Unit 1 Our living planet 知識(shí)點(diǎn)教案-高中英語(yǔ)牛津譯林版(2020)選修第一冊(cè)

選修一Unit1Ourlivingplanet知識(shí)點(diǎn)教案Teachingobjectives1.知識(shí)目標(biāo)：學(xué)生能夠掌握本單元詞匯的基本含義2.技能目標(biāo)：學(xué)生能夠掌握本單元詞匯的基本運(yùn)用3.情感目標(biāo)：學(xué)生能夠更有信心學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)Keypoints,Difficultpoints1.掌握本單元詞匯的基本含義2.掌握本單元詞匯的基本含義Teachingprocedures：I.單詞和短語(yǔ)英漢互譯1._____n.空間探測(cè)器，探索，探究，探針vt.&vi.調(diào)查，探究2._____adj.地質(zhì)學(xué)的，地質(zhì)的3._____adj.地理的，地理學(xué)的4._____n.氣象學(xué)5._____n.形成，形成物，組成物，構(gòu)成物，隊(duì)形，編隊(duì)，構(gòu)造，地層6._____adj.海洋的，海上的，海產(chǎn)的，海運(yùn)的，航海的，海事的，海上貿(mào)易的7._____n.生物，有機(jī)體，機(jī)體，有機(jī)組織，微生物，組織8._____n.濾器，過(guò)濾器，濾色器，濾光器，濾聲器9._____vt.捕獲，俘獲，用武力占領(lǐng)，奪取，獲取，奪得，斬獲，贏得10._____adj.后彎的，向后彎曲的，倒鉤的11._____n.繁殖，生殖，復(fù)制，聲音的錄制，藝術(shù)品的復(fù)制品，再現(xiàn)，再造12._____n.朋友，伙伴，哥們，伙伴，配偶，交配對(duì)象，商船上的大副13._____n.蝦，類(lèi)蝦甲殼動(dòng)物vi.釣蝦14._____adj.熱液作用的，熱水作用的，熱液的15._____adj.水下使用的，可水下航行的，可潛水的n.潛水器16._____n.紗，紗線(xiàn)，毛線(xiàn)vi.編、講故事，胡謅17._____adj.潮汐的，

潮的，潮水似的18._____adj.引力的，重力引起的，重力的19._____n.人行道，石板鋪的地面，路面20._____n.窄縫，縫隙，裂痕，爆裂聲vi.&vt.裂開(kāi)，破裂，發(fā)出爆裂聲21._____n.地幔，覆蓋層，覆蓋物vt.覆蓋22._____n.地質(zhì)學(xué)，地質(zhì)特征，地質(zhì)情況23._____adj.有啟迪作用的，讓人受啟發(fā)的，有啟迪的，使人感悟的24._____adj.內(nèi)心深處的，最里面的，最深處的，最靠近中心的25._____n.無(wú)花果樹(shù)，無(wú)花果，無(wú)花果狀植物26._____n.蜃景，海市蜃樓，幻象，幻想27._____adj.光的，光學(xué)的，視力的，視覺(jué)的，有助于視力的28.inthetwilight________29.Darwin’stheoryof

evolution________30.captureone’sattention________31.inequalmeasure___________32.scarceresources________33.thermal

underwear________34.pavethewayfor…=laythefoundationfor…__________35.leapyear_______36.therotationoftheearthuponits

axis________37.laydown________38.asyet________39.closeup________40.sparenoeffortinsth_______41.sparenoefforttodosth__________42.Itiswidelyacceptedthat…__________43.cast/throw/shedlighton…___________44.nottoworry___________II.詞匯運(yùn)用1.proben.空間探測(cè)器，探索，探究，探針vt.&vi.調(diào)查，探究，用探針等儀器探查InformationaboutVenusobtainedbyRussianprobeshasbeenpublishedonsomemagazines.Theylaunchedaprobeintothedisappearanceofgovernmentfunds.Theimagesentbackbytheprobeisveryclear.Thebrainsurgeonaskedthenursetopasshimaprobe.(腦外科醫(yī)生要護(hù)士將探針遞給他。)Thedoctorwillprobeyourstomachwithacamera.Icouldnotprobeintothemysteryofhisspeech.Thejournalistwasprobingintoseveralfinancialscandals.

