2022年上海市寶山區(qū)高考沖刺英語二模沖刺

2019年上海市寶山區(qū)高考英語二模試卷Ⅰ.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections：InSectionA，youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation，aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper，anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1．（1分）A．ThursdaysandFridays．B．TuesdaysandFridays．C．TuesdaysandThursdays．D．Tuesdays，ThursdaysandFridays．2．（1分）A．Hersister's．B．HerAunt's．C．Hermother's．D．Herbrother's．3．（1分）A．Helpthecompanychoosegraduatestudents．B．Contactthecomputercompanynextweek．C．Getapart﹣timejoboncampusbeforegraduation．D．Applyforajobinthecomputercompany．4．（1分）A．Seeadoctorassoonaspossible．B．Stayinbedforafewdays．C．Gettreatmentinabetterhospital．D．Makeaphonecalltothedoctor．5．（1分）A．Shepickedupthebookfromthebusfloor．B．Sheisabletohelpthemanout．C．Shealsoneedsanextratextbook．D．Shecanfindtherightpersontohelptheman．6．（1分）A．Themanislateforthetripbecauseheisbusy．B．ThewomanisgladtomeetMr．Browninperson．C．ThemanismeetingthewomanonbehalfofMr．Brown．D．ThewomanfeelssorrythatMr．Brownisunabletocome．7．（1分）A．Shethinksthemanistootiredtogotothemovie．B．Shereallywantstogotothemovie．C．Shewouldliketogototheclasswiththeman．D．Shedoesnotwanttogotothemovie．8．（1分）A．Shedoesn'tremembermuchaboutHangzhou．B．ShehasneverbeentoHangzhoubefore．C．Sheknowssomeoneelsewhocouldhelphim．D．She'dbeveryhappytotalklothemanlater．9．（1分）A．ThemansawMarkonthestreettwomonthsago．B．ThewomanhodforgottenMark'sphonenumber．C．ThewomanmadeaphonecallloMarkyesterday．D．Markandthewomanhadn'tbeenintouchforsomelime．10．（1分）A．Shehasteamedalotfromthenovel．B．Shealsofoundtheplotdifficulttofollow．C．Shehasdifficultyrememberingnames．D．Sherecalledthenamesofcharactersinthenovel．SectionBDirections：InSectionB，youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation，andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice，butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.11．（3分）（1）A．Hewillbeanintelligentstudent．B．Hemaynotbeanintelligentstudent．C．Hewillscorebetterinexams．D．Hewillnotbeagoodstudent．（2）A．Throughhisteachers．B．Throughhisdeedsintheclassroom．C．Throughhisappearance．D．Throughhisreactiontodifferentsituations．（3）A．Nottojudgeaboyonlybyhistakingnotes．B．Nottomakethemistakeofthinkingayoungmanstupid．C．Nottooverestimateastudent'sintelligence．D．Nottojudgeaperson'sintelligencebyhisappearance．12．（3分）（1）A．Youcanincreaseyourhappinesslevelsbyattendingtheclasses．B．Mostofusarehappierthanourparentssincewecammore．C．Earnmorethanyoucanifyouwanttobehappy．D．BothBillGatesandKerryPackerarerichbutunhappy．（2）A．Alwaysthinkhighlyofyourselfandhelpothers．B．Compareyourselftoafamousperson．C．Compareyourselftopeoplewhoareinferiortoyou．D．Earnmorethanyourbankaccount（3）A．Happinessiseverything．B．Wealthisthefoundationofhappiness．C．Funisanotherformofhappiness．D．Moneydoesn'talwaysmeanhappiness．13．（4分）（1）A．Becausethereweretoomanyvehiclesontheroad．B．Becausethedriverinfrontofhercausedanaccident．C．Becauseshealmostgotintoanaccidentthismorning．D．Becausethedriversdidn'tusepolitemannerswhiledriving（2）A．Hedoesn'tcaremuchaboutit．C．It'sjustforinexperienceddrivers．B．Hepaysspecialattentiontoit．D．