2015江蘇高考英語(yǔ)試題及解答

2015江蘇高考英語(yǔ)試卷二、單選Thenumberofsmokers, isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinthepastoneyear.A.itB.whichC.thatD.asSchoolsshouldbelivelyplaceswhereindividualsareencouragedto totheirgreatestpotential.A.accelerateB.improveC.performD.develop-Jim,canyouwork ?-- ?I’vebeenworkingtwoweeksonend.A.WhymeB.WhynotC.WhatifD.SowhatMuchtime sittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytrappedbyhealthproblems.A.beingspentB.havingspentC.spentD.tospendLiHua,agreatChinesepoet,wasbornisknowntothepublic,but….A.ThatB.WhyC.WhereD.HowItissocoldthatyoucan’tgooutside fullycoveredinthickclothes.A.ifB.unlessC.onceD.whenTheuniversitystartedsomenewlanguageprogrammesto thecountry’sSilkRoadEconomicBelt.A.applytoB.caterforC.appealtoD.…Itmighthavesavedmemuchtrouble theschedule.A.didIknowB.haveIknownC.doIknowD.hadIknownThewholeteam Donald,andheseldomletthemdown.A.waitonB.focusonC.countonD.callonThereasonwhyprices andstillaretoohighiscomplex,andnoshortdiscussioncansatisfactorycanexplainthisproblem.A.wereB.willbeC.havebeenD.hadbeenThepoliceofficersdecidedtoconductathorough,and reviewofthecase.A.comprehensiveB.complicatedC.suspiciousD.…Someschoolswillhavetomake inagreementwiththenationalsocialreform.A.judgmentsB.adjustmentsC.commentsD.achievements-Whydidn’tyouinviteJohntoyourbirthdayparty?--Well,youknowhe’s .A.anearlybirdB.awetblanketC.aluckydogD.atoughnut34.Manyofthethingswenowbenefitfromwouldnotbearound ThomasEdison.A.thankstoB.regardlessofC.asidefromD.butfor35.-Goandsaysorrytoyourmom,Dave?--I’dliketo,butI’mafraidMomwouldnotacceptmy .A.requestsB.excusesC.apologiesD.regrets三、完形填空IwasrequiredtoreadoneofBernieSiegel’sbooksincollegeandwashookedonhispositivityfromthemomenton.Thestoriesofhisunconventional___36___andtheexceptionalpatientshewroteaboutwereso___37 tomeandhadsuchabig 38 onhowIsawlifefromthenon.WhoknewthatsomanyyearslaterIwouldlooktoDr.BernieandhisCDsagainto___39___myowncancerexperience?I’mambitious__40,andwhenIstartedgoingthroughchemo(化療),eventhoughI’mavery__41__person,Ilostmydrivetowrite.Iwasjusttootiredandnotinthe___42__.Oneday,whilewantingtogoinfor__43__,IhadoneofDr.Bernie’sbooksinmyhand.Anotherpatient___44__whatIwasreadingandstruckupaconversationwithme___45 hehadoneofhisbooks…well.It 46 thatamongotherthings,hewasaneighty-one-year-oldwriter.Hewas___47 apublishedauthor,andhewascurrently___48 onanewbook.Wewouldseeeachotheratvarioustimesand___49 friends.Sometimesheworeaduckhat,andIwouldtellmyself,hewasdefinitelya(n) 50 ofDr.Bernie.Hereallyputa__51__onmyface.Heunfortunately___52__lastyearduetohiscancer,53heleftadeepimpressiononme....The__54__topickupmypenagain.I___55___tomyself,“Ifhecandoit,thensocanI.”36.A.tastesB.ideasC.notesD.memoriesA.amazingB.shockingC.amusingD.strangeA.strikeB.pushC.challengeD.impactA.learnfromB.gooverC.getthroughD.refertoA.readerB.writerC.editorD.doctorA.positiveB.agreeableC.humourousD.honestA.moodB.positionC.stateD.wayA.advice B.reference C.protection D.treatmentA.viewedB.knewC.noticedD.wonderedA.while B.because C.although