Usinga

probe,thedoctorremovedtheglassfromthewound.(醫(yī)生用探針將傷口中的玻璃取了出來(lái)。)Acommitteehasbeensetupto

probe

theparty’selectoralpractices.2.geological/geologicadj.地質(zhì)學(xué)的，地質(zhì)的the

geological

featuresofthedesert這片沙漠的地質(zhì)特征alengthy

geological

survey一次漫長(zhǎng)的地質(zhì)勘察Theactualgeologicalexamplesshowthatthemethodiseffective.GeologicalenthusiastscouldalsofollowavolcanictrailthroughCentralAmerica.Hewasavisitingprofessorof

geology

attheUniversityofBeijing.They’restudyingthevegetationand

geology

ofthearea.(他們正在研究這個(gè)地區(qū)的植被和地質(zhì)情況。)3.geographic/geographicaladj.地理的，地理學(xué)的Thecity’ssuccessowesmuchtoits

geographic

position.Inthewesternprovincestherearedifferent

geographic

formations.EachpointonEarthisspecifiedby

geographic

latitudeandlongitude.4.meteorologicaladj.氣象的adverse

meteorological

conditions不利的氣象條件Unitsandindividualsthatmakeoutstandingcontributionsin

meteorological

workshallberewarded.Therewere256

meteorological

observatorieswithradarinstallationsand356satellitecloudmapreceivingstations.Floodandtyphoonskilled2000peoplelastyear,accordingtotheChinaMeteorologicalAdministration.Whenitcomestometeorology,I’mjustalayman.(談到氣象學(xué)，我只是個(gè)門(mén)外漢。)Meteorologistshavepredictedmildrainsforthenextfewdays.5.formationn.形成，形成物，組成物，構(gòu)成物，隊(duì)形，編隊(duì)，構(gòu)造，地層unusualgeologicalformations不同尋常的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造Letusnowexaminetheprocessofitsformation.Schoollifehasagreatinfluenceontheformationofachild’scharacter.Thetroopslinedupinparadeformation.Thewarshipisusuallyatthefrontofthewholeformation.(戰(zhàn)斗艦常在整個(gè)編隊(duì)的前列。)Thenamewaschangedtwoyearsaftertheclub’s

formation.Thedancersstepintoa

formation

whichrepresentsthehumanbeing.Cloudsareformationsoftinydropsofwaterinthesky.

Hewasflyinginformationwithsevenotherjets.MinisterofHealthChenZhuaddressedthefoundingceremony,callingthecenter’sformationakeystepforChinainguardingfoodsafety.Thereareseveralkindsofcloud

formation.(

云層結(jié)構(gòu)有好幾種。)6.marineadj.海洋的，海上的，海產(chǎn)的，海運(yùn)的，航海的，海事的，海上貿(mào)易的n.海運(yùn)業(yè)，船運(yùn)，海軍士兵，水兵，海濱風(fēng)景畫(huà)marine

insuranceclaims海事保險(xiǎn)索賠marinecourt海事法庭marineenvironment

海洋環(huán)境Difficultasitmaybetobelieve,Iwasa

marine.Marine

insuranceisgovernedbyastrictseriesofrulesandregulations.(海上保險(xiǎn)受到一系列法律法規(guī)的嚴(yán)格限制。)Hisfatherisamarinebiologist.Waterpollutionimperilsallkindsofmarinelife.Heworksforthemarinecourt.Therocksarecoveredbymarineplants.Theriskofbreakageiscoveredbymarineinsurance,isn’tit?(破碎險(xiǎn)是包括在海洋運(yùn)輸貨物險(xiǎn)之內(nèi)的，對(duì)嗎？)AsmallnumberofMarineswerewounded.(幾名海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊(duì)士兵受了傷。)Marine

mammals

generally

swim

withthecurrent.One

lesson

is

to

avoid

unbalancing

the

marine

environment.

Asthebasin

was

refilled,

normal

marine

organisms

returned.

The

new

marine

reserve,

nowthe

largest

in

thePacific,will

permit

no

fishing

or

mining.