It'sreallyabigdealtohim．（3）A．Hethoughtshewasmindfulofotherdrivers．B．Hebecametooangrytokeepcalmforthat．C．Hereallyfeltverygratefulwhenheheardit．D．Hethoughtsheshouldn'thavesaidlikethat．（4）A．Buyacar．B．Changeherjob．C．Takebusoften．D．Learndrivingetiquette．Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularyDirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.14．（15分）Curiosityispartofhumannature．Childrenarefamousforwantinganswers（1）tonsofquestions．Peoplekeepreadingorwatching（2）theywanttofindoutwhathappens．Butcuriosityalsoprovidesmanypracticalbenefits．Learningiseasiestifyouhaveagenuinedesireforknowledge．Curiositycancreatethatdesirewhenyouhaveaquestion．Manyofhistorygreatestdiscoveries（3）（make）bycuriouspeople．Peoplewondered（4）processesworkedorhowcertaintaskscouldbedonemoreeffectively．Thankstotheircuriosity，peoplenowknowfarmoreabouttheworldandhaveusefultechnology（5）（help）them．Evenifyoudon'tplantobeaninventorofresearcher，curiositycanstillhelpyouintheclassroom．Ifyoudevelopthejoyoflearning，classeswillbecomemorefun．Andyou'llexcelbecauseyouwillbefullyengagedintheprocessoflearning．Evenifyou'renolongerastudent，curiositywillmakeyoubetter（6）（inform）andthusamorecapableworker．Whatdoyoudoifyou'renotalreadycurious？Fortunately，curiosityisaskillthatcanbeimproved．Ifyouactlikeyou'recurious，you'llquicklystarttoactuallyfeelcurious．Often，themoreyoulearnaboutatopicthe（7）（interesting）itbecomes．Asyoulearnaboutatopic，gatherinformationfromasmanysourcesaspossible．Readavarietyofbooks，watchorlistentolecturesandaskquestions．Don'talwaysgetyourinformationfromthesamesource．Instead，learntoappreciatefactsthatdifferentpeopleknowandthedifferentopinions（8）theyexpress．Askalotofquestions，Remember，everyoneknows（9）thatyoudon't．Findoutwhatthatis，andaskaboutit．Thisletsyoulearnsomethingandmakestheotherpersonhappybylettingthemshowofftheirknowledge．Intheclassroomoroutofit，（10）（develop）curiosityissuretobeworthwhile．SectionBDirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.15．（10分）A．accessingB．nonessentialC．ApparentD．technologyE．assignedF．contactG．particularlyH．addictionI．associatedJ．automaticallyK．contributingWhenwasthelasttimethatyoudialedaphonenumberfrommemory？Itprobablydependsonhowlongyou'vebeenusing（1）likeacellphone．Whilesomegenerationscanrecallthedaysofmemorizingphonenumbers，it'spossiblethatmembersofGenerationZhaveneverhadtorememberasingle（2）．Whyisthis？Becausesmartphonesofferquickandconvenientwaysforstoringand（3）information．Thereisnoneedtomemorizeanything．Butthisisn'twithoutconsequence．Asdigitaldevicesdevelop，moreandmoreusers'heavyrelianceonthemmaybehavingdisablingeffects．"Digitaldementia（失智）"isthetermbeingusedbymedicalprofessionalstoidentifysomeoftheseeffects．SomeprofessionalslikeJimKwik，anexpertinmemoryimprovementandoptimalbrainperformance，aretakingacloserlookatthiseffect．Kwikdescribesdigitaldementialikethis："…we're（4）ourbrainstooursmartdevices．We'resoreliantonoursmartphonesthatoursmartphonesaremakingusstupid．Asmedicalstudieschartthedeclineinmemoryandcognitiveskillsamongsmartphoneusers，aconnectionismadebetweensymptoms（5）withdementia．"