2019年高考英語閱讀理解專題突破

2019年高考英語閱讀理解專題突破（名師精選試題+解析答案，建議下載練習(xí)）專題1-主旨大意（一）A（2017年重慶一模）ThefirstpotatoesweregrownbytheIncasofSouthAmerica,morethan400yearsago.Theirdescendants（后代）inEcuadorandChilecontinuetogrowthevegetableashighas14，000feetupintheAndesMountains.（That'shigherthananyotherfoodwillgrow.）EarlySpanishandEnglishexplorersshippedpotatoestoEurope,andtheyfoundtheirwaytoNorthAmericaintheearly1600s.Peopleeatpotatoesinmanyways—baked,mashed,androasted，tonamejustthree.However，intheUnitedStatesmostpotatoesareeatenintheformofFrenchfries.Onefast-foodchainalonesellsmorethan$1billionworthoffrieseachyear.Nowonder,then,thatthecompanypaysparticularattentiontothewayitsfriesareprepared.Beforeanyfrymakesittothepeoplewhoeatatthesepopularrestaurants，itmustpassmanyseparatetests.Failanyoneofthesetestsandthepotatoisrejected.Tostartwith,onlyRussetBurbankpotatoesareused.TheseIdahopotatoeshavelesswatercontentthanotherkinds,whichcanhaveasmuchas80percentwater.Oncecutinto“shoestrings”shapes，thepotatoesarepartlyfriedinasecretblendofoils,sprayedwithliquidsugartobrownthem,steamdriedathighheat,thenflashfrozenforshipmenttoindividualrestaurants.Beforeshipping，everyshoestringismeasured.Fortypercentofabatchmustbebetweentwoandthreeincheslong.Another40percenthastobeoverthreeinches.Whataboutthe20percentthatareleftinthebatch?Well，afewshortfriesinabagareokay，itseems.So,nowthatyourealizetheenormoussizeandvalueofthepotatocrop,youcanunderstandwhymostpeopleagreethatthispartofthefoodindustryisno“smallpotatoes”．【語篇解讀】本文介紹了土豆被引進(jìn)美國的歷史及炸薯?xiàng)l在美國食物產(chǎn)業(yè)中舉足輕重的地位。1．PotatoesinNorthAmericacamedirectlyfrom ．A．ChileB．EuropeC．EcuadorD．theAndesMountainsB［考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文中第一段最后一句"EarlySpanishandEnglishexplorersshippedpotatoestoEurope,andtheyfoundtheirwaytoNorthAmericaintheearly1600s.”可知，北美最早的土豆來自歐洲。故選B項(xiàng)。］2．Whydoesthecompanypayspecialattentiontothewaythefriesareprepared?A．Becausesellingfriesisabigbusiness.B．Becausefriesarenoteasytoprepareatall.C．BecauseAmericansareparticularaboutfries.D．Becausethegovernmenthasastrictruleforthat.A［考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段的“Onefast-foodchainalonesellsmorethan$1billionworthoffrieseachyear.Nowonder，then,thatthecompanypaysparticularattentiontothewayitsfriesareprepared”可知，在美國，炸薯?xiàng)l是個(gè)很大的行業(yè)，所以會(huì)被特殊關(guān)注。故選A項(xiàng)。］3．Inthelastparagraph,thewritermainlywantstosay ．A．smallpotatoescannotbeusedforfriesB．potatoesarereallyimportantforAmericansC．eatinginAmericaistheveryfirstthingD．friesarereallyimportantforfoodindustryD［考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的內(nèi)容“thispartofthefoodindustryisno‘smallpotatoes’”可知，在美國，炸薯?xiàng)l在食品產(chǎn)業(yè)中不是“小土豆”（無足輕重的東西），由此可推測，炸薯?xiàng)l在食品產(chǎn)業(yè)中占有重要的地位。故選D項(xiàng)。］［干擾項(xiàng)分析］本題學(xué)生易誤選B項(xiàng)，本文首先介紹了土豆被引入美國，且炸薯?xiàng)l帶來了強(qiáng)大商業(yè)利潤，但在最后一段中，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息“realizetheenormoussizeandvalueofthepotatocrop”及“thispartofthefoodindustryisno'smallpotatoes’.”可知，本段重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)炸薯?xiàng)l在食品產(chǎn)業(yè)中的重要地位，而不是土豆對(duì)美國人的重要性，故排除B項(xiàng)。4.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.TheaverageAmericaneats50poundsofpotatoesayear.B.Frenchfriesaremadefrompotatoes.C.PotatoesareakeyvegetableinAmerica.D.Thevarioustermsforpotatoeshavealonghistory.C［考查主旨大意。