7.imperilvt.使陷入危險(xiǎn)，危及AvictoryforAllendewouldimperilourinterestsintheWesternHemisphere.Thesecurityofthecountryhadbeenimperiled.You

imperiled

thelivesofotherroadusersbyyourdriving.Attacksonnetworkincreaserapidlyintherecentyearsand

imperil

thesecurityofnetwork.Violenceandmilitaryattackswill

imperil

anismn.生物，有機(jī)體，機(jī)體，有機(jī)組織，微生物，組織Germsmayinvadetheorganism.Thebusinessisalarge,complicatedorganism.Thehuman

organism

learnspartlybynature,partlybynurture.(人類(lèi)機(jī)體的學(xué)習(xí)能力部分是天生的，部分是后天培養(yǎng)的。)Anorganismadaptsbestwhenstressesareslightlyincreased.Notallchemicalsnormallypresentinliving

organisms

areharmless.Thecompletesetofgenesforan

organism

iscalleditsgenome.Howdoesenergyflowfromone

organism

toanother?Abacteriumisaverysmall

organism

madeupofonecell.9.twilightn.微光，暮色，黃昏，衰落期，沒(méi)落期，暮年期adj.黃昏的，衰落的，模糊的inthetwilight在暮色中Theyreturnedat

twilight.Hewasbroughtupinthe

twilight

yearsoftheAustro-HungarianEmpire.Sheoftensitsinthegardenattwilight.Readinginthetwilightisbadfortheeyes.Wrestlingisinatwilightzonebetweensportandentertainment.(摔跤是介於運(yùn)動(dòng)和娛樂(lè)兩者之間的活動(dòng)。)Theoldmanisinthetwilightofhiscareer.twilight,dusk,evening,dark這組詞都有“傍晚”、“黃昏”的意思。其區(qū)別是：evening指人們傍晚下班后至就寢前的一段時(shí)間，也可指晚會(huì)。twilight指晝夜交替、光明與黑暗互相滲透的時(shí)刻，即黃昏，主要指黃昏日落之時(shí)。dusk專(zhuān)指接近夜晚的黃昏暮色蒼茫的時(shí)刻。dark作名詞時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞，表示“傍晚”時(shí)，其前不能加冠詞，與dusk意思差不多；表示“黑暗、無(wú)光”時(shí)，通常其前加the；inthe

dark有兩種意思：“在黑暗中”，“不知、蒙在鼓里”。10.filtern.濾器，過(guò)濾器，濾色器，濾光器，濾聲器，過(guò)濾/篩選程序vt.過(guò)濾，用程序篩選filterfeeders濾食性動(dòng)物filterinto…滲入……filterout濾出filterthrough…濾過(guò)……，透過(guò)……Weusuallyclearthewaterwithafilter.Youcanalsofiltertofocusonspecificareas.Ayellowfilterisplacedinfrontofthecameralenstoassurethatnobluelightwillbeimaged.Itwon’ttakelongtofilterthecoffee.Wemustfilteroutthedirt.Thesunlightfilteredthroughthecurtains.(陽(yáng)光透過(guò)窗簾映了進(jìn)來(lái)。)Theenginebreathesthroughthisair

filter.Apaleblue

filter

gavethecorrectcolorbalance.evolvevi.&vt.進(jìn)化，演化，逐步發(fā)展，演變，使逐步發(fā)展，使演變Darwin’stheoryof

evolution達(dá)爾文的進(jìn)化論HowdidGiotto

evolve

thisverypersonalstyle?Speciesdifferentiateasthey

evolve.Hehasevolvedanewtheoryaftermanyyearsofresearch.(他經(jīng)過(guò)多年的研究，逐漸總結(jié)出了新的理論。)Whydidhumansevolvetowalkupright?ManyVictorianswereshockedbythenotionthatManhadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife.Thecompanyhas

evolved

intoamajorchemicalmanufacturer.Maize

evolved

fromawildgrassinMexico.Occupationalsecuritymust

evolve

withChina'seconomicreforms.Within30years,humanscouldbedebatingwhethertotakechargeoftheirownevolution.Ourwatchwordis:‘Evolution,notrevolution’.(我們的口號(hào)是:“要循序漸進(jìn),不要?jiǎng)×易兏铩薄?

Humanbeingsarenotsomecasualandmeaninglessproductof

evolution.development，evolution都有“發(fā)展”或“進(jìn)化”之意。development強(qiáng)調(diào)通過(guò)一系列自然過(guò)程或人工方法使某物潛在或隱藏的可能性顯露出來(lái)，得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。evolution側(cè)重指事物由簡(jiǎn)到繁，由低級(jí)到高級(jí)的連續(xù)發(fā)展，強(qiáng)調(diào)變化或演變。11.notionn.觀念，見(jiàn)解，看法，念頭Heseemstohavetakena