Theseriousnessofoverusebecomes（6）whenyouconsiderjusthowyoungsmartphoneusersarebecoming．AuthorandspeakerSimonSinekpointsoutthatyoungminds"Arenotreadyforit!Theirmindscannotcopewiththedopamine（多巴胺）．"Consequently，theoverstimulationofscreensandsoundsleadto（7）moreoftenthannot．Sonowparents，teachersandmanagersareaskinghowtohandletheinflux（匯集）ofyoungpeoplewiththiskindofaddiction．●First，monitoryourcellphoneuse．KeepdownloadingapplicationslikeForestorChecky．Thencutbackonany（8）usage．Setaspecificgoalofhowmuchyouthinkyoushoulduseyourphone．●Determine（9）areasforcellphoneuse．Forexample，whileyou'reathome，onlyallowyourselftocheckyourphonesomewherelikeahomeoffice．Thisway，thetimeinbetweentasksisn't（10）filledwithstaringatyourscreen．Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，C，andD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.16．（30分）Serendipity﹣anunexpecteddelight﹣isthewordthatcomestomindwhendescribingtheseven﹣dayhikemywifeandIrecentlydidinthewildandundevelopednorthwestcoastofGalicia，Spain．Simply（1），anyonewhoisadventurous，lovestravelingtoEuropeandisfitenoughtodo10﹣milehikesshouldseriouslyconsiderdoingthishike．Beforethisexperience，IhadneverheardaboutOnFootHolidaysprogramsthatallowhikerstogoattheirownpace，withmapsanddetailedhiking（2），butwithoutaguideorothertravelers，whilestillenjoyingahighleveloflocalsupport．What（3）caughtmyattentionwasanannouncementaboutOnFootHolidays'newesthike，theLighthouseWay，whichtheydescribedasajourneyalong"thelast（4）coastofEurope．"Thisparticularhikesoundedbothchallengingandrewardingenoughto（5）atry．OnFootHolidaysbookedourlodgingeachnightand（6）ataxitotakeourbaggagetothenextdestination，sowejusthadtocarryourdaypackessentials．Eachdaywe（7）orspokewiththecompany'slocalexpertwhowasavailable（8）emergency，butwhosemainfunctionwastokeepusinformedaboutthedailyweatherforecastandtomakespecialtaxiarrangementswhenwedecidedto（9）acoupleof14﹣milehikestolessthan10miles．The（10）ofthetrailsandscenerymadeeveryhikeadelight．Oneofourhikesfollowedanarrowtrailalongasteep，rockycliff（11）thesteel﹣bluewatersoftheAtlanticOceanthatthrashagainstjaggedrockshundredsoffeetbelowus．Westoppedtopicnicandwatchtheonlylivingthingswesawthatwholeday：aherdofgoatsaboveus，andagroupofdolphinsjumpinginthewavesbelow．Inthedistance，manyofmountainpeaks（12）sparklingwindturbines（渦輪機）likecandlesonacake．Silenceandlonelinesswerethefeaturesofeachday'saccommodation．Theonlysoundsweheardwerebirdssinging，thewindblowingthroughtreesorthewavesbreakingagainsttheshoreline．Theairwascleanandthetemperaturebrisk，withfrequent（13）ofcloudy，cool，windyandrainyweatherinterspersed（點綴）withgloriousburstsofsunshine．Therewasremarkablylittlelitter，theexceptionbeingspotsalongtheshorewhereoceancurrents（14）mostlyfishingitems．MywifeandIrealizedthatwearepilgrimssearchingformeaning，awarenessandjoyonourjourneythroughlife，andourGalicianhiking（15）hadmovedusfurtherdownthatpathinwayswewon'tforget．（1）A．lostB．movedC．urgedD．put（2）A．stringsB．instructionsC．devicesD．materials（3）A．initiallyB．graduallyC．smoothlyD．firmly（4）A．recommendedB．developedC．unspoiledD．discovered（5）A．warrantB．provideC．imagineD．evaluate（6）A．preparedforB．arrangedforC．paidforD．turnedto（7）A．negotiatedB．