2023屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解之詞義猜測課件 28張

StrategiesandTechniquesforGuessingtheMeaningsofWordsorPhrasesWhileReading高考英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題策略與技巧Mastergeneralstepsandsometipsofguesssingthemeaningsofwords,phrasesorsentences.Developyourabilitytoanalyse,compareandsummarize.Usewhatyouhavelearnedtosolvetheproblem.Bebraveandconfidentinfaceofdifficulty.LearningaimsHowtodealwithunfamiliarwordsandexpressionsyoucomeacrossinreading?Ignorethemandcontinuereading?Guessthemeaningofthem?Lookthemupinthedictionary?hazyThemainpointoftheplaniscleartome;butthedetailsarehazy.greenhandOnthewaytothefactory,Jacksangapopsonghappily,becauseitisthefirstdayforhimtowork.Whenhewasworking,hetalkedwithhiscomrade(同志，伙伴）.Suddenly,themachinebrokedownbecauseofhiscarelessness.Jackwasafraidoftheblameofhisboss.Hiscomradetoldhim,“takeiteasy,youareagreenhand.”高考閱讀理解中可以含有不超過3%的生詞量，在考試中碰到一些不認(rèn)識的單詞和詞組，這是正?，F(xiàn)象，大可不必驚慌失措，也不要因?yàn)閷δ硞€詞的含義糾纏不清而影響閱讀的速度和閱讀的質(zhì)量。Guessing2016-2021年高考全國卷閱讀理解詞義猜測題考查一覽表2021年2020年2019年2018年2017年2016年全國卷Ⅰ1短語Safe!Safe!Safe!1單詞currency1單詞stumble1單詞dominant2代詞that;短語thewatercather1單詞courier全國卷Ⅱ1單詞concede1單詞collapsed1代詞短語tugattheheartstring1單詞juicer2代詞that;句子thetableareturned.1單詞downside全國卷Ⅲ(新高考全國卷）1單詞decimate1單詞keepingtabson1短語takingon1句子Moreismore1單詞displaced1短語apipedream高考閱讀理解詞義猜測題考查方向：主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文推測和判斷單詞、短語或者句子在閱讀材料中含義的能力考查類別：123單詞、短語含義猜測題句意猜測題代詞指代猜測題閱讀理解詞義猜測題解題策略3“3-4-5”

策略45三種類別四個步驟五個解題密碼閱讀理解詞義猜測題解題步驟四步曲1234定位分析Locatetheunderlinedword確認(rèn)需猜測的詞、短語或句子在文中的位置Analysetherelationwithcodes運(yùn)用密碼分析猜測點(diǎn)與語境之間的關(guān)系對比Compareandchoosetheanswer仔細(xì)對比，找出與原句意思吻合的選項(xiàng)核查Rereadandconfirmtheanswer將初選定的答案代入原句，再讀以確定答案

一、邏輯關(guān)系猜詞義LogicalRelation123同義或近義關(guān)系反義關(guān)系因果關(guān)系同義或近義關(guān)系synonymornear-synonym

猜一猜1.Mr.Greenlovestotalk,andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.2.Doctorsbelievethatsmokingisdetrimentaltopeople’shealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.健談的有害的利用上下文中出現(xiàn)的同義或近義的單詞或短語推知劃線詞的意思。常見信號詞：and,or,also,as...as,justas,similarly等1反義關(guān)系猜一猜：3.AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknown.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.4.Itriedhardnottomakeseriousmistakes,butIslippedup.傲慢的，高傲的出差錯，疏忽利用對比或轉(zhuǎn)折的信號詞，然后根據(jù)反義詞線索猜測詞義。常見信號詞/詞組有：but,yet,despite,however,while,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,incontrast,instead等2因果關(guān)系Causalrelation5.Iguessthatthere'sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingarentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren'tevenon...Attheointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I'lldoit.”(全國Ⅱ2019閱讀理解B）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugatheartstrings”inparagraph2mean?A.encourageteamworkB.appealtofeeling.C.promotegooddeeds.D.provideadvice.3利用因果關(guān)系猜詞義，常見的詞或短語：since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,hence,owingto,thanksto,onaccountof,resultin,accordingly,so...that等123下定義定語從句同位語