notion

tobecomingajournalist.The

notion

wasdiscussedprivatelybetweenthetwomenatlunch.12.capturevt.捕獲，俘獲，用武力占領(lǐng)，奪取，獲取，奪得，斬獲，贏得n.被捕獲，被抓獲，俘虜，捕獲物，戰(zhàn)利品，奪取，占領(lǐng)，攻占tocapturesb’sheart擄獲某人的心，博得某人的心SwansonpersuadedHubleytoworkundercoverto

capture

thekiller.(斯萬(wàn)森勸說(shuō)赫布利做臥底以逮捕兇手。)captureone’sattention引起某人的關(guān)注Theanimalsarecapturedinnetsandsoldtolocalzoos.Rebelforcesfinallycapturedthevillage.ThecompanylooksforwardtocapturingtheCanadianmarket.Thenovelcapturedtheimaginationofthousandsofreaders.Hecapturedababy’ssmileinhisphotograph.(他拍攝到一個(gè)嬰兒的微笑。)Theguerrillasshotdownoneaeroplaneandcapturedthepilot.Theincidentwascapturedonvideotape.(這一事件被拍攝下來(lái)。)TheimageswerecapturedbyTVcrewsfilmingoutsidethebase.(這些鏡頭被正在基地外拍攝的電視臺(tái)工作人員捕捉到了。)We

wantto

capture

these

individual

stories

ofthe

workerswho

still

live

there.

Today’s

collection

provides

some

amazing

examples

of

stormy

photography

which

can

be

very

difficultto

capture.

13.backward-curvingadj.后彎的，向后彎曲的，倒鉤的backward-curvinghorns后彎的角Oncethesefisharecaptured,thehunters’back-curvingteethpreventthemfromgettingaway.14.inequalmeasure在同樣程度上Evolution,itseems,helpsboththehunterandthehuntedinequalmeasure.Westernerslookat

the

eyes

and

the

mouth

in

equal

measure,

whereas

Easterners

favor

theeyes

and

neglect

themouth.

They’ve

designed

an

‘invisible’

bridge

that’s

spectacular

and

scary

in

equal

measure.

Thegreatestmathematicians,as

Archimedes,

Newton

and

Gauss,alwaysunitedtheoryandapplicationin

equal

measure.

(如阿基米德、牛頓與高斯這樣的最偉大的數(shù)學(xué)家，總是不偏不倚地把理論與應(yīng)用結(jié)合起來(lái)。)These

havewon

praise

and

condemnation

in

roughly

equal

measure.15.solelyadv.單獨(dú)地，唯一地，僅僅，只是，完全地，全部地Womenaresometimesdeniedopportunities

solely

becauseoftheirgender.Weshouldnotjudgeeducation

solely

onexaminationresults.Wedepend

solely

uponourvoluntaryhelpers.Heoftenwentoutsolelyatnight.Youaresolelyresponsibleforthejob.Ididitsolelyforhissake.16.reproductionn.繁殖，生殖，復(fù)制，聲音的錄制，藝術(shù)品的復(fù)制品，再現(xiàn)，再造Herdescriptionofthemeetingisanexactreproductionofthereunion.(她對(duì)會(huì)面的描述是這次團(tuán)聚的真實(shí)再現(xiàn)。)Thequalityofreproductionisn’tverygoodonthisrecording.Wehavebeenabletodivorcesexfrom

reproduction.(我們已經(jīng)能夠?qū)⑿院蜕耆珠_(kāi)了。)Thecraftsmenhaveensuredfaithful

reproduction

oftheoriginalpainting.(工匠保證要復(fù)制一幅最接近原作的畫(huà)。)Inhuman

reproduction,onefemaleeggisusuallyfertilizedbyonesperm.copy，duplicate，model，reproduction，facsimile均有“復(fù)制品”之意。copy普通用詞，含義廣泛，指精確的或不精確的復(fù)制品。duplicate常指完全一模一樣，可代替原件的復(fù)制品。model可指按某物式樣制造、按比例縮小的模型，也可指某物未制成之前做出的模型。reproduction指按原物復(fù)制的產(chǎn)品，著重復(fù)制品與原物相似。facsimile含義與copy大體相同，但較文雅。17.scarceadj.缺乏的，稀少的scarceresources稀缺資源Warmthis

