Unit 1 Nature in the balance 綜合練習(xí)B-高一英語牛津譯林版必修第三冊

必修三Unit1單元練習(xí)B閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A,B,C和D)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ANowinits84thyear,theWasteManagementPhoenixOpenisamultifacetedexperiencethatcombinesgolfmusicanddiningintheheartoftheSonoranDesert.HostedbytheThunderbirds,theannualtournamentraisesfundsforyouthcharitiesandprograms.Asof2019,ithasraised$134millionforlocalnon-profitsincludingthePhoenixChildren'sHospital,St.Mary'sFoodBank,HomewardBoundandSavetheFamily.Lastyear'stournamentaccumulated$12.2million.Thisyear'scompetitionfeatures132golferscompetingfora$7.1millionpurse,whichcomeswitha$1,278,000first-placecheck.Here’saguidetothe84thentry.When:Monday-Sunday,Jan.28-Feb.3.Where:TPCScottsdale,17020N.HaydeenRoad.Admission:FreeonMondayandTuesday.$45Wednesday,ThursdayandSunday;$60FridayandSaturday.Freeforattendeesaged17andyoungerwhenaccompaniedbyanadult.CoorsLightBirdsNestThePhonenixOpen'sentertainmenttentgetsthepartystartedWednesdaythroughSaturdayevenings.Itislocatedatthecornerof82ndStreetandBellRoad.The2019lineupblendscrowd-pleasingcountry,hip-hopandEDMartists;headlinersareexpectedtotakethestageatabout8:30p.m.eachnight.$120two-for-oneticketsareavailableforpurchaseforWednesdayandThursday'scountryshow.There'sa$400VIPadmissionticketwithaccesstoanexclusiveareainfrontofthestageavailableWednesdayandSaturday.21.Whatcanwelearnaboutthisyear'sWasteManagementPhoenixOpen?A.ItsadmissionreachesapeakonSunday.B.Thoseaged16shouldpurchasefull-pricetickets.C.Thefundsraisedisusedforfightingdesertification.D.Thefirstprizewinnerisawardedoveronemilliondollars.22.HowmuchshouldacouplepaytowatchWednesdayandThursday'scountryshow?A.$400.B..$240.C..$120.D.$90.23.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythispassageappear?A.Entertainment.B.Sport.C.Education.D.Advertisement.BImaginebeinghandedafake(假的）pillbyyourdoctortotreatanillness.Youwouldbeprettymadifyoufoundoutthepillwasnotarealmedication,wouldn'tyou?Betteryet,imaginethedoctortellsyouthepillisfake.Atthatpoint,you'dprobablyquestionwhetherthedoctorevenknowshisstaffatall.Butwait,there'smoretothestory.TedKaptchukofHarvardUniversityconductedanexperimenttohelptreatirritablebowelsyndrome(腸過敏性綜合征）painin2010,inwhichheclearlymarkedthepatients'pillsas＂placebo"(安慰劑），orfake.Unbelievably,thegroupthatwasawarethatitwasreceivingtheplaceboreportedsignificantimprovementintheircondition.Manyofyouprobablyknowabouttheplaceboeffect.It'stheideathatgivingpatientsanineffectivetreatment-suchasasugarpill-fortheirconditionmightactuallyproducebeneficialeffects.Whydoesitwork?Wedon'treallyknow.Onetheoryisthattheplacebocausesyourbraintohavearesponsethatflowsdowntootherpartsofthebody.Placebospresentedasstimulants（興奮劑）tendtoincreasetheheartrateandbloodpressure,andthosepresentedasdepressantsdotheopposite.Infact,theplaceboeffectcanbecomparedtotheexperienceofwatchingahorrormovie.Althoughyouknowthatwhatyou'reseeingisn'tactuallyreal,youmostlikelyexperiencesomeprettyrealeffectssuchasincreaseintheheartrateandsweating.Kaptchuk'sworkdifferedfromthetraditionalplaceboeffect,inthathetoldthepatientsthatthepilltheywerereceivingwasnotrealmedicine.Whenthepatientshavethisknowledge,theterm"open-labelplacebo”isused.Theresultingimprovement'provedthatinmanycases,patientsdon'tneedtobetrickedinorderforthedesiredeffectsofaplacebototakeplace.Infact,thefakemedicationhelpedsomepatientssomuchthattheyrequestedadditionalpillsaftertheexperimentwasover.Ofcourse,thenaturalquestionis:wasthisanextraordinarymedicalphenomenon,orjustplainluck?That'swhyKaptchukandhisteamareattemptingtodoaseven-weektrialbeforeintroducingtheresultstocancersurvivorstotreatseveretirednesscausedbytheaftereffectsofthedisease.24.Thefirstparagraphofthearticleimpliesthat____A.doctorshavepoormedicalethicsB.fakemedicinesaresoldinhospitalsC.patientsdon'treallytrustdoctorsD.wemayhaveawrongideaoffakepills25.Accordingtothepassage,"theplaceboeffect"referstotheideaof____A.takingfakepillstofeelmuchbetterB.usingsugarpillstotreatthepatientsC.benefitingpatientswithrealmedicinesD.treatingpatientsinanineffectiveway26.Whatisthewritergoingtodiscussnext?A.Whydoestheplaceboeffectworkinreallife?B.Howwilltheycarryouttheseven-weektrial?C.Willafakemedicationreallyexistintheworld?D.Arepatientsbeingtotallytreatedwithfakepills?CWhenevershewashavingatoughday,SelenaBerrywouldlookattheskyandimagineherself,flyinghighinthecloudsabovehertroubledneighborhoodandchallengingschoollife."Flyingmakesyoufeelbig,"Bettysaid."You'reontopofeverything.Youlookdownandallyouseeistheview,thebeauty."Thissummer,BerryandsevenotherAfrican-AmericanstudentsintheChicagoareaparticipatedinaprogramtolearnhowtofly.Theprogramisnewandchallengingforparticipants.Intheend,successfulstudentswillgraduatewithaprivatepilot'slicense.TheuniqueprogramiscalledTuskegeeNext."ItisaspecialefforttoincreasethenumberofAfrican-Americanswhocanworkaspilots."saidStephenL.Davis,whoownsabigcompanyWheaton,lllinoisandfoundedtheorganization.Themainmissionofthegroupistohelpstudentsfollowinthefootstepsofthecountry'sfirstblackmilitarypilotTuskegee.Itcostsabout$25,000totakethelessonsandpayfortheflyingtime.Butitisfreetorthesestudents.Davisdonateshisownmoneyandraisesfundstocoverthecosts.Formuchofhisearlylife,Daviswantedtobecomeapilot.Butgrowingup,hecouldnotaffordtheexpensiveschooling.Bythetimehecouldaffordlessons,hehadawifeandchildrenanddidnotwanttotaketherisk.Forthestudents,thebenefitsoflearningtoflyaregreaterthanbeingpilots."Whenyoudon'tseeblackpilots,youdon'tthinkyoucandoit,hesaid."Evenifthesekidsdon'tbecomepilots,learningtoflywillgivethemconfidencetodoothergreatthings."TuskegeeNexttargetsAfrican-Americanteenagersfromroughcommunitieswhomightneverhavesuchachance.Theexperiencewillchangetheirlivesandletthemseeahappyfuture.Someofthestudentsintheprogramwillreceiveasmallstipend,whichmakesupforthesummerjobstheywouldhaveotherwise.Alleightofthestudentshavepassedthewrittenexam.NowtheyarespendinghourspilotingaCessnaairplanewithaninstructor.Somearealreadyflyingtheplanesalone.Onarecentsunnyafternoon,20-year-oldQuianaWhitespentaboutanhouraloneinaCessnaairplanepracticingturns.Thiswasherfirstsoloflightandherclassmatescrowdedaroundheraftershelanded."You'renotthesamepersononceyougouponyourown,"shesaid."Nomatterwhathappens,IknowI'mapilot."27.ThinkingofbeingintheskybroughtSelenaBerry_A.somerelieffromherdailylifeB.somememoriesofherschoollifeC.sometroubleherneighborsmadeD.thebeautifulviewshesawfromthesky28.WhatcanwelearnaboutTuskegeeNext?A.Itencouragesteenagerstoserveinthearmy.B.ItaimstofindanotherTuskegeeinthecountry.C.Ithelpsblackteenagersbuildhopefortheirfuture.D.ItisacommercialorganizationfoundedbyDavis.