D.providingA.carriedoutB.workedoutC.provedoutD.turnedoutA.naturallyB.merelyC.hopefullyD.actuallyA.decidingB.investingC.workingD.relyingA.becameB.helpedC.missedD.visitedA.patientB.operatorC.fanD.publisherA.signB.smileC.markD.maskA.showedupB.setoffC.felldownD.passedawayA.sinceB.butC.soD.forA.guidanceB.trustC.opportunityD.inspirationA.promisedB.sworeC.thoughtD.replied四、閱讀理解AVisitorCodeArrivewithnothingthatcanharmNewZealandIfyouarearrivingfromoverseas,bringnofood,animalorplantmaterialintothecountry.IfindoubtdeclareittoCustoms.ProtectplantsandanimalsNeverallowdogsorotherpetstorunfreelyinareasofnestingbirds,otherwildlife,orwheresighposted.GetridofrubbishAlwaysgetridofyourrubbishproperlyandrecyclewaste(e.g.glass,paper)wherepossible.BeconsideratewithotherwasteIfusingaportabletoiletalwaysthrowawayyourtoiletwasteataproperwastestation.Inthebackcountry,buryyourtoiletwasteinashallowholeawayfromwaterway.KeepNewZealand’swatercleanBecausesoapsandotherwastescanharmwaterways,becarefulyourwashingwaterdoesn’tpollutethesealakesandrivers.TakecarewithfiresAlwaysobservedistrictfirebans.Becarefulifyousmokeorhaveanoutdoorfireorbarbecue,makesureashesarecoldbeforeleaving.CamporpicniccarefullyWhencampingorpicnicking,usefacilitiesprovided.KeeptothetrackKeeptothetrack,whereoneexists,soyoulessenthechanceofdamagingfragileplants.BeconsiderateWhendriving,minimizenoiseandobservenosmokingsigns.AccordingtoVisitorCode,visitorscouldact .A.withcareandrespectB.withreliefandpleasureC.withcautionandcalmnessD.withattentionandobservationWhatareyouencouragedtodowhentravellinginNewZealand?Takeyourowncampingfacilities.Buryglassfarawayfromrivers.Followthetrackforthesakeofplants.Observesignstoapproachnestingbirds.BIntheUnitedStatesalone,over100millioncell-phonesarethrownawayeachyear.Cell-phonesarepartofagrowingmountainofelectronicwastelikecomputersandpersonaldigitalassistants.Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasageneral.Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver.ASwissstudyreportedthatwhiletheweightofelectronicgoodsrepresentedbypreciousmetalswasrelativelysmallincomparisontotraditionalwaste,theconcentration(含量)ofgoldandotherpreciousmetalwashigherinso-callede-wastethaninnaturallyoccurringminerals.Electronicwastesalsocontainmanypoisonousmetals.Evenwhenthemachine...andtheharmfulmetalsremoved,therecycledprocessofteniscarriedoutinpoorcountries,inpracticallyuncontrolledwayswhichallowmanypoisonoussubstancestoescapeintotheenvironment.Creatingproductsoutofrawmaterialscreatesmuchmorewastematerial,upto100timesmore,thanthematerialcontainedinthefinishedproducts.Consideragainthecell-phone,andimaginetheminesthatproducedthosemetals,thefactoriesneededtomaketheboxandpackagingitcamein.Manywastesproducedintheproducingprocessareharmfulaswell.TheU.S.EnvironmentProtectionAgencynotesthatmostwasteisdangerousinthat“theproduction,distribution,anduseofproducts---aswellasmanagementoftheresultingwaste---allresultingreenhouserelease.Individualscanmakecontributionsbycreatinglesswasteat...buyingreusableproductsandrecycling.Inmanycountries,theconceptofextendedproducerresponsibilityisbeingconsideredorhasbeenputinplaceasanincentive（動(dòng)機(jī)）forreducingwaste.Ifproducersarerequiredtotakebackpackagingtheyusetoselltheirproducts,wouldtheyreducethepackaginginthefirstplace?Governments’incentivetorequireproducerstotakeresponsibilityforthepackagingtheyprocessshouldbebasedonmoney.Why,theyask,shouldcitiesortownsberesponsibletodealwiththebubblewrap（氣泡墊）thatencasedyourtelevision?Fromthegovernments’pointofview,aprimarygoaloflawsrequiringextendedproducerresponsibilityistotransferboththecostandthephysicalresponsibilityofwastemanagementfromthegovernmentandtax-payersbacktotheproducers.By.theSwissstudy,theauthorintendedtotellus .theweightofe-goodsisrathersmalle-wastedeservestobemadegooduseofnaturalmaterialscontainsmorepreciousmetalsthepercentageofpreciousmetalsisheavyine-wasteTheresponsibilityofe-waste.transfer .A.fromproducerstogovernmentsB.fromgovernmentstoproducersC.fromindividualstodistributorsD.fromtogovernments60.