scarce,andfoodisabsent.(溫暖不保，食物缺乏。)Jobsare

scarce

thesedays.Thepriceoffoodhasrisenandimportedgoodsare

scarce.Freshfoodisso

scarce

thatpriceshaverocketed.Foodandfuelwerescarceinthisregion.Foodcommandsahigherpricewhenitisscarce.(食物供應(yīng)不足時(shí)，售價(jià)較高。)Goodfruitisscarceinwinterandcostsalot.Wescarcelyeverusedthereservegenerator.(我們幾乎從未用過(guò)這臺(tái)備用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī))Scarcelyhadhearrivedwhenhehadtoleaveagain.Theycouldscarcelycomplainaftersuchgoodtreatment.scarce,rare都可表示“不可多得的”。scarce指暫時(shí)不可多得無(wú)珍貴的含意，有“物以稀為貴”之意；rare強(qiáng)調(diào)稀有、珍貴。18.maten.朋友，伙伴，哥們，伙伴，配偶，交配對(duì)象，商船上的大副vi.交配，結(jié)婚，結(jié)為伉儷vt.使交配，使成配偶Ithoughtshewasanidealmate.(我認(rèn)為她是我的理想配偶。)WhoisyourbestmateatLiverpool?Icamewithmyoffice-mate.Hematedwordswithdeeds.It’shightimetomatethedoves.Manyanimalsmateinthespring.19.shrimpn.蝦，類(lèi)蝦甲殼動(dòng)物vi.釣蝦Whenthe

shrimp

farmisbuiltitwillblockthestream.Atanasordereda

shrimp

cocktailandasalad.Shrimp/Shrimps

areraisedinlonguniformponds,frozeninthenearbypackingplantandshippednorth.Youcancatchoverahundredpoundsofshrimp.Theywillgoshrimpingthisafternoon.(今天下午他們?nèi)メ炍r。)20.hydrothermaladj.熱液作用的，熱水作用的，熱液的hydrothermalvent海底熱水流火山口hydrothermalventfield熱液活動(dòng)區(qū)Mineralizedhydrothermalwatermainlyoriginatedfromtheatmosphericrainfall.(礦熱液的水主要來(lái)自大氣降水。)Itallbeganin1977withtheexplorationof

hydrothermal

ventsontheoceanfloor.(一切始于1977年的一次海底上深海熱泉的探索。)21.ventn.(煙霧、液體等進(jìn)出的)孔、口，排放口，地殼裂口，發(fā)泄vt.發(fā)泄，為……開(kāi)排放口Leavea

vent

opentoletsomemoistairescape.Thesteamfoundaventthroughacrackinthepipe.(蒸氣從管子的裂縫漏出去。)Theventisnotbigenoughtogetthesmokeout.Theexplosioncrackstheearth'ssurfaceandscattersashandhugechunksofrockformanykilometersaroundthevent.Shegaveventtoherindignationinafieryspeech.(她在一篇激烈的演說(shuō)中發(fā)泄怒氣。)Ilookdownonapersonwhoventshisangeronhisfamilyafterhavingabaddayatwork.22.fluidn.液體，流體adj.

流動(dòng)的，流暢的，不定的，流利的，流暢優(yōu)美的There’ssomesortofstickyfluidonthekitchenfloor.Airisafluidbutnotaliquid,whilewaterisbothafluidandaliquid.Wehavenotenoughfluidcapital.Theprofessorpraisedherfluidstyleinthecomposition.Britainisnotatrulyfluidsociety.(英國(guó)不是一個(gè)真正多變的社會(huì)。)23.thermaladj.熱的，熱量的，溫的，保暖的，熱量的，保熱的，防寒的n.上升的熱氣流thermal

underwear保暖內(nèi)衣Thethermalenergyhasbecomemoreandmoreimportant.Thesearethermalunits.(這些是熱量單位。)Mymotherhasboughtthethermalunderwearforme.Whileflying,youfeelaweakthermal.24.awaitvt.等候，期待，將降臨于Weawaityourshippinginstructions.(我們等候你們的裝船指示。)Iamawaitingtheirreply.Weeagerlyawaityourearlyarrival.Awarmwelcomeawaitsyou.(你將受到熱烈的歡迎。)Ishallawaithearingfromyou.=Ishallwaittohearfromyou.25.submersible=submergibleadj.水下使用的，可水下航行的，可潛水的n.潛水器，可潛船Submersiblepumpsareatworkunderwater.(潛水電泵是在水下工作的。)InJune2012,China’sfirstdeep-seamannedsubmersible,Jiaolong,setaworlddivingrecordforsubmersiblesofitskind.26.pavevt.鋪，鋪砌，鋪路，鋪設(shè)，鋪滿(mǎn)pavethewayfor…為……鋪平道路、創(chuàng)造條件=laythefoundationfor…為……奠定基礎(chǔ)Theroadwaspavedwithcobblestones.ThetowncouncildecidedtopavethesquarebeforetheHall.Ourgardeniswellpavedwithflowers.(我們的園子里鮮花遍地。)Theireconomicpolicypavethewayforindustrialexpansion.27.leapn.跳躍，驟變，激增，劇增vt.&vi.躍過(guò)，跳過(guò)，跳，跳躍，飛騰，突然做某事leapyear閏年Thethiefleapedthewallandranaway.Hisnameleaptoutatmefromthenewspaper.(報(bào)紙上他的名字一下子跳入我的眼簾。)Hegotoverthestreamwithasingleleap.Thesharepriceislikelyto

