportedbymaterialevidenceintheformofproofandthatthisevidencebearrangedandpresentedaccordingtoafixedlogicalplan.Informalargumentiscloselyakintologicalexposition.Ininformalargumentthereisnotthesamenecessityasinformalargumenttocitematerialevidencefroeverystatementmade.Thoughinformalargumentlackstheelaboratestructureandtheexhaustivetreatmentofformalargument,itisoftenveryeffective.Persuasionnaturallyplaysanimportantpart.Anargumentorpersuasionisgenerallycenteredaroundacontroversialtopicorthesisandaroundthisaredevelopedthemainpointsoftheargument.Thethesisandtheissuesaregenerallypresentedclearlyandunambiguouslysothereadersknowwhattheargumentisabout.Thewriterthenpresentstheissuescogentlybuthonestly,puttingforwardallrelevantevidence,proof,orreasoningtosupporthispointortorefutethatofhisopponent.Itgenerallyendswithasummaryoftheconclusionsreachedorwithanemphaticrepletionofthepositionofthewriter.“TheFutureoftheEnglish”islooselyorganizedandasaforementioned,itispartexpositionandpartargument.Thethesisoftheexpositionisstatedinthetitle.ThewriteristryingtoexplainthefutureoftheEnglishpeoplebuthedoesn’treallystatewhatthatfutureisgoingtobe.HeleavesthequestionopenandconcludestheessaywithstatementspointingoutwhathethinkswillhelptheEnglishpeopletofacethefutureproperlyandnotbedefeatedbyapoorerandharderwayoflife.HethinkstheEnglishneedbothadirectionandagreatliftoftheheartandtheymustnotrejecttheirEnglishness.Thedominantintentionorthecontroversialtopic(thesis)ofhisargumentisstatedearlyinpara.1inonesuccinctsentence:“TheEnglisharedifferent”.Aroundthiscentraltopic,Priestleydevelops5or6pointsoftheargument:1.ItisinstinctivefeelingandnotrationalthoughtthatshapesandcolorsactualeventsinEngland.2.TheEnglishdonotfeelathomeinthecontemporaryworld,representingtheaccelerateddevelopmentofourwholeage.Theyaresuspiciousoflargeness,severeefficiencyandadmass.3.TheEnglisharealsodeeplysuspiciousofchangeforchange’ssake.4.TheEnglishcansoonfeelboredandthat’swhytheygambleandboozesomuchandenjoyanydramaticchangeinpubliclife.5.TheEnglishhaveasenseofcommunity,decentfellowfeeling,fairness.6.TheEnglishareatheartandatrootanimaginativepeopleimmediatelyresponsivetoanysuggestionofdramaintheirlives.Priestly,however,doesnotprovidesufficientevidencetosupporthisposition,norishisreasoningonsomepointslogicallysound.Hencenotallhisissuesorconflictsallresolved.Thisisaratherinformalpieceofargumentsothewriterdoesn’tmarshalenoughevidencetoprovehispoints.InfactheappealsmoretotheemotionsofhisEnglishreadersthantotheirreasontodrivehomehispointofview.ForexampleinhisfirstissuehestatesthatitisinstinctivefeelingandnotrationalthoughtthatshapesandcolorsactualeventsinEngland.Tosupportthispointofview,PriestlystatestherearefewerfascistsinEnglandthaninmanyothercountries.Fromthisthereaderconcludesmorefascistsaretobefoundincountrieswhererationalthoughtandnotinstinctivefeelingshapeandcoloursactualevents.Butonefailstofindthelogicalconnectionbetweenrationalthoughtandfascism.FurthermoreonehastoacceptPriestley’sstatementthattherearefewerfascistsandfanaticalbelieversinEnglandwithoutanysupportingevidenceorproof.Despitesomeoftheseshortcomings,theessayishighlyreadable.Thereaderismovedbythesincerityandintensityofthefeelingsofthewriterandfeelsthatthewriter,perhaps,hastherightinstinctivefeelingofwhattheEnglisharelike.Priestley’ssmoothandpolishedstylemakestheessayapleasuretoread.DetailedStudyoftheText§Whatisbeingtalkedaboutinthisessay?Whatisthethemeofit?IntheessayPriestlydoesn’texplainwhatthefutureoftheEnglishisgoingtobe,buthedoesexplainwhatthefutureoftheEnglishhangsupon.TheirfuturedependsontheoutcomeofthestrugglebetweentheirEnglishnessandAdmass;ontheroleoftheEnglishworkersandtheirunionbossesplay;ontherolethemenandwomenintheprofessionalclassesplay;onhowtheyoungdevelop;onthekindofpoliticalleaderstheyhave;onwhethertheyrejecttheirEnglishnessornot.P1:standard:regular,typicalcosmopolitan:commontothewholeworldstuff:foolishorworthlessideas,words,actions,etcleft:thepeopleandgroupswhoadvocateliberal,oftenradicalmeasurestoeffectchangeintheestablishedorder,esp.inpolitics,usu.toachievetheequality,freedom,andwell-beingofthecommoncitizensofastateright:thepeopleandgroupswhoadvocatetheadoptionofconservativeorreactionarymeasures,esp.ingovernmentandpoliticstrouble:effort,bother,painsTowriteabout…trouble:TodescribetheEnglishpeopleinpoliticaltermsthataregenerallyusedallovertheworldsuchasbeingpoliticallyleft,centreorright,willresultinawasteoftimeandeffort.§Whereisthetopicbeingproposed?TheEnglisharedifferentisthethesisorcontroversialtopicoftheargumentofthisessay.TheEnglishareeven…feeltheyare:TheEnglishboththinkandfeeltheyaredifferent.Butwhattheyfeelandnotwhattheythinkisclosertoactualreality.Theirinstinctivefeelingismorereliablethantheirrationalthought.§Thisisaninsertedellipticalphrase“Englishnessagain”,willyoucompleteitintoaclause?Itstandsforperhaps:“ThisshowstheirEnglishnessagain”Andwhattheyfeel…theythink:SofromtheproceedingsentenceoneconcludeswhattheEnglishfeelismoreimportantthanwhattheythink.ThisisapartoftheEnglishnationalcharacter.instinctivefeeling:naturalorinbornfeelingofapersonrationalthought:thoughtarrivedatafterreasoning;thoughtnotinfluencedbytheemotionsshape:todirectorconduct(one’slife,thecourseofevents)color:toalterorinfluencetosomedegree,asbydistortionorexaggerationItisinstinctivefeeling…inEngland:EverythingthathappensinEnglandisdirectedandinfluencedbyinstinctivefeelingandnotrationalthought.§Whatisthefunctionofthissentenceinthewholeessay?ThisisthefirstpointsupportingPriestley’sargumentthattheEnglisharedifferent.P2:seemtobesosharplydivided:seemtohaveseriousdisagreementsamongthemselvesindulge:toyieldtothedesiresof,esp.toanexcessivedegreeofloudpoliticalabuse:alwaystobeabusingpoliticallyeachotherloudlyneofascists:anewtype,ornewbreedoffascists(differentfromtheoldfascistswhofirstappearedinMussolini’sItalyorHitler’sGermany)potentialfascists:possiblefascists;peoplewhomightbecomefasciststherearenothinglikesomany…:aBritishEnglishconstruction.Ordinarilyonewouldjustsay:therearen’tsomany…therearefewerCommunistsorfascistsinEnglandthaninmostothercountries.§Whatisthefunctionofthesentence:“Forexample…othercountries”?ItisthematerialevidencetosupportPriestley’sfirstpointorissue.§Whatcanweinferfromtheadv.