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Theincreaseine-wasteB.Thecreationofe-wasteC.Theseriousnessofe-wasteD.Themanagementofe-wasteCSupposeyoubecomealeaderinanorganization.It’sverylikelythatyou’llwanttohavevolunteerstohelpwiththeorganization’sactivities.Todoso,itshouldhelptounderstandwhypeopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestsinthework.Let’sbeginwiththequestionofwhypeoplevolunteer.Researchershaveidentifiedseveralfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetstarted.Forexample,peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness,toexpandtheirrangeofexperiencesandtodevelopsocialrelationships.Ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeetthoseneeds,peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate.Toselectvolunteers,youmayneedtounderstandthemotivationofthepeopleyouwishtoattract.Peoplealsovolunteerbecausetheyarerequiredtodoso.Toincreaselevelsofopportunitygiven,someschoolshavelaunchedvolunteerprogrammes.Unlike….can…people'swishofparticipationfromaninternalfactor(e.g.“Ivolunteerbecauseit’simportanttome.”)toanexternalfactor(e.g.“IvolunteerbecauseI’mpreparedtodoso.”)Whenthathappens,peoplebecomelesslikelytovolunteerinthefuture.Peoplemustbesensitivetothispossibilitywhentheymakevolunteeractivityamust.Oncepeoplebegintovolunteer,whatleadsthemtoremainintheirpositionsovertime?Toanswerthisquestion,researchershaveconductedfollow-upstudiesinwhichtheytrackvolunteersovertime.Forinstance,onestudyfollowedvolunteersinFloridaoverayear.Oneofthemostimportantfactorsthatinfluencedtheirsatisfactionsasvolunteerswastheamountofsufferingtheyexperiencedintheirvolunteerpositions.Althoughthisresultmaynotsupportyou,itleadstoimportantpracticaladvice.Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento“trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteers...themwithstrategiesfor…withtheproblemtheyexperience.”Anotherstudyof302volunteersathospitalsinChicagofocusedonindividualdifferencesinthedegreetowhichpeopleview“volunteer”asanimportantsocialrole.Itwasestimatedthatthosepeople…theroleofvolunteer…partoftheirpersonal…bemorelikelytocontinuevolunteerwork.Participantsindicatedthedegreetowhichsocialrolemattersbyrespondingtostatementssuchas“VolunteeringathospitalsisanimportantpartofwhoIam.”Consistentwiththeresearchers’expectations,theyfocusedapositivecohesion(正相關(guān))betweenthestrengthofroleidentityandthelengthsoftimepeoplecontributedtovolunteer.These…again,leadtoconcreteadvice.“Onceanindividualbeginsvolunteering,continuedefforttofocusondevelopingvolunteerrole….”61.Peoplevolunteermainlyoutof .A.academicrequirementsB.socialexpectationsC.financialrewardsD.internalneedsWhatcanwelearnfromFloridastudy?Followupstudiesshouldlastforoneyear.Volunteersshouldgetmentallyprepared.Volunteertrainingisamustinresearch.Volunteersareprovidedwithconcreteadvice.Whatismostlikelytomotivatevolunteerstocontinuetheirwork?A.individualdifferencesinroleidentity.B.PubliclyidentifiablevolunteerT-shirt.C.Roleidentityasavolunteer.D.Practicaladvicefromresearchers.64.