leap

upwards.Theysawthedriver

leap

theroadsidewall.28.spinvi.&vt.旋轉(zhuǎn)，紡線(xiàn)，使旋轉(zhuǎn)，使甩干，使脫水，將……紡成線(xiàn)，把……抽成絲，吐絲結(jié)網(wǎng)、繭），眩暈n.高速旋轉(zhuǎn)，旋轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)作，脫水，眩暈togivesthaspin旋轉(zhuǎn)一下某物，嘗試某事along/shortspin長(zhǎng)/短時(shí)間脫水togoforaspin出去兜風(fēng)onthespin相繼，接連tospinyourwheels白費(fèi)勁，勞而無(wú)功Thewheels

spin

andthecargoesnowhere.Allthosefiguresmakemypoorhead

spin.(所有這些數(shù)字弄得我頭昏腦脹。)Inthedazzleof10,000lights,performersdanceand

spin.(萬(wàn)盞耀目燈光下，演員們旋轉(zhuǎn)起舞。)Itallrestsonthe

spin

ofthecoin.(這完全取決于拋擲硬幣的結(jié)果。)Mysistercanspinonhertoeslikeadancer.Inspring,theyspintheircocoons.Let’sgoforaspininmynewcar.I’vebeeninarealspinallmorning.(我整個(gè)上午都暈頭轉(zhuǎn)向的。)Motherusedtospinherownyarn.29.yarnn.紗，紗線(xiàn)，毛線(xiàn)vi.編、講故事，胡謅Shestillspinsthe

yarn

herself.Woolfiberscanbespunintoyarn.Thetailorwasballingtheyarn.(裁縫正在把線(xiàn)纏成線(xiàn)團(tuán)。)Westayedupyarninguntilmidnight.(我們講故事一直講到半夜才睡。)Theoldmarinerlikedtoyarnabouthisseaadventures.30.axis(pl.axes)n.旋轉(zhuǎn)軸，中軸，坐標(biāo)軸，對(duì)稱(chēng)中心線(xiàn)，(國(guó)與國(guó)之間的聯(lián)盟)軸心國(guó)theearth’saxis地軸therotationoftheearthuponits

axis地球的繞軸自轉(zhuǎn)TheEarthspinsonitsown

axis.TemperatureisontheY

axis.(Y軸代表溫度。)Theearthturns/rotatesonitsaxisonceevery24hours.Theearth’saxisisthelinebetweentheNorthandSouthPoles.Theaxisofacircleisitsdiameter.31.tidaladj.潮汐的，

潮的，潮水似的Thefloodoflettershithimwiththeforceofatidalwave.(信件如潮水般向他涌來(lái)。)Amassive

tidal

waveswepttheshipupandaway.(一股巨大的潮波把那艘船掀起來(lái)卷走了。)The

tidal

streamgraduallydecreasesintheshallows.

A

tidal

wavecausedcatastrophicdamagetothecoast.32.laydown放下，積存，停止使用，擱置，規(guī)定，制定Theenemywerecompelledto

laydown

theirarms.Tidalrecordslaiddowninancientrivermouthsrevealdifferentlengthsofdaysandyearsinthepast.Ithasbeenlaiddownthatallemployeesmustsubmittheirreportsbytheendofthemonth.33.rotationn.旋轉(zhuǎn)的一周，一圈，旋轉(zhuǎn)，行星等的自轉(zhuǎn)，自轉(zhuǎn)的一周，一圈，輪種the