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，在美國，土豆可以有多種吃法，尤其是炸薯?xiàng)l，深受人們的歡迎，也因此帶來了強(qiáng)大的商業(yè)利潤，在食品產(chǎn)業(yè)中占有重要地位。因此，本文的主旨是，在美國土豆是很重要的蔬菜。故選C項(xiàng)。］B（2017年湖南長郡中學(xué)模擬）Itisquitereasonabletoblametrafficjams,thecostofgasandthegreatspeedofmodernlife，butmannersontheroadarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenwouldbecomefiercetigersbehindthewheel.Itisallrighttohaveatigerinacage，buttohaveoneinthedriver'sseatisanothermatter.Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners，butagoodsense.Ittakesthemostcool-headeddriversgreatpatiencetogiveupthedesiretobeatbackwhenforcedtofacerudedriving.Ontheotherhand，alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardreducingthepossibilityofquarrellingandfighting.Afriendlynodorawaveofthanksinanswertoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandbecomessonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchbehaviorofpolitenessisbynomeansenough.Manydriversnowadaysdon'tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.However，misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Atypicalexampleisthedriverwhowavesachildcrossingthestreetatawrongplaceintothepathofoncomingcarsthatmaynotbeabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheywantto.Anexperienceddriver，whosemannersarefaultless，toldmeitwouldhelpifdriverslearnttocorrectlyjoininatrafficstreamwithoutcausingtotalblockagesthatgiverisetounpleasantfeelings.Unfortunately，moderndriverscan'tevenlearntodrive，letalonemastertheroadmanship（公路駕車技能）.Yearsago,expertswarnedusthatthefastincreaseofthecarownershipwoulddemandmoregive-and-take（互諒互讓）fromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.【語篇解讀】隨著車輛的增多，很多司機(jī)都有可怕的路怒癥，甚至不知道什么是文明交通。專家們呼吁，司機(jī)應(yīng)該互諒互讓，將文明駕駛牢記在心。1．Thepassagemainlytalksabout ．A．trafficjams B．goodmannersC．roadpoliteness D．moderndriversC［考查主旨大意。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butagoodsense.及第三段第一句However，misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.可知，本文主要圍繞道路文明禮貌行為展開論述。故選C項(xiàng)。］2．Troublesontheroadareoftencausedby ．A．trafficjamsB．thebehaviorofthedriversC．thegreatspeedofmodernlifeD．terribleroadconditionsB［考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenwouldbecomefiercetigersbehindthewheel.可知，大家都知道，平時(shí)非常紳士的人在開車的時(shí)候也會(huì)變成一只猛虎。再根據(jù)文中對(duì)道路上司機(jī)們的種種行為的描述可判斷，公路上的麻煩主要是由司機(jī)的行為引起的。故選B項(xiàng)。］3．Accordingtothewriter，agooddrivershould ．A．encouragechildrentocrosstheroadwhenevertheywanttoB．beatbackwhenforcedtofacerudedrivingC．beabletorecognizepolitenesswhenheseesitD．joininatrafficstreamquicklyhoweverotherpeoplefeelC［考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句Manydriversnowadaysdon'tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.可知，在看到禮貌行為時(shí)，一個(gè)好司機(jī)應(yīng)當(dāng)能夠?qū)Υ擞兴J(rèn)知。故選C項(xiàng)。］4．Itisnotalwaysrightfordriversto ．A．mastertheroadmanshipB．neglectpolitenesswhentheyseeitC．giveafriendlynodinanswertoanactofpolitenessD．encourageoldladiestocrosstheroadwheneverandwherevertheywanttoD［考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheywantto.可知，給老人讓路，讓他們隨意過馬路的禮貌行為是不對(duì)的。故選D項(xiàng)。］C（2017年云南高三年級(jí)11?？