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.HowtogetpeopletovolunteerB.HowtostudyvolunteerbehaviorC.Howtokeepvolunteers’D.Howtoorganizevolunteers’activitiesDFreedomandResponsibilityFreedom’schallengeinthedigitalAgeisaserioustopic.Wearefacingtodayastrangenewworldandweareallwonderingwhatwearegoingtodowithit.Some2,500yearsagoGreecediscoveredfreedom.Beforethattherewasnofreedom.Thereweregreatcivilizations,splendidempires,butnofreedomanywhere.EgyptandBabylonwerebothtyrannies,oneverypowerfulmanrulingoverhelplessmasses.InGreece,inAthens,alittlecityinalittlecountry,therewerenohelplessmasses.AndAthenianswillinglyobeyedthewrittenlawswhichtheythemselvespassed,andtheunwritten,whichmustbeobeyediffreemenlivetogether.Theymustshoweachotherkindnessandpityandthemanyqualitieswithoutwhichlifewouldbeverypainfulunlessonechosetolivealoneinthedesert.TheAtheniansneverthoughtthatamanwasfreeifhecoulddowhathewanted.Amanwasfreeifhewasself-controlled.Tomakeyourselfobeywhatyouapprovedwasfreedom.Theyweresavedfromlookedattheirlivesastheirownprivateaffair.EachonefeltresponsibleforthewelfareofAtheniansnotbecauseitwasforcedonhimfromtheoutside,butbecausethecitywashisprideandhissafety.Theessentialbeliefofthefirstfreegovernmentintheworldwaslibertyforallmenwhocouldcontrolthemselvesandwouldtakeresponsibilityforthestate.Butdiscoveringfreedomisnotlikediscoveringcomputers.Itcannotbediscoveredonceforall.Ifpeople...it,andworkforit,itwillgo.…isitsprice....wasachangethattookplacewithoutbeingnoticedthoughitwasoftheextremeimportance,aspiritualchangewhichaffectedthewholestate.IthadbeentheAthenians’prideandjoytogivetotheircity.Thattheycouldgetmaterialbenefitsfromherneverenteredtheirmind.Therehadtobeacompletechangeofattitudebeforetheycouldlookatthecityasanemployerwhopaidhercitizensfrodoingherwork.Nowinsteadofmengivingtothestate,thestatewastogivetothem.Whatpeoplewantedwasagovernmentwhichwouldprovideacomfortablelifeforthem,andwiththisastheprimaryobject,ideasoffreedomandself-relianceandresponsibility…tothepointofdisappearing.Athenswasmoreandmorelookedonasacooperativebusinesspossessedofgreatwealthinwhichallcitizenshadarighttoshare.Athensreachedthepointwhenthefreedomshereallywantedwasfreedomfromresponsibility.Therecouldbeonlyoneresult...burdenofself-dependenceandresponsibilityforthecommongood,theywouldceasetobefree.Responsibilityisthepriceeverymanmustpayforfreedom.Itistobehadonotherterms.Athens,theAthensofAncientGreece,refusedresponsibility,shereachedtheendoffreedomandwasnevertohaveitagain.But,theexcellentbecomesthepermanent,Aristotlesaid.Athenslost,butfreedomwasnotlostforeverfortheworld.AgreatAmerican,JamesMadisonreferredto“Thecapacityofmankindforself-government”.NodoubthehadnotanideathathewasspeakingGreek.Athenswasnotinthefarthestbackgroundofhismind,butonceamanhasagreatandgoodidea,itisnevercompletelylost.ThedigitalAgecannotdestroyit.Somehowinthisorthatwaythoughtsuchanidealivesthoughunconsideredbytheworldofaction.Onecanneverbesurethatitisnotonthepointofbreakingout.onlysurethatitwilldososometime.Whatdoestheunderlinedword”tyrannies”inParagraph2referto?CountrieswheretheirpeopleneedhelpPowerfulstateswithhappinessSplendidstateswherepeopleenjoyfreedomEmpiresruledwithabsolutepowerPeoplebelievinginfreedomarethosewho .regardtheirlifeastheirownbusinessregardfreedomastheirprimaryobjectbehavewithinlawsandvaluesystemtreatotherswithkindnessandpityWhatchangeinattitudetookplaceinAthens?A.TheAtheniansrefusedtotaketheirresponsibility.TheAtheniansnolongertookprideinthecity.TheAtheniansbenefitedspirituallyfromthegovernment.TheAthenianslookedonthegovernmentasabusiness.Whatdoesthesentence“Therecouldbeonlyoneresult”inParagraph5mean?A.Athenswouldcometoanend.Athenswouldceasetohavefreedom.Freedomwouldcomefromresponsibility.FreedomwouldstopAthensfromself-dependence.WhydoestheauthorrefertoAristotleandMadison?A.Theauthorishopefulaboutfreedom.Theauthoriscautiousaboutself-government.TheauthorisskepticalofGreececivilization.Theauthorisproudoftheman’scapacity.Whatistheauthor’sunderstandingoffreedom?A.Freedomcanbemorepopularindigitalage.Freedommaycometoanendinthedigitalage.Freedomshouldhaveprivacyoverresponsibility.Freedomneedstobeguaranteedbyresponsibility.