discussedC．contactedD．texted（8）A．inadditiontoB．inneedofC．incaseofD．infavourof（9）A．shortenB．extendC．decreaseD．expand（10）A．appearanceB．varietyC．characterD．route（11）A．displayingB．reflectingC．followingD．overlooking（12）A．establishedB．lightenedC．sportedD．structured（13）A．changesB．intervalsC．adaptionsD．interactions（14）A．stretchedB．withdrawnC．floatedD．deposited（15）A．experienceB．techniqueC．investigationD．experimentSectionBDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，C，andD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.17．（10分）Manypeopleprefereatingoutinsteadofcookingathome．Achangeappearstobetakingplace，though，andmillennialsareleadingtheway．Accordingtoonesurvey，moreyoungpeoplearestartingtocookathomeforthreebasicreasons：Theycansavemoney，eathealthyandwastelessfood．PopularTVchefsarealsogettingmillennialsexcitedaboutlearningsomebasiccookingskills．Manymillennialsviewcookingasaformofentertainmentandself﹣expression．TheyproudlypostpicturesoftheircookingcreationsonFacebookorInstagram，andinvitefriendsovertosharethecookingexperience．Manymillennialshavealsofoundwaystoavoidwastingfood．Afterroastingachicken，theyputtheleftoverbonesintheirfreezerinsteadofthegarbagecan．Later，theyusethebonestomakechickenstockwhichisanimportantingredientinmanydishes．Theyalsohatethrowingoutfruitthat'stooold．Toavoidthatsituation，theybakeripefruitlikeberriesandbananasfor15minutesat175degreesC．Thentheyfreezeitovernight．Afterthat，theyplacethefruitinplasticbagsandstoreittheirfreezerforlateruse．Nowanymillennialsonlyeatatrestaurantsthathaveexcellentfood﹣wastepolicies．Theseservantsuseeverypartofthevegetablestheybuy，includingtheirstemsandroots，indishes．Theyalsousebeef，chickenandporkbonestomaketheirownstock．Millennialsalsoreducefoodwastebyonlybuyingwhattheyrequire．Beforegoingtoamarket，theywritedownwhattheyneedanddon'tbuyanythingelse．Theywaytheywon'tpurchasemorefoodthantheycanconsume．（1）Whatisthemainsubjectofthisarticle？A．Acookingtrendthathasattractedmillennials．B．Aplanthatmillennialshavefordonatingfood．C．Anovelcookingtechniquethatmillennialslike．D．Afoodproductionsystemfavoredbymillennials．（2）Whatdomillennialswithfruitbeforefreezingit？A．Mixitwithotheringredientsinabowl．B．Carefullyremovetheskinandseedsfromit．C．Useasharpknifetochopitupintopieces．D．Putitinanovenatthepropertemperature．（3）Accordingtothisarticle，whendomillennialsmakecarefulchoices？A．WhentheydineouttogetherB．WheytheyvoteforcandidatesC．WhentheychooseanemployerD．Whentheyplantanewgarden（4）Accordingtothisarticle，howdomillennialsavoidpurchasingtoomuchfood？A．Theyselectsmallcansandpackages．B．Theyprepareapracticalshoppinglist．C．Theyleavetheircreditcardsathome．D．Theyweighproducebeforebuyingit．18．（6分）Familiesshouldreduceexposuretosyntheticchemicalsfoundinfoodcolorings，preservativesandpackagingmaterialsasagrowingbodyofresearchshowstheymayharmchildren'shealth，accordingtoapolicystatementandtechnicalreportfromtheAmericanAcademyofPediastricsreleasedonline．Thestatementalsosuggestsimprovementstothefoodadditivesregulatorysystem，includingupdatingthescientificfoundationoftheU．S．FoodandDrugAdministrationssafetyassessmentretestingallpreviouslyapprovedchemicals．LeonardTrasande，theauthorofthepolicystatement，totellusmoreabouttheseconcerns．Q：Whatarethegrowingnumberofstudiesshowingus？A：Overthepasttwodecades，anaccumulatingbodyofsciencesuggestssomefoodadditivescaninterferewithachild'shormones，growthanddevelopment．Potentiallyharmfuleffectsoffoodadditivesareofspecialconcernforchildrenbecausetheyaremoresensitivetochemicalexposuresbecausetheyeatanddrinkmorerelativetobodyweight，thanadultsdoandarestillgrowinganddeveloping．Anearlyinjurytotheirorgansystemscanhavelifelongandpermanentconsequences．Q：Whatadditivesdoesthestatementhighlight？A：Theadditivesofmostconcern，basedonrisingresearchevidencecitedinthereport，include：●Bisphenols，suchasBPA，usedtohardenplasticcontainersandlinemetalcans，canactlikeestrogen（雌激素）inthebodywhichmaypotentiallychangethetimingofpuberty，decreasefertility，increasebodyfatandaffectthenervousandimmunesystems．BPAisnowbannedinbabybottles．●Phthalates，whichmakeplasticandvinyltubesusedinindustrialfoodproductionflexible，mayaffectmalegenitaldevelopmentincreasechildhoodobesityandcontributetocardiovasculardisease．In2017，theConsumerProductSafetyCommissionbannedtheuseorsomephthalatesinchild﹣careproductssuchasteethingrings．（1）AccordingtotheAmericanAcademyofPediatric'sreport，peopleshouldtocopewiththeproblemoffoodadditives．A．trytoavoidfoodadditivesindailylifeandreviserelevantrulesonfoodadditivesB．updatethefoodsafetyassessmentprogramandchecktheapprovedchemicalsagainC．improvethefoodadditivesregulatorysystemandretestallapprovedchemicalsD．reducetheusageoffoodadditivesandestablishnewfoodprotectionsystem（2）LeonardoTrasandeholdstheviewthatfoodadditivesdomoreharmtochildrenthanadultsbecausestudyshows．A．childrenaremoresensitivetowhattheyeatanddrinkthanadultsB．childrenusuallyeatanddrinkmoreunhealthyfoodthanadultsC．childrenarejusttooyoungandweaktoprotectthemselvesD．children'sorgansareeasiertobedamagedandhardtorecover（3）Howmanyspecifickindsofharmfuleffectcausedbytheadditivesarementionedinthepassage？A．2B．7C．8D．319．（8分）Thekoalaisanunusualcreature．NativetoAustraliaandabitbiggerthanarabbit，itspendsmostofitstimeineucalyptustrees（桉樹），feedingonleavesthatarepoisonoustonearlyeveryotheranimalontheplanet．Thekoalasleepsabout22hoursadayandspendstheremainderofitstimeeatingandresting．Itmightspend10minutesadaymoving，expertssay，usuallyfromonetreetoanother．Ithasasoftpadattheendofitsspineandextrathickfuronitsrearendtomaketheeffort，ofsittingmorecomfortable．ThreatsandprotectivemeasuresTheuniquelifestyleofthekoalahashelpeditprosper，buttodaythecuteandiconiccreatureisfacingthreatsfromhabitatloss，diseaseandachangingclimate．Koalapopulationsareexpectedtodeclineby50percentinthenext20yearsaccordingtotheAustralianMuseum．Tohelpprotecttheseanimals，whichbringinanestimated＄1.1billiontoAustraliaeachyearthroughkoala﹣relatedtourism，aninternationalteamofresearchershaspublishedthefirstcompletegenome（基因組）ofthekoala．Theirhopeisthatthekeystothemarsupial's（有袋動物）long﹣termsurvivalmightbeplantedinitsgeneticcode．"Theultimategoalisthatwewon'thaveto…rescuethemfromtheedgeofextinction，"saidRebeccaJohnsonoftheAustralianMuseumResearchInstituteinSydney，wholedthework．"