鐓^(qū)調(diào)研考試）Spider（蜘蛛）webshavesomethingincommonwithguitarstrings.Thelong，thinstringsonaguitarcanvibrate（振動(dòng)）.Theymovebackandforth,orfromsidetoside.Sodowebsmadebyspiders.Thelinesofsilktheyproducecancarryvibrations.Thismovementgivesthesmallcreatureinformationaboutwhatlandedontheweb.Spidershaveeightlegsandusuallyeighteyes.Theanimalsbuildwebswiththeirownsoft，naturally-madesilk.Andmuchlikeplayingthestringsofaguitar，aspidercansendoutvibrationsacrossitswebovermanydifferentfrequencies（頻率）.Spiderscatchtheirfood,usuallyinsectsintheirwebs.Theymakesmallmovements,whichspreadacrosstheirwebs.Thevibrationscangivethespiderdetailsaboutwhatiscaughtintheweb—maybeapossiblemate,orsomethingtastytoeat.Vibrationsarenotjustusedtospotwhatisfordinner.Theyarealsoimportantincourship（求愛），solotsofmaleswillactuallycreateaveryspecifickindofmusicalpatternwhichthefemalescanusetodeterminenotonlythatthey'reamale,butthey'retherightspecies,andwhethertheymightwanttomatewiththemaswell.Spidersmaketheirownvibrationstofindouttheconditionofthewebs.Bycontrollingthetightnessofthematerial，theycaneffectivelycontrolhowinformationisgettingtothemwhentheyhangoutinthemiddleoftheweb.Spidershaveaspecialabilitytoshapethephysicalnatureoftheirself-madematerialsandcreations.Scientiststhinkthatspidersilkmayhavechangedovertimeforthispurpose.【語篇解讀】本文介紹了蜘蛛吐出的蛛絲可以傳播不同頻率的振動(dòng)，這些振動(dòng)讓它們知道蜘蛛網(wǎng)上落下了什么東西并且這些振動(dòng)在求愛中也非常重要。1．Howdoesaspiderfeelthataninsectiscaughtintheweb?A．Throughitssenseofsight.B．Throughvibrationsofitsweb.C．Throughdifferentfrequencies.D．Throughamusicalpattern.B［考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段的“Thevibrationscangivethespiderdetailsaboutwhatiscaughtintheweb”可知，蜘蛛可以通過蛛網(wǎng)的振動(dòng)知道有東西落到蛛網(wǎng)了。故選B項(xiàng)。］2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inParagraph2probablyreferto?A．Insects. B．Strings.C．Spiders. D．Vibrations.A［考查代詞指代。根據(jù)第二段的“Spiderscatchtheirfood，usuallyinsectsintheirwebs.Theymakesmallmovements，whichspreadacrosstheirwebs”可知，蜘蛛在它們的蛛網(wǎng)上捕食，一般捕到的都是昆蟲。它們制造出傳遍整張蛛網(wǎng)的小振動(dòng)。所以They指代的是昆蟲。］3．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．Silkproducesvibrationsasthestringsofaguitardo.B．Femalespidersmakespecialsoundstoattractapartner.C．Huntingwillbehardforspidersifthesilkisloose.D．Thetightnessofsilkcan'tbeadjustedonceit'smade.C［考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段的“Bycontrollingthetightnessofthematerial，theycaneffectivelycontrolhowinformationisgettingtothem”可知，蛛網(wǎng)的緊密度對(duì)蜘蛛捕獵至關(guān)重要，故選C項(xiàng)。］［干擾項(xiàng)分析］根據(jù)第一段的第一句"Spider（蜘蛛）webshavesomethingincommonwithguitarstrings”可知，蛛網(wǎng)和吉他弦有一些共同之處，故排除A。根據(jù)第三段的“solotsofmaleswillactually...they'reamale”可排除B。根據(jù)第四段的“Bhemiddleoftheweb”可知，蜘蛛可以控制材料的緊密度，它們可以有效地調(diào)整蛛網(wǎng)的屬性，故可排除D項(xiàng)。4．Thetextmainlytellsreaders ．A．guitarsandspiderwebsaresimilarB．spiderwebshavevariousfunctionsC．spidersareskillfulinhuntinginsectsD．vibrationsarevitalinaspider'slifeD［考查主旨大意。根據(jù)整篇文章的敘述，尤其是“Thevibrationscangivethespiderdetailsaboutwhatiscaughtintheweb—maybeapossiblemate,orsomethingtastytoeat”可知，D項(xiàng)正確。］D（2018?貴陽市摸底考試）It'sgoodtomakemistakes，andhereiswhy.Firstofall，mistakesareaclearsignthatwearetryingnewthings.It'salwaysgoodtotrynewthingsbecausewhenwearetryingnewthings，wearegrowing.Ifwenevertryanythingnew，howcanweimprove？Thesimpleansweris，“Wecan't”．