二、解釋說明法

Explanation

45舉例標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號123下定義定語從句同位語猜一猜：1.Pantomimereferstoashortplayinwhichnowordsarespoken.2.Hewasaprestidigitatorwhoentertainedthechildrenbypullingrabbitsoutofhats,swallowingfire,andothersimilartricks.3.Semantics,thestudyofthemeaningofwords,isnecessaryifyouaretospeakandreadintelligently.啞劇變戲法的人語義學(xué)下定義：is,mean,refersto,namely等后的內(nèi)容是對前面解釋說明或由thatis(tosay),inotherwords,toputitanotherway引出一些具體的解釋性的短語解釋生詞。定語從句：定語從句修飾和限定了先行詞的內(nèi)容和范疇。同位語：同位語是對其前的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋說明。4舉例對點(diǎn)真題：4....allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.(2018.全國卷Ⅰ.C)A.complexB.advancedC.powerfulD.modern關(guān)注

suchas,forexample,forinstance

可以通過所舉事例推知前面內(nèi)容！5標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號冒號、破折號和括號等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號，可表示解釋說明。猜一猜：5.Youmayborrowfromthelibraryanyperiodicals:NewsWeekly,Reader’sDigest,TheNewYorkers.6.Weareonthenightshift——frommidnightto7a.m.期刊夜班

三、構(gòu)詞法Formation

123合成法派生法轉(zhuǎn)化法（考點(diǎn)熟詞生義）1合成法合成法：指兩個或多個單詞按照一定的組合規(guī)律組合在一起，形成一個新的單詞猜一猜：ill-treat

single-handednew-borncolor-blind虐待獨(dú)自新生的色盲的對點(diǎn)真題：Encouragethiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare,“ButI’mjustnotcreative.”A.mistakeB.drawbackC.difficultyD.burden2派生法通過再詞根上添加前綴或后綴構(gòu)造新詞。一般講前綴改變詞義不變詞性，后綴改變詞性不變詞義。1.Doyouhaveanystrongopinioncoeducationalorsingle-sexschools?2.It’saquiet,comfortablehoteloverlookingthebayinanuncommercializedCornishfishingvillageonEngland’smostsoutherlypoint.

3轉(zhuǎn)化法（考點(diǎn)熟詞生義）轉(zhuǎn)化法：把一種詞性用作另一種詞性而詞形不變。高考中?？际煸~生義，同學(xué)們注意積累，做題時也要結(jié)合語境進(jìn)行檢查猜一猜：1.Don’tletyourpersonalfeelingscloudyourjudgment.2.Hewolfeddownthreebowlsofrice.模糊狼吞虎咽四、生活常識和文化背景（commonsense)對點(diǎn)真題：Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.1.Whatdothewords“moreismore”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Themore,thebetter.B.EnoughisenoughC.Moremoney,moreworries.D.Earnmoreandspendmore.同學(xué)們可以利用生活常識和文化背景進(jìn)行猜測詞義，但每個人已有的知識和經(jīng)驗(yàn)存在差異，做題時要多結(jié)合語境。五、利用上下文語境（context）對點(diǎn)真題:MyFavoriteBooks

JoUsmarisawriterforCosmopolitanandco-authoroftheThisBookWillseries(系列)oflifestylebooks.Hereshepickshertopreads.MatildaRoaldDahl

IoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoaldDahl'swritinganditgavemeanewappreciationforhisstrangeanddelightfulwords.Matilda'sbattleswithhercruelmeparentsandthebossyheadmisres,MissTrunchbull,areequallyfumyandfrightening,butthey'realsoaspirational.1.Whatdoes'I"referto?(2019.全國卷2)A.StephenKing.

B.GillianFlynn.C.JoUsmar.

D.RoaldDahl利用一下文語境猜測詞義要注意進(jìn)行全面考慮，結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞和詞語的搭配等SummaryExercise1.(2020·全國卷Ⅲ閱讀B)Yet“Apes”ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeeping_tabs_onmorethan2，000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including“WaterforElephants”，“TheHangoverPartⅡ”and“Zookeeper”，havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven'tbeentreatedproperly.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“keepingtabson”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Listingcompletely.

B．Directingprofessionally.C．Promotingsuccessfully.

D．Watchingcarefully.2.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷閱讀C)WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica，theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately，ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations，greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat(棲息地).Whatdoestheunderlinedword