“Again”thatbeginsanothersentence?Wecouldinferthatthefollowingsentencecouldbeasecondpieceofmaterialevidencetosupportthewriter’sfirstpoint.havemorethantheirshare:havemorethantheyshouldhave;havecomparativelymorethanothercountries(esp.whenconsideringthesmallsizeofthecountryandthepopulation)confrontationswithauthority:toopposedefiantlythegovernment,police,bosses,etcmurderous:capableof,guiltyof,orintendingmurderencounter:ahostileoradversarialconfrontationscuffle:arough,disorderlystruggleatclosequartersendatworseinafewscufflesandarrests:theworstthingthatwouldhappenwouldbesomefistfightandthearrestsofafewdemonstratorsorprotestersreservoir:asupply,esp.anextraorreservesupplybelowthenoisyarguments…fellow-feeling:theEnglishpeoplemayhotlyargueandabuseandquarrelwitheachotherbuttherestillexistsalotofnaturalsympatheticfeelingforeachotherdrawon:toobtainsth.fromareserve,store,etc.eg.todrawonone’simaginationNoteverybody…reservoir:Noteverybodymayhaveorbeabletodisplaythisinstinctivefellow-feeling.shopsteward:apersonchosenbyhisfellowtradeunionistsinanindustrialestablishmenttospeakforthemtothemanagementandtowatchovertheirinterests商店服務員snarlingshopstewards:theseshopstewardswhentheynegotiatewiththemanagementalwaysspeakharshlyandangrilywhattheyreallywant…ofliberty:whattheseshopstewardsreallywanttodoistooverthrowthewholeexistingsystemofgovernment,togetherwitheveryguaranteeoflibertywhichtheworkersnowenjoy.whosmileattheTVcameras:whosmilewhentheyarebeingfilmedbyTVcamerasatheart:inone’sinnermostorhiddennature;secretlyorfundamentallytotakeawhipto:towhipwholeidletroublesomemobofthem:alltheworkerswhoarelazyandcausetroubleallthetimeatheartthey…mobofthem:whatthewealthyemployerswouldreallyliketodoistowhipalltheworkerswhomtheyconsidertobelazyandtroublesomepeopleboard:boardofmanagers;governingboardofafactoryshop:abbreviatedformofworkshoptherearenotmany…shopfloor:therearenotmanysnarlingshopstewardsintheworkshop,noraretheremanycruelwealthyemployersontheboardofmanagers(orgovernmentboardofafactory)§Whatdoes“cancer”refertohere?Itreferstosomethingdestructiveandmalignantintheircharacter.Itisametaphor.Somecancer…Englishness:ThesepeoplenolongerbehaveliketypicalEnglishmenbecausesomediseasehaswarpedtheircharacter.P3:§Whatdoes“inheritance”refertohere?WhatisbeingproposedinthissentencebyPriestley?ItreferstotheEnglishnessorqualitiesthatgotogetherwithEnglishnessandwhichhavebeenhandeddowngenerationaftergeneration.ThisisthesecondpointinPriestley’sargument.cannotfeelathome…ourwholeage:TheEnglisharedifferentbecausetheydonotfeelcomfortablelivingintheworldtoday,whereallkindsofdevelopmentaretakingplaceatafasterandfasterratebigness:thequality/featureofbeingbig;hereitrefersthingsthataredone/producedonabigscalesuspicious:tendingtosuspect;distrustfulItdemandsbigness…ofbigness:ThecontemporaryworlddemandsthateverythingbedoneonabigscaleandtheEnglishdonotlikeortrustbignessAndthereisnownotonly…scientificbigness:Today,notonlyindustrydoeseverythingonabigscale,allscientificworkandresearcharealsodoneonabigscale§Whatisthethingthatscientistsneedmoreandmore?Andwhatdoes“discoverlessandless”mean?Itisaplayonwords.Priestleymeansthatthescientistsneedmoremoney,morepeople,moreinstruments,etc.,fortheirworkbuttheydiscoverfewerthingsnow.reasonablyhuman:human(havinghumanqualities)toafairlysufficientextentClearlyeverything…enterprises:Itisclearthateverythingcannotbedonebyenterprisesthatarerathersmallandstillpreservereasonablyhumanqualitiescozy:smallishbutcomfortableandrelaxingNocozyshipyard…suchaship:Nosmallcomfortableshipyardcanundertaketobuilda150,000-tonship.However,wantingsuchabigshipshowsthatourmindsmaynotbesoundornormal(thatwemaynotbementallysane)safetosay:maybesaidwithoutriskofexaggerationorfalsehoodmonster:onewhoinspireshorrorordisgustButitissafetosay…h(huán)eartilywelcome:Butitwon’tbewrongtosaythatwhileEnglishnessmayunwillinglyacceptbigness,theywillneverheartilywelcomethingsthatareabnormallylarge.scale:proportion;relativedimensionsseemaltogetheroutofscaleinEnglish:TheabnormallylargethingsmaylookallrightinalargecountrylikeAmerica,buttheylookoutofproportioninasmallcountrylikeEnglandsevereefficiency:strictanddemandingefficiency§What’sthedifferencebetween“rational”and“reasonable”?Rationalmeans“consistentwithorbasedonreason”whilereasonablemeans“beingwithintheboundsofcommonsense”Thereforethisphrasemeansthatthisisoftentheproductofcoldlogicalthinkingbutnotsensible.aliento:dissimilar,inconsistent,oropposed,asinnatureto;ThereforeitisopposedorrepugnanttoEnglishness.figure:anamountrepresentedinnumbers,hereitmayrefertotheamountofproductionorsalesbrigade:agroupofpersonsorganizedforaspecificpurposerazor-keen:assharpasarazorAfurthernecessarydemand…salesman:Inordertokeeptheseabnormallyhugeenterprisesandprojectsgoingbysupplyingthemwithmoremoneyandthingsandgettinglargeprofitsoutofthem,afurtherdemandbecomesnecessary.Theyneedverybigadvertisingcampaignsandawholearmyofverysmartandshrewdsalesmen.postscript:additionalinformationappendedtothemanuscript,asofabookoranarticleapostscript…inthypurse:asanafterthoughtthewordsspokenbyIago,“Putmoneyinthypurse”,maybeaddedhereP4:§Whenthewordadmasswasfirstcoined,itmeans“sectionofthepublicthatisthoughttbeeasilyinfluencedbyadvertisingandthemedia”.Buthereithasadifferentmeaningfromitsoriginalone,whatisyourunderstandingofthiswordwhichiscapitalizedbyPriestley?admass:theartofadvertisingorwayofpersuadingpeopletobuystuffwhichtheymaynotneedhangupon:dependupontokeepclearof:avoid,refrainfromIwillalsoannounce…economics:IwillalsoannounceonwhatthinsthefutureoftheEnglishdepends,whileatthesametime,unlikeanyotherperson,Ishallnottalkabouteconomics§Whatdoesbattlerefertohere?HerePriestleyusestheword“battle”torefertoconflictorstrugglebetweenAdmassandEnglishness.impoverished:deprivedofnaturalrichnessorstrength;powerlesssubsidy:financialassistancegivenbyonepersonorgovernmenttoanotherItisbetweenAdmass…advertisingcampaigns:ThefutureoftheEnglishhangsupontheoutcomeofthebattlebetweenAdmassandEnglishness.AdmasshaswoninmostcountriesintheWesternworldsuchastheU.S.(dollars),France(francs),Germany(Deutschmarks),etc.InmostWesterncountriesAdmassgetshugegrantsofmoneyfromthegovernmenttoimprovepublicrelationsandmountbigadvertisingcampaigns;whereasEnglishnessissickandpoorandreceivesnosubsidies.triumph:anoteworthyorspectacularsuccessshadowyshow:aperformancelikeashadowplay,withoutrealityorsubstancefull:(ofcolor)deep;(oflight)intensebelongingasitreallydoes…ofthings:Englishnessreallybelongstotheinnerinvisibleworldofthemindandspirit.ItdoesnotofferarichvarietyofmaterialgoodsasAdmassdoesbutonlyoffersdifferentmentalandemotionalconditions.stateofmind:apart.mentaloremotionalconditionsuchasbeinginastateofbliss,inastateofdepression,inastateofdespair,etcAgainstthis…isfullcolor:metaphor.AdmassiscomparedtoaposterinfullcolorandEnglishnesstoafaintpencilsketch.Atleastonthesurface,whenEnglishnessisputagainstthepowerandsuccessofAdmass,Englishnessseemstoputuparatherpoorweakperformance.AdmassislikeaposterpaintedindeepcoloursandEnglishnessislikeafaintsketchdrawninpencil.P5:central:mostimportant;main;basicWhatiscentral…consumptionofgoods:ThemostimportantorbasicthinginAdmassistheproductionandconsumptionofmaterialgoods.buildinto:toconstructorincludeasanintegralpartofdissatisfactionis…Admass:Admasscontainswithinitselffactorsthatcauseorleadtodissatisfaction.alongtheway:inpassing;incidentally;bythewayearlygraves:transferredepithet;droppingearlyintotheirgraves;dyingyoungtakerefugeinbars:euphemism;gettingdrunkinbarstogetovertheirmiseriesmonotony:tedioussamenessorrepetitiousnesstime-and-motionstudies:itisalsoknownasTaylorismortheTaylorsystemoftime-and-motionstudy.Thepurposeistoincreaseefficiencyofproductionbycloseobservationofindividualworker,identifyingandeliminatingwastedtimeandmotion.trap:desperatesituationButitisworthnoting…intothesetraps:ButitisworthnothinginpassingthatinAmerican,thechiefadvocateofAdmass,therearetoomanyveryworriedexecutivesdyingyoung,toomanytiredsalesmengettingdrunkinbarsandgettingdivorced,toomanyworkmensufferingfrommonotonyortime-and-motionstudiesandwonderinghowtheygotintosuchdesperatesituationsfromwhichtheycannotescape.toitscredit:whichispraiseworthywalkoutofsth.:toleavesuddenlyandangrily;ithasdeeplongroots:metaphor,Englishnessiscomparedtoatreewithverylongroots.Itdrawsnourishmentfromthepast.NowEnglishness…longroots:Englishnessdependsuponinstinctandintuitionandisconnectedtotheunconscious.Thereforeitcannotbreakawayfrompasttradition.Thislinkwithnationalcustoms,beliefs,etc.goesalongwaybackinhistory.Beingitselfastateofmind…statesofmind:Englishnessisastateofmind(mentalandemotionalcondition),soitcannotdisregardotherstatesofmind.ItcannothelpfeelingthatAdmassproducesbadstatesofmindbecauseAdmassencouragesruthlesscompetitiveness,becauseittreatsmansimplyasaproducerandconsumerofmaterialgoodsandbecauseitdependsupondissatisfaction,greedandenvyforitssuccess.whileEnglishnessisnothostile…change’ssake:AnotherpointinPriestley’sargumenttoprovethattheEnglisharedifferent.Englishnessisnotagainstchange,butitbelievesthatchangingjustforchangingandfornootherusefulpurposecouldbeverywrongandharmful.inevitable:thatcannotbeavoidedorevadedrejectingtheidea…mechanicalprogress:Englishnessdoesnotaccepttheideathatpeoplemustnowaccept(goinfor)mechanicalprogresswhethertheylikeitornot.adecentplacetocalltheirown:areasonablygoodhousewhichtheythemselvesownwidermotorway…totakethecars:wideroads(highways,speedways),thatspoilthecountryside,forlargecarsputsth.before/abovesth.:treat/regardsth.asmoreimportantthansth.elseimbecility:greatstupidityorfoolishnessToputcars….imbecility:ToregardcarsandmotorwaysasmoreimportantthanhousesseemstoEnglishnessapublicstupidity.p6:Imustadd…bewinning:ImustfurthersaythatwhileEnglishnesscangoonfighting,thereisagreatpossibilityofAdmasswinning.tobeginwith:firstlyholdfastto:stickfirmlytotrainthemselvesoutofit:deliberatelyandintentionallythrowawaytheirEnglishnesshorde:alargegrouporcrowdshrugoff:dismisssth.asnotdeservingone’sattentionandahordeofothers…theirinheritance:andalotofshallow,foolishpeopledriftawayfromEnglishness,throwingawaytheirinheritancecarelesslynourish:tofosterthedevelopmentof;promote§Whatisyourunderstandingof“moralcapital