Anothergoodthingaboutmistakesisthatwhenwearemakingthem，wearelearning.Considerthis—Edisonfailed10,000timesbeforeheperfectedthelightbulb.Whenaskedhowitfelttofailthatmanytimes，hesaidthathehadlearned10,000thingsthatdidn'twork.Whenwemakeamistake，wearemuchclosertosuccess.Becauseeverytimewemakeamistake，weeliminateoneofthethingsthatkeepusfromsuccess.Butallthisdoesn'tmeanthatweshouldgothroughlifewithoutconsideringtheconsequencesofamistake.Instead，whenwetrysomethingnew，wehavetobewillingtosetsomereasonablelimitssothatintheeventthatitdoesn'tworkoutthewaywewantitto，wewillbeinapositiontotryagain.Weallhavelimitedresources—intheformoftimeandmoney—soweshouldn'tblowthemallononeapproachtoaproblem.It'sbestthatwerealizeitprobablywon'tbeperfectforthefirsttimeandallocatetheseresourcesappropriatelysowecanlearn，makecorrections，andtryagain.Onlybyacceptingandusingourmistakesinthiswaycanwemakesignificantadvancesinourlives.Thereisanoldsayingthatgoes，“Ifyou'renotmakingmistakes，you'renottryinghardenough”．Sogoforthandmakemistakes.1．Whichcanbeusedtoreplacetheunderlinedword“eliminate”inParagraph4?A．makeupforB．getridofC．a(chǎn)cceptD．expect2．Whatdoweknowfromthefifthparagraph?A．Weshouldignorethepossibleconsequences.B．Weshouldaccepttheoutcomewillingly.C．Weshouldmakesomelimitsforournexttry.D．Weshouldavoidmakingthesamemistakes.3．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Dealingwithmistakes.B．Makingmistakes.C．Makingprogress.D．Benefitingfrommistakes.4．Whatmaythewritersuggestwesaytoourselveswhenmakingamistake?A．Nevermind，Itriedmybest.B．Great！NowIhavelearnedsomething.C．Thisisawasteoftime.D．Lookatthismess.Ishouldjustgiveup.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹犯錯(cuò)的一些好處以及利用錯(cuò)誤獲得成功的策略?！倦y句分析】Whenaskedhowitfelttofailthatmanytimes,hesaidthathehadlearned10,000thingsthatdidn'twork.分析：本句是一一個(gè)復(fù)合句。Whenaskedhowitfelttofailthatmanytimes是「一個(gè)省略句，當(dāng)主句與從句主語一致，并且從句中含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句的主語和be動(dòng)詞可以省略，從句補(bǔ)充完整應(yīng)該是：Whenhewasaskedhowitfelttofailthatmanytimes；第一個(gè)that為副詞，意為“那么”；第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中不作句子成分；第三個(gè)that引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞10,000things。譯文：當(dāng)被問及失敗那么多次的感受時(shí)，他說他已經(jīng)知道了一萬種不適合（作燈泡）的東西。B考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第四段第一句"Whenwemakeamistake,wearemuchclosertosuccess”并結(jié)合對(duì)畫線詞所在句的理解可知，當(dāng)犯錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，我們就除去了一些阻礙成功的因素。由此可推知，eliminate與getridof意思相近，意為“除去”，故選B。C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段第二句"Instead,whenwetrysomethingnew,wehavetobewillingtosetsomereasonablelimits”可知，我們應(yīng)該為下一次嘗試設(shè)置一些合理的限度，故選C。A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)與第五段第一句"Butallthisdoesn'tmeanthatweshouldgothroughlifewithoutconsideringtheconsequencesofamistake”不符；D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在我們應(yīng)該避免犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤,文章中并沒有明確提到,故排除。D考查主旨大意。根據(jù)文章第一段"It'sgoodtomakemistakes,andhereis亞卜丫”的開篇點(diǎn)題,并結(jié)合對(duì)全文的整體理解可知,本文主要講述犯錯(cuò)誤的一些好處,以及利用這些錯(cuò)誤獲得成功的策略，故選D。B考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Anothergoodthingaboutmistakesisthatwhenwearemakingthem,wearelearning”可推知，當(dāng)犯錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，我們要意識(shí)到我們也是在學(xué)習(xí)，從而更接近成功；本段中愛迪生改進(jìn)燈泡的例證也告訴我們，當(dāng)我們犯錯(cuò)時(shí)，我們可以告訴自己：“很好！