四、任務(wù)型閱讀：Peopleselectnewsinexpectationofareward.Thisrewardmaybeeitheroftwokinds.OneisrelatedtowhatFreudcallsthePleasurePrinciple,theothertowhathecallstheRealityPrinciple.Forwantofbetternames,weshallcallthesetwoclassesimmediaterewardanddelayedreward.Ingeneral,thekindofnewswhichmaybeexpectedtogiveimmediaterewardarenewsofcrimeandcorruption,accidentsanddisasters,sports,socialevents,andhumaninterest.Delayedrewardmaybeexpectedfromnewsofpublicaffairs,economicmatters,socialproblems,science,education,andhealth.Newsofthefirstkindpaysitsrewardsatonce.Areadercanenjoyanindirectexperiencewithoutanyofthedangersorstressesinvolved.Hecantremblewildlyatanaxemurder,shakehisheadsympatheticallyandsafelyatahurricane,identifyhimselfwiththewinningteam,laughunderstandinglyatawarmlittlestoryofchildrenordogs.Newsofthesecondkind,however,paysitsrewardslater.Itsometimesrequiresthereadertotolerateunpleasantnessorannoyance—as,forexample,whenhereadsofthethreateningforeignsituation,themountingnationaldebt,risingtaxes,fallingmarket,scarcehousing,andcancer.Ithasakindof“threatvalue.”Itisreadsothatthereadermaybeinformedandprepared.Whenareaderselectsdelayedrewardnews,hepullshimselfintotheworldofsurroundingrealitytowhichhecanadapthimselfonlybyhardwork.Whenheselectsnewsoftheotherkind,heusuallywithdrawsfromtheworldofthreateningrealitytowardthedreamworld.Foranyindividual,ofcourse,theboundariesofthesetwoclassesarenotstable.Forexample,asociologistmayreadnewsofcrimeasasocialproblem,ratherthanforitsimmediatereward.Acoachmayreadasportsstoryforitsthreatvalue:hemayhavetoplaythatteamnextweek.Apoliticianmayreadanaccountofhislatestsuccessfulpublicmeeting,notforitsdelayedreward,butverymuchashiswifereadsanaccountofaparty.Inanygivenstoryofcorruptionordisaster,athoughtfulreadermayreceivenotonlytheimmediaterewardofindirectexperience,butalsothedelayedrewardofinformationandpreparedness.Therefore,whilethedivisionofcategoriesholdsingeneral,anindividualstendencymaytransferanystoryfromonekindofreadingtoanother,ordividetheexperiencebetweenthetwokindsofreward.Whatnewsstoriesdoyouread?DivisionofnewsstoriesPeopleexpecttoget(71) fromreadingnews.Newsstoriesareroughlydividedintotwoclasses.Somenewswillexcitetheirreadersinstantlywhileotherswon’t.(72) ofthetwoclasses?Newsofimmediaterewardwillseeminglytaketheirreaderstotheveryfrightening scenewithoutactual(73) .?Readerswillassociatethemselvescloselywithwhathappensinthenewsstoriesand(74) similarfeelingswiththoseinvolved.Newsofdelayedrewardwillmakereaderssuffer,orpresenta(75) tothem.Newsofdelayedrewardwillinducethereaderto(76) fortherealitywhilenewsofimmediaterewardwillleadthereaderto(77) fromthereality.UnstableboundariesofthetwoclassesWhatreadersexpectfromnewsstoriesarelargelyshapedbytheir(78) .Seriousreaderswillbothgetexcitedoverwhathappensinsomenewsstoriesand(79) themselvestothereality.Thus,thedivision,onthewhole,(80) on

thereader.第五部分：書(shū)面表達(dá)（滿分25分）81.請(qǐng)閱讀下面文字及圖表并按照要求用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇150詞左右的文章Theotherday,日netizen（網(wǎng)民）thereade