Nowwehaveareallygoodunderstandingofthekoalagenome，andweareinafantasticpositiontousethatknowledgetohelpusmanagethem．"EarlyfindingsAnelementaryanalysisofthekoala'sgenome，publishedinNatureGenetics，hasalreadyyieldedsomeinterestingfindings．Forexample，theauthorsfoundthat，comparedtoothermammals，thekoala'sDNAincludesanexpansioninthenumberofgenesthatencodeforenzymesinvolvedinanti﹣poison．Thatallowsthemtohaveadietthatdependsalmostentirelyoneucalyplusleaveswhichareunusuallyhighinpoison．However，italsomeansthatkoalasmetabolize（代謝）medicineslikeanti﹣chlamydiaantibioticsfasterthanotheranimals．Thekoalagenomealsorevealedwhykoalasaresuchfamouslypickyeaters．Theyareknowntoconsumeleavesfromjust20ofAustralia's60knowneucalyplusspecies．Andevenwhentheyareinoneoftheirpreferredtrees，koalastakeleafselectionveryseriously．InformationwaitingtobediscoveredJohnsonsaidthattheinformationencodedinthekoala'sDNAisalreadybeingincludedinmanagementstrategiesbyconservationgroups．However，shesaidthefindingsdescribedinthenewpaperrepresenttheearlystagesofwhatcanbegleamedfromthemarsupial'sgenome．"Thedataispublic，andIwouldloveforanyonetostartminingitandseewhatotheramazingthingstheycanfind，"shesaid．"Onceyouhaveagenomeofthisquality，thesky'sthelimitwithwhatyoucandowithit．"（1）Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage？A．TheresearchontheKoala'sDNAhaspreventeditsextinctionsuccessfully．B．ScientistsaretryingtorescueKoalasbyprovidingmoreeucalyptusleaves．C．Koala'sextinctionisbeingcontrolledeffectivelyinAustralia．D．ScientistsaretryingtofindawaybasedonKoala'sgenetosavethem．（2）Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingisTRUE？A．Koalascandigestpoisonousleavesthankstotheirgene．B．Koalasareparticularaboutleavesbecauseoftheirtaste．C．Koalasarebeingextinctjustduetohuman'sactivities．D．Koalaswillmovetoothercontinentsinordertosurvive．（3）"Thesky'sthelimit"inthelastsentencemostprobablymeans．A．TheskyistherestrictionB．TheskyistoohightoreachC．ThereisnolimitD．Thereisnopossibility（4）Thepassageismainlyabout．A．Koala﹣aSpecialCreatureinAustraliaB．scientificresearchonKoalasC．scientificeffortstosavetheKoalasD．Koala'sCharactersandPreferenceSectionCDirections：Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencescanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.20．（8分）A．Cleaningyourcommunitywillhaveapositiveeffectonothersinsociety．B．Theyfindaneedoranissueyoureallycareabout．C．Buttheybelongtothecommunity，too．D．LivinginacleanneighborhoodwillbeitsownrewardE．Don'thesitatetotakepartinthecommunity'sactivityF．RoundupsomereadersCanjustonepersonmakeadifference？Youbet!Inacommunityeverypersoncounts，andgettinginvolvedisnotdifficult．Takestockofyourowntalentsandinterests．（1）．Don'twaitforsomeoneelsetoactfirst．Taketheinitiative!Onceyouseewhatyoucanaccomplish，you'llwanttokeepgoing．Herearejustafewwaystomakeadifferenceinyourcommunity．Howmanymorewayscanyoucomeupwith？Cleanupthecommunity．Peopleoftenthrowlitterinplaceswherethereisalreadylitter．Andtheproblemonlybecomesworseuntilsomeonegetsfedupanddoessomething．Couldyourneighborhooduseacleanup？Neighborhoodcleanupsareoftensponsoredbylocalbusinessesorschools．