現(xiàn)在我學(xué)到了一些東西”，故選B。E（2017?湖南十三校第一次聯(lián)考）Withfastfoodandconvenienceatourfingertipsoneverycornerandateveryturn,itisbecomingincreasinglyhardtostayinshape.Stayinghealthyhasbeenmoreandmoredifficultformanyofthecommonpeople.Toopposethiswewouldliketoarmyouwithfourwaysofstayinghealthyandfeelinggreat.Youreallyarewhatyoueat.It'strue,andthere'snowayaroundit.Youcan'tbesittingtherestaringatthatplateoffriedchicken,hopingthatyouwillfeelamazedlaterintheday.Wehavetobeinrealityaboutwhatweeat.Ifweareputtingdeadandfriedfoodinourbellies,whatisgoingtocomeoutisexhaustedenergyandillness.Enjoythesun.Enjoythesunshine,orthewindorcoldforthatmatter.Inotherwords,getoutside.Takeawalk.Doiteverysingleday.Youdon'thavetobedoingintenseandheavyrunsdayinanddayout,butyoudoneedtobemoving.Yousee,ahealthymetabolism（新陳代謝）willonlycomefromanactivelifestyle.Thosewhohaveasedentaryliving,sittinginofficechairsorhardlymoving,willhavebodiesadaptedtothatlifestyle.Butifyourbodythinksthatitneedstoburn,thenitwillgetinthehabitofburning.Shoparoundtheoutsideofthegrocerystore.Thisisbecomingmoreandmoreofapopularsayingamonghealth-foodadvocates.Theinnerpassagesarefarmorelikelytobefilledwithpreservatives（防腐劑）andchemicalstokeepthoseboxedandpackagedfoodsfreshforlongperiodsoftime.Yeteatingfreshfruits,vegetables,unprocessedmeatsandsoforthwillkeepnutrient-densefoodsgoingthroughyourbody.Themorelivingitemsyouconsume,themorehelptheywillbeabletobetoyourimmunesystemandyourtotalbodyhealth.Water.Yes,simplyandwithoutend,water.Youneedthisforeverysinglefunctionthatyourbodyperforms.Whenyougetupinthemorning,beforeyouputanythingelseonyourtongue,drinkaquartortwo.Builduptheamountyouconsumeeachday.Anoptionforwaterinsteadofotherpick-me-ups.Daybydayyourbodywillrealizethatyouaregoingtobemorethoroughlyhydrating,anditwillkeepyoufeelinghealthyasyoucanbe.【語篇解讀】隨著觸手可及的快餐以及便捷舒適的生活方式越來越普及，現(xiàn)在的人們想保持身材已并非易事；對(duì)于大多數(shù)普通人來說，保持健康也變得愈加困難，本文就如何保持健康給出了一些建議。1．Accordingtotheauthor,whatmakesitdifficulttokeephealthy?A．Peoplearetoobusytotakeexercise.B．Ourlifebecomesmoreandmoreconvenient.C．Peopleareusedtolivingalazylife.D．Thestoresarearoundourhouses.B［考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段第一、二句"Withfastfoodandconvenienceatourfingertipsoneverycorner...itisbecomingincreasinglyhardtostayinshape.Stayinghealthyhasbeenmoreandmoredifficult...”可知，由于人們生活中的便利舒適越來越多，減少了活動(dòng)量，從而導(dǎo)致健康水平也在下降。故選B項(xiàng)。］2．Whenisthebesttimetodrinkwater?A．Aftergettingupinthemorning.B．Afterfinishingyourlunch.C．Beforegoingtobed.D．Afterbreakfast.A［考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Water部分的“Whenyougetupinthemorning,beforeyouputanythingelseonyourtongue，drinkaquartortwo.”可知，最好在早上起床后喝水。故選A項(xiàng)。］3．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．WearewhatweeatB．TipsforstayinghealthyC．It'sbettertoshoparoundD．WaterisveryimportantforourbodyB［考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段最后一句以及下文中的幾點(diǎn)建議可知，本文是針對(duì)如何保持健康給出的幾條建議。故選B項(xiàng)。］專題1-主旨大意（二）A（2017?