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"stipend"inParagraph5referto?A.Chance.B.Fine.C.Job.D.Pay.30.HowdoesthepassageexplainthePOSITIVEeffectsofthisprogram?A.Itquotescommunityleaderswhoseethedifferencethisprogramhasmade.B.Itquotesstudentswhohaveexperienceditspositiveinfluenceontheirlives.C.Itquotesfamilymemberswhohavenoticedtheprogressmadebytheirkids.D.Itquotesastudythatshowstheprogramhaspositivelychangedthelivesofteenagers.DAspricesdropandtheirfunctionalityexpands,youcanexpecttoseehumanoid(類人的）robotsinmoreplaces,includingschools,airports,andhospitals.Willtheyinfluencehumanbehavior?Inastudypublishedrecently,scientistsfoundthatmeanrobotscanhelppeopleconcentrate.Theexperiment,publishedinScienceRobotics,wasbasedonsomethingcalledtheStroopTask,whichiswidelyusedinpsychologyanddescribedasthe"goldstandard"ofattentionaltests.Itchallengesparticipantstonamethecolorsofwordsandignoretheirmeaningswhilecalculatingreactiontime.Theresearchersputamoderntwistonthetask,though-thistime,therewasarobotintheroom.Thegoalwastoseeifthepresenceofarobotwouldaffectcognition(認(rèn)知），andtheresearchersfounditdid,butonlywhentherobotwasmean.Howdoyoumakearobotmean?Inthiscase,ameter-talltoyrobotcalledaMeccanoidG15KSwasmadetorespondtosevenquestions.Thegoodrobotstoldjokes,spokeaboutfriendship,anddescribedtestsubjectsasnice.Thebadrobotsrepliedtoquestionswithpassiveaggressivecomebacks,suchas"Ienjoydoinganalysisprogramsbutyouwouldnotunderstand"andstatementslike"Idonotvaluefriendship."Thentheparticipantsratedtherobots."Themoreparticipantsthoughttherobotmadethemuncomfortable,thegreatertheimprovementoftheirStroopperformancewas,"theresearcherswrote."Notsurprisingly,thebadrobotwasratedaslesswarm,friendlyandpleasantthanthegoodrobot."Thestudyauthorsarguethatrobotsarecrossingthelineinsomesituationsfrommachinestosocialagents.Thatwillchangehowhumansinteractwith(與...相互作用）andbehavearoundthem.“Similartoahuman'spresence,thepresenceofarobotmightnotbeneutral(無傾向性的）1nsituationslikeschoolorintheofficewhenyouareworking."NicolasSpatola,oneofthestudyauthorssaidinanemail,"Sobeforeyourbossdecidestointroducearobotinyouroffice,1tcouldbeagoodideatoevaluatehowyoufeelaboutitandhowitcanpositivelyornegativelyimpactyourwork,howcomfortableyoumayfeelwithitorifyoufeelittobeathreat."Just58studentsfromUniversityClermontAuvergneinFranceparticipatedintheexperimentbuttheresearchersfoundanincreaseinthespeedofcorrectanswersamongthoseinthepresenceofameanrobotwhencomparedtothosewhowerewithanicerobotoralone.Inthefuture,robotswillalmostcertainlybecomemoreandmorecommoninnursinghomes,hotelcheck-indesks,behindthewheel,andelsewhere.“Ifwewanttoimprovetheuseofrobotsinourdailylife,thereseemstobeaneedtofirstunderstandhowHumanRobotInteractioncanimpacthumanpsychology,”Spatolasaid.31.Whatwasthefindingofthenewstudy?A.Theuseofrobotsisrising.B.Humanoidrobotscanbemean.C.Unkindrobotscansharpenourfocus.D.Robotsarebecomingmorefunctional.,.32.Accordingtothepassage,howdidtheparticipantsjudgetherobots?A.Bytheirwords.B.Bytheiractions.C.Bytheirappearance.D.BytheStroopTask.33.WhichofthefollowingmightNicolasSpatolaagreewith?A.Becarefulaboutusingrobots.B.Leavetherobotifitpresentsathreat.C.Robotswillhaveagoodimpactonoffices.D.Robotsmayreplacehumansintheworkplace.34.Whatwasthedrawbackofthestudy?A.Theparticipantsweretooyoung.B.Thestudymethodwasn'tscientific.C.Therewasaslightdifferenceinspeed.D.Thenumberoftheparticipantswastoosmall.35.