”?Andwhatisyourunderstandingofoverdraft?Whatrhetoricaldeviceisbeingusedinthissentence?Itreferstoareservoirofstrongmoralandethicalprinciples.Metaphorisused,Englishnessisbeingcomparedtoamandrawingmoneyformabank.overdraft:1.awithdrawalofmoneyfromabankinexcessoftheamountcreditedtothedrawer2.theamountwithdrawninexcessItmusthavesome…anoverdraft:Englishnessdrawsitsstrengthfromareservoirofstrongmoralandethicalprinciples,andsoonitmaybeaskingforstrengthwhichthisreservoirofprinciplescannotsupply.Zeitgeist:thespiritoftheage;trendofthoughtandfeelinginaperiod;thetasteandoutlookcharacteristicofaperiodorgenerationTheZeitgeist…Admass:ThespiritoftheageseemstobeinfavorofAdmass.ThespiritoftheageseemstobehelpingAdmass.Sodoes…wehear:SoalsoeverythingwereadandhearseemstobehelpingAdmass.nudge:todrawtheattentionofsb.bygentlypushing,esp.withtheelbow.Hereitmeanstryingdifferentmeanstogetsomemoneyoutofothers.Evenourinflation…lessAdmass:Eveninflationwhichkeepspeoplepushingandsqueezingeachotherformoremoney,isoftennotseenasawarningthatthingsaregettingbad,norisitseenasanenemyofrealgoodlife.ItisoftenregardedasaproofthatpeopleneedmoreAdmass(orthethingsthatAdmasspromises)P7:sides:attitudesorpositionoropinionheldinanargumentgoing:inexistenceoravailablehightime:nonetoosoon;quitecertainlytime;withoutmoredelayThesemenbelieve…shareofit:AsectionofEnglishworkers,togetherwiththeirunionbosses,believethatifthereisa“GoodLife”available,thentheyshouldcertainlygetsomeshareofitwithoutdelay.whisper:totellsth.tosb.privatelyorasasecretcatch:adeception;surprise;ahiddenqualification;trickyconditionButsomeremaining…init:ButsomeremainingEnglishnessinthemtellsthemprivatelythattheremustbesometrickordeceptioninit.sweatone’sgutsout:toworkextremelyhardWhere’sthis“GoodLife”…caper:Howcantherebea“GoodLife”whenonehastoworkextremelyraisingtheproductivityofeverymaneveryhour.on:usedtoindicatetheobjectofperceptionorthoughtproductivity-per-man-hour:productivityofamaninanhour;productivityofamaneachhourcaper:awild,foolishaction;fantasticproceedingracket:adishonestbusinessorpractice,esp.onethatobtainsmoneythroughfraudorextortionIt’sallaracketanyhow:Inanycaseallthisisbutadishonestschemeoldman:fatherturnout:endup;result;producehoneststuff:good,genuinearticles;thingsofgoodqualityIfwedon’twork…toturnout:Ifwedon’tworkasourfatherusedto,thenwewon’tbeproducinggood,genuineproductsthatourfatherwasexpectedtoproduce.§Willyoucompletethesentence?It’stheprofitnotthequalityoftheproductsthatpeopleareinterestedinnow.Okay…advertsforus.:Allright;ifwewanttoworkshorterhours,tohavemoreholidaysandtoearnbiggerwagesorsalaries,thenitisthe“GoodLife”oftheadvertisementsthatwewant.Orarewekiddingourselves:Orarewedeceivingourselves?OrarewebeingdupedbyAdmass?P8:certainlynotwhere…onhand:certainlyinplaceswhereworkersstilltakerealpride,thoughthismayseemratherold-fashioned,intheworktheyaredoing,peopledonotthinkandtalklikethis(referringtothelasttwosentencesintheforegoingpara.).industrialaction:aterminsyndicalism工聯(lián)主義,anideologylegitimizingdirectindustrialactionbytheworkers.Thesyndicalists’rejectedpolitics,regardingclassstruggleintheformofindustrialactionasmosteffective;thefightontheshopfloorwaseventuallytoleadtoa“generalstrike”.Butsth.,likeit…mostAdmass:Butpeopletalk,thinkorfeellikethisinplaceswheret