湖北武漢武昌區(qū)高三年級(jí)調(diào)研考試）IfeltlikeIhadclickedmyheelsthreetimesandcometoacountryawayfromhomeeverymorningasIwalkedthroughthedoorsattheEmbassyofAustraliainWashington.MusicalAussieaccentsandAboriginalartexhibitsmademewonderifIhadenteredwithoutavisa.InfactIwasatemporaryemployee,apublicaffairsunpaidintern（實(shí)習(xí)生）forthreemonthsduringthesummerinordertoengagemyselfinthecultureofthecountrywhereIplannedtostudythenextspring.DuringthesummerIreadtheAustraliannewseveryday.WorkingattheembassyallowedmetoescapetheU．S.forsixhoursperdayandlearnaboutwhatwasgoingonacrosstheplanet.AfterreadingthedailyAustralianandU．S.newsIusuallyhelpedprepareaPowerPointpresentationforschoolkidswhovisitedtheembassyaspartofaschoolactivity.Dependingonwhetheranembassyeventwasgoingon,IwouldattendweeklymeetingstolistentoplanningandseewhatIcoulddotohelp.Usuallythereweresmallertaskstobedonesuchascreatingvisitors'guides.ThemostfantasticeventinwhichIparticipatedwasthevisitoftheAustralianPrimeMinister.AstheonlyAmericanamongcountlessAustralianmediaandstaff,IfeltcomfortableandwaskeptbusytakingpicturesandrecordingdoorstopinterviewsatfamoussitessuchastheCapitol.Asanintern,youwillnotbeexposedtotop-secretinformation,butyouareontheinsidewhenitcomestospecialevents.Governmentworkisausefuladditiontoone'sexperience.Asanembassyemployeeyouwillgaininvaluableknowledgewhilespendingyoursummerinaculturallydiverseworkplace.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了作者為了要到澳大利亞學(xué)習(xí)提前在位于華盛頓的澳大利亞駐美國大使館實(shí)習(xí)的經(jīng)歷。1．Whatistheauthortalkingabout?A．Herembassyinternship.B．Hertroubleinfindingajob.C．Herforeigncultureexperience.D．Herpreparationforfutureemployment.A［考查主旨大意。根據(jù)全文大意可知，作者主要講述了她在位于華盛頓的澳大利亞駐美國大使館實(shí)習(xí)的經(jīng)歷。］2．WhywastheauthorintheEmbassyofAustraliaforthreemonths?A．Toapplyforavisa.B．TopreparetostudyinAustralia.C．TorecordmusicalAussieaccents.D．ToappreciateAboriginalartexhibits.B［考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段最后一句中的“inordertoengagemyselfinthecultureofthecountrywhereIplannedtostudythenextspring”可知，作者實(shí)習(xí)的原因是讓自己融入澳大利亞的文化中，因?yàn)槊髂甏禾焖ツ抢飳W(xué)習(xí)，故答案為B。］3．WhatwastheauthorforbiddentodowhentheAustralianPrimeMinistervisitedAmerica?A．Recorddoorstopinterviews.B．Knowtop-secretinformation.C．Takepicturesofspecialevents.D．StandamongtheAustralianstaff.B［考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句中的“youwillnotbeexposedtotop-secretinformation”可知，實(shí)習(xí)生不會(huì)接觸到絕密信息，故選B。］4．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor'sdailyroutineattheEmbassy?A．Itistiring. B．Itisboring.C．Itisexciting. D．Itisrelaxing.C［考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的“Themostfantasticevent”以及最后一段中的“ausefuladdition”和“gaininvaluableknowledge”可知，作者對(duì)這次經(jīng)歷的描述是非常積極和正面的，因此可以推斷出，在大使館工作是令作者興奮的。］B（2017?長春七校第一次聯(lián)考）ThereisapopularsayingintheEnglishlanguage：“Sticksandstonesmaybreakmybones，butwordswillneverhurtme.”Well，thatisnottrue.Unkindwords，name-callingoreventheso-called“thesilenttreatment”canhurtchildrenasmuchasbeingphysicallyhit，sometimesevenmoreso.Arecentstudyofmiddleschoolchildrenshowedthatverbal（言語的）abusebyotherchildrencanharmdevelopmentinthebrain.ThestudywasaprojectofresearchersatHarvardMedicalschoolinMassachusetts.ResearcherMartinTeicherandhisteamstudiedyoungadults，aged18to25.Theseyoungmenandwomenhadnoteverbeentreatedinacruelorviolentwaybytheirparents.Theresearchersaskedtheyoungpeopletoratetheirchildhoodexposuretoverbalabusefrombothparentsandotherchildren.Thentheresearchersperformedimagingtestsonthebrainsofthesubjects.Theimagesshowedthatthepeoplewhoreportedsufferingverbalabusefrompeersinmiddleschoolhadunderdevelopedconnectionsbetweentheleftandrightsideofthebrain.Thetwosidesofthebrainareconnectedbyalargebundleofconnectingfiberscalledthecorpuscallosum.Thiswastheareathatwasunderdeveloped.Themiddleschoolyearsareatimewhenthesebrainconnectionsaredeveloping.So，unkind，hurtfulcommentsfromchildrenoradultsduringthisperiodhavethegreatesteffect.Theresearcherstestedthementalandemotionalconditionofalltheyoungpeopleinthestudy.Thetestsshowedthatthissamegroupofpeoplehadhigherlevelsoffear，depression，angeranddrugabusethanothersinthestudy.TheresearcherspublishedtheirfindingsonlineontheAmericanJournalofPsychiatry'swebsite.Parentscannotcontrolwhatotherpeoplesaytotheirchildren，buttheycanpreparetheirchildren.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。馬薩諸塞州哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，語言暴力會(huì)干擾大腦神經(jīng)的連接，對(duì)孩子的大腦發(fā)育造成不良影響。1．Whydoestheauthorusethepopularsayingatthebeginning?A．Toshowthepowerofwords.B．Tointroduceanoppositeview.C．Toprovetheauthor'sargument.D．Toshowancientpeople'swisdom.B［考查作者意圖。引用名人名言、諺語等是文章開篇的常見寫作方式，且大多用來引出文章的話題。但是根據(jù)此諺語后面的“Well,thatisnottrue.Unkindwords,name-callingoreventheso-called‘thesilenttreatment’canhurtchildrenasmuchasbeingphysicallyhit，sometimesevenmoreso”可知，本文弓［用這個(gè)諺語恰恰是為了引出一個(gè)不同的或者說是相反的觀點(diǎn)，故選B。］2．Whatdidthesubjectshaveincommon?A．Theywerehurtbyunkindwords.B．Theyperformedpoorlyinimagingtests.C．Theyhadtheirbrainslightlydamaged.D．Theyexperiencednophysicalabuseathome.D［考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theseyoungmenandwomenhadnoteverbeentreatedinacruelorviolentwaybytheirparents”可知，這些實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象都沒有遭受過父母的殘酷或暴力對(duì)待,也就是說,他們?cè)诩依锒紱]受到過身體上的虐待。故選D。］［干擾項(xiàng)分析］部分學(xué)生會(huì)誤選A項(xiàng)，原因在于學(xué)生看到了第三段中的“reportedsufferingverbalabusefrompeersinmiddleschool”而誤認(rèn)為所有的實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象都遭受過語言暴力，但是根據(jù)前面的“thepeoplewho”可知，并非所有實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象都遭受過語言暴力。3．Whatwillbediscussedinthenextparagraph?A．Commentsonthefindings.B．Approachestofurtherstudies.C．Suggestionstoparents.D．Differentopinionsonthematter.C［考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Parentscannotcontrolwhatotherpeoplesaytotheirchildren，buttheycanpreparetheirchildren”可知，作者接下來應(yīng)該會(huì)就“父母如何幫助自己的孩子為可能遭受的語言暴力做好準(zhǔn)備，使他們不會(huì)受到語言暴力的影響”給出一些方法或建議。故選C。］4．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Thewaywespeakmatters.B．Verbalviolenceshouldbestopped.C．Unkindwordshurtthebrain.D．Wordsareworsethansticksandstones.C［考查主旨要義。文章介紹了語言暴力對(duì)孩子的不良影響，再根據(jù)文中的“verbal（言語的）abusebyotherchildrencanharmdevelopmentinthebrain”可以看出，其影響主要體現(xiàn)在孩子的大腦發(fā)育方面。故選C。］CForyears，IthoughtthatmymotherwouldbecomeaCentenarian（百歲老人），butafter98yearsandeightmonths，sherecentlydiedofoldage.Asitwaswithmyfather，herfuneraltookplaceinthemostpeacefulsettingofthecountrysideofruralWashingtonCounty.Evenaftermyfatherdied，wecontinuedtothinkofourparentsasone．