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Scientistshavealreadydevelopedhumanoidrobots.B.Humanoidrobotshavealreadyfounditswayintoourdailylife.C.Humanoidrobotswillcertainlycomeintoourdailylifesoonerorlater.D.Thereisnodifficultywe'llmeetwithbeforehumanoidrobotsarewidelyused.七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whenbignewsbreaks,it'seasytogetcaughtupinfollowingthestoryonline.TheInternetcanbeaplacetofindusefulinformation.36Helpingkidsunderstandthenewsandhowtoseparatefactfromfictionisanimportantjobforparentsandeducators.Here'ssomeadvicethatparentscanofferkidstohelpthembequickertojudgeastheyconsumenewsonline.37Intherushtocoverstories,reportersmakemistakes,officialsdon'talwayshavecorrectinformationandtidbits(八卦新聞）thatsoundreasonableoftengetpassedaroundbeforeanyonehascheckedthemforaccuracy.Usesocialmediawisely.SomesayTwitterisagreatsourceofnewsinthefirstfewminutesofatragedy.38Ontheotherhand,Facebookcanbeagreatwaytoconnectwithfriendsaffectedbyinthenewsandtospreadpersonalnewswithinamorelimitedcircle.Beskeptical.39AftertheBostonMarathonbombing,NBCSportsreportedthatsomerunnerskeptrunningallthewaytothehospitaltodonatebloodforthevictims.Nottrue.Thereareplentyofwebsitesdevotedtoexposingfalsenewsstories.TheWashingtonPostalsohasaFactCheckercolumnthatdeliversclaimsmadebypublicofficialsandpoliticians.Visitthemtofindoutifastoryistrue.Keepitage-appropriate.Kidsaren'talwaysreadytodigestbigtragicnews--especiallyifthenewsisaboutkids,suchasschoolshootingsorabuses.Theconstantrepetitionofinformationcanbeconfusingforyoungerkids,andatthebeginningofanewsevent,parentsmightnotbeabletoofferanycorrectanswers.40A.Remember,breakingnewsisoftenwrong.B.Italsocanbethesourceofmisinformation.C.Ifsomethingsoundstoogoodtobetrue,itprobablyis.D.Thegovernmentshouldtakemeasurestopreventfalsenews.E.However,afterthatitjustbecomesmessyandlargelyinaccurate.F.Withsocialmediaatyourfingertips,it'sconvenienttoexpressyouropinion.G.Kidswhoareeagertolearnmoreaboutcertaineventscancheckkid-guidednewssources.完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。AcoldMarchwinddancedaroundinthedeadofnightinDallasasthedoctorwalkedintothesmallhospitalroom.Complications(并發(fā)癥）had41DianaBlessing,only24weekspregnant(懷孕的），toearlygivebirthtoherbaby,Danae.Aftertheoperation,herhusbandDavidwasholdingherhandandtheyhad42themselvesforthedoctor'swords.Thedoctor'swords43themeventhoughtheyhadplannedforsomethingnotgoodDetore."Idon'tthinkshe'sgoingto44it,"hesaid,askindlyashecould."Ifwitha(n)45chanceshedoesmakeit.herlifeinthefuturecouldbe_46byendlesssuffering"DavidandDianawerenumb(麻木的）withdisbeliefasthedoctordescribedthe47problemsDanaewouldlikelyfaceifshecould48."No!No!wasallDianacouldsay.Dianahad49confidencethattheirtinydaughterwouldlivetobeahealthy.andhappy.ButDavid.50listeningtoadditionalawfuldetails,knewhemust51hiswifebereadyfortheworstoutcome.Davidwalkedinandsaid,weneedtotalkaboutmaking52forthefuneral(葬禮）”Wordsof53didn'tpassherlips.“No,thatisnotgoingtohappen.Onedayshewill54andshewillcomehomewithus!"Dianasaid.Ifshewilledherselftolive,accordingtoDiana'swish,Danae_55lifehourafterhour.withthehelpofeverymedicalmachine.Astheweekswentby,Danae'sphysicalconditionshowedaslight56