Butifyourcommunitydoesn'thaveacleanupprogram，gettogetherwithfriendstoorganizeone．Youcouldpickupgarbageinalargerareatwiceayear，oryoucouldcleanasmallerareaeveryfewmonths．（2）Includetheisolated．Doyouknowanyonewhoishousebound？Almostallneighborhoodshaveafewpeoplewhohavetostayattheirhomes．Thesepeopleareoftenelderlyandunabletoleavetheirhomestoperformsimpletasks．（3）．Bylettingthem"borrow"yourlegsandeyes，youcanmakethemfeelincluded．Youcanrunerrandsforthemlikeshoppingorpayingbills．Theymightlikeyoutoreadtothemiftheireyesightisfailing．Governmentsprovidesomeoftheservicesthesepeopleneed，butprogramscannotgivethemfriendship；that'swhatcommunitiesarefor!（4）．ReadingclubsarepopularalloverEuropeandNorthAmerica．Membersmightreadathometopreparefordiscussion，ortheymightreadaloudtoeachotherandtalkaboutwhattheyjustread．Eitherway，abookorarticlecansparklivelydiscussionandthisoftenchallengespeopletotakeaction．Ⅳ.SummaryWriting21．（10分）Directions：Readthefollowingpassage．Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words．Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible．Smallbusinessesholdthekeytoemployedhappiness．Asthecalendarflipstoanotheryear，manyemployees'willconsiderstartingthenewyearonthehuntforanewjob．Intoday'schangingworkforce，itismoreimportantthaneverforcompaniestorealizethatasalaryaloneisnolongerenoughtoattractorretainstrongemployees．AccordingtoasurveybyAflac，smallbusinessdeservearoundofapplausefortheirabilitytokeepemployeeshappy．Thereportfondthat85percentofsmall﹣businessemployeesarehappyintheircurrentjob，andmorethanhalf（51percent）agreethatmostoforalloftheirhappinessintheircurrentjobisaresultofworkingforasmallbusiness．Nearlyaquarterofparticipants（23percent）statedthatthefeelingofimportancewasthebestpartofworkingforasmallbusiness．Smallbusinesseshavetheuniqueabilitytomakeemployeesfeelappreciated，respectedandvaluedonapersonalandprofessionallevel．Inasmall﹣businessenvironment，therearetypicallyfewerlayersbetweennewcomersandleadership．Thistight﹣knitstructurecancreateafamily﹣likeatmospherethatallowsemployeestofeelthattheiropinionsmatterandthattheyplayasignificantroleinthebusiness'smission．Flexibilityisalsovitalincreatingemployeehappiness．Accordingtothereport，30percentofrespondentsnotedthatflexibleschedulingwasthebestpartofworkingforasmallbusiness．Aworkplacethatpromoteshealthywork﹣lifebalancecancreatehappier，lessstressedemployeesandcanalsoincreaseproductivity．Althoughsmallbusinessexcelatkeepingemployeeshappy，thereisalwaysroomforimprovement．Inasmall﹣businesscommunity，moneydoesnotseemtobetheonlymotivator．Infact，65percentofsmall﹣businessemployeesindicatethatanimprovementintheirbenefitsofferingswouldmakethemhappier．Byofferingagreatbenefitsplanthanincludesvoluntarybenefits，smallbusinesscanensurethattheiremployeesareabletofindtherightbenefitstomeettheirindividualneeds．Ⅴ.TranslationDirections：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish，usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.22．（2分）"愛你的鄰居"對每個人而言都是一項艱巨的任務．（tough）．23．（2分）諸如地震這一類的自然災害，對某些地區(qū)的影響遠比其他地區(qū)更大．（like）．24．（2分）如果你的演講有良好的規(guī)劃和充滿熱情的演繹，肯定會打動聽眾的．（inspire）．25．（2分）