Theywereateaminthetraditionalsense.Churchandfamilyweretheirlifelines.Theyworkedhard，nevercomplaining.Theyexpectedtoearntheirdailybreadbythesweatoftheirbrow.OnceduringaconversationwithTomBrokaw，whowrotethebest-sellingbookTheGreatestGeneration，Itoldhim，“Youleftoutmyparents.”Theydidn'tgoofftowar，buttheybelongedtotheGreatestGeneration.They，too，werepartofthefoundationthatmadeAmericatrulygreat.Theykeptthehomefiresburning.Ourmothergloriedinbeingahousewifeandmother.Havingbeenateacherinherearlyadultyears，wheneducationwasmoreimportantthananythingelse，shegaveupherjobtoraiseafamily.Shewasanexcellentcook，butshehadtocookonawoodstove.Therewasnorefrigerator，nothingelectric.Butnobodywaseverbetteratmakingdo.Inadditiontoallthehouseholdchoresandresponsibilities，shewenttothefieldseverydaytohelpproduceacroptopaytherentandtoprovideforthefamily.Sheandmydadworkedhardtosaveeverypennypossible.Theysavedeverypennytobuyafarmlateinlife.Theyalsosavedenoughmoneytoliveouttheirrespectiveliveswithhomecarewithouttakingupresidencyinanursinghome.Theywerefiercelyindependent.Ifyouhadsuggestedtheyacceptagovernmenttransferpayment，theywouldhavespitinyoureye..Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．MotherplayedagreatpartinthefamilyB．Motherdiedattheageof98yearsoldC．MotherwasburiedbythesideoffatherD．Mothersurvivedfatherbymanyyears2.Theunderlinedpart“one”inthefirstparagraphmeans ．A．parent B．centenarianC．hero D．entirety3．WhatdoweknowaboutTomBrokaw?A．Heisoneoftheauthor'sparents'friends.B．Helikestalkingwiththeauthor'sparents.C．Hetakesupapositionasawriter.D．Heisgoodatmanagingahome.4．Howdoestheauthorfindhisparents?A．Braveandhardworking.B．Modestandwarmhearted.C．Economicalandindependent.D．Respectiveandsatisfied.【解析】【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，屬于人生百味類短文閱讀。母親像眾多的家庭婦女一樣，為了家人的健康和生活無怨無悔地辛苦了一生，和父親一起為了這個(gè)家奉獻(xiàn)了一生。.解析：選人。主旨大意題。作者從母親的離世談起，談到母親為了家人，放棄了自己喜歡的工作，為了家人無怨無悔地奉獻(xiàn)了一生。故選A。.解析：選D。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Evenaftermyfatherdied，wecontinuedtothinkofourparentsasone.”可知，家人總是把父母看作是一個(gè)整體。故選D。.解析：選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段TomBrokaw寫的書TheGreatestGeneration很暢銷，可知他是一名作家。故選C。.解析：選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，在作者眼中他的父母節(jié)約每一分錢過生活，不喜歡接受他人的施舍。故選C。DLifeaffectsfriendships.Aswegrow,marry,fightinwars,moveacrossthecountryorchangejobs,oldfriendshipsfallawayandnewonesform.Aslongaswelive,thethingsarounduschange,andaslongasthingschange,friendshipsareaffected.Whenwewerechildrenwehadbestfriends.Nomatterwhathappenedwewerestillfriends.Weliveourlives,however,anddowhatlifecallsforustodo,andaswegetolder,memoriesfade,facesblur,andevenfriends'namesfromchildhoodareforgotten.Doyouhaveaquestionaboutfriendship?Doyouwonderwhattodowithafriendwhoisnolongerfriendly?Perhapsyouwillseethatyoucan'tcontrolothers.Ifsomeonewantstobeyourfriend,itistheirchoice.Allyoucandoistreatthemwellanddothebestforthemwhenyouarewiththem.Thenyouwishthemwellwhentheyleave.Youcantalktooldtimersandtheywilltellyouthatlifeisfullofincrediblejoyandincrediblesorrow,andthatwhatbothersyoutodaywillonedaybecomesamemoryandthesting（痛苦）willbegone.Seniorsmighttellyouthatyouwilllearnmoreasyougetolder.Theywilltellyouthatfriendshipscomeandfriendshipsgo.Sometimeswhentheygoitwillhurt,butyouwillbeokaywithit.It'sthewaylifeworks,afterall..Whatcanwelearnaboutfriendship,accordingtothetext?A.Friendshipcannotbeeasilyaffectedbyone'sfamily.B.Friendsarealwaysaroundusan