rotation

oftheearthuponitsaxis地球的繞軸自轉(zhuǎn)Therotationoftheearthroundthesuntakesoneyear.Theseasonsfolloweachotherinrotation.(四季循環(huán)交替。)Therotationofcropskeepsthesoilhealthyandfertile.Thechairmanshipofthecommitteechangesinrotation.(委員會(huì)主席一職是輪流擔(dān)任的。)Gently

rotate

yourhips.Rotate

theheadclockwiseandcounterclockwise.(先按順時(shí)針然后按逆時(shí)針?lè)较蜣D(zhuǎn)動(dòng)頭部。)Thepostofchairmanrotatesamongmembersofthecommittee.Herotatesthehandlegently.Doestheearthrotateonanaxis?34.gravitationaladj.引力的，重力引起的，重力的Theyarelikelysourcesofgravitationalwaves.Propertiesofspacemustdependonthegravitationalpotential.(

空間性質(zhì)一定與引力勢(shì)有關(guān)。)The

gravitational

pulloftheearthattractsobjectstoit.Ifaspacecrafttravelsfasterthan11kmasecond,itescapestheearth’s

gravitational

pull.Aneutronstarhasa

gravitational

fieldstrongenoughtogenerateX-rays.(中子星強(qiáng)大的重力場(chǎng)足以產(chǎn)生X射線(xiàn)。)35.altervt.&vi.使改變，使改動(dòng)，使改換，使修改，更改，改變，改動(dòng)，改換，修改，更改更合身地改做衣服等Butnothingcanalterthefacts.Everybody’scircumstances

alter

overtime.Thatdoesn’t

alter

myfeelingstowardshim.Nothinghisfriendsmightsaycould

alter

thefactthathehadfailed.Ifyournewcoatistoolarge,atailorcan

alter

ittofityou.

To

alter

theshapeofbypressureorstress.(通過(guò)壓力使變形。)36.pavementn.人行道，石板鋪的地面，路面The

pavement’sslippery.Hewashurryingalongthe

pavement.Sheisapavementsweeper.Touristscrowdedthepavement.(游客把人行道擠得水泄不通。)path，road，way，street，highway，avenue，motorway，route，lane，pavement，trail均有“路”之意。path多指由人或動(dòng)物在田間、小丘或樹(shù)叢中經(jīng)常走動(dòng)而踩出的小路，也指公園或花園等供人走的小徑。road指連接兩地間供行人或車(chē)輛使用的廣闊平坦的大道，多指公路，也可用于引申意義。way普通用詞，含義廣泛，可指各種路、道或通道，也可指抽象的道路。street尤指城市中的道路，往往一側(cè)或兩側(cè)有高大建筑物。highway通常指市區(qū)外可以通行各種機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)輛的交通干線(xiàn)。avenue在美國(guó)，指城市中一側(cè)或兩側(cè)建筑物林立的大道或馬路；而在英國(guó)則常指通往鄉(xiāng)村大住宅、私人大莊園或兩旁栽樹(shù)的道路。motorway高速公路，特指為車(chē)輛快速通行而修的專(zhuān)線(xiàn)，美語(yǔ)為freeway或expressway。route指從此處通往彼處的路線(xiàn)等。lane指農(nóng)村或城鎮(zhèn)的小道或小徑，也指車(chē)道和小巷。pavement在英國(guó)多指街道兩旁的人行道，而美國(guó)人常用sidewalk表示人行道。trail指人或獸在森林、荒野或山中踩出的小徑或崎嶇小道。37.crackn.窄縫，縫隙，裂痕，爆裂聲vi.&vt.裂開(kāi)，破裂，發(fā)出爆裂聲，發(fā)出噼啪聲，使破裂，使斷裂，使裂開(kāi)，使發(fā)出爆裂聲toopensthacrack把某物微微打開(kāi)一點(diǎn)thecrackofawhip鞭子的噼啪聲tocrackundersth屈服于某事物tocrackit成功，達(dá)到目的tocrackasmile綻出微笑Theglasswillcrackifyoupourboilingwaterintoit.Youmaycrackthesenutswithahammer.Icrackedtwoeggsintothefryingpan.Thundercrackedoverhead.Dadfellandcrackedhisheadagainstthedoor.(爸爸摔倒了，頭重重地撞在門(mén)上。)Hisvoicecrackedwithemotion.(由于激動(dòng)，他的聲音變得嘶啞。)Anyonecancrackunderpressure.(任何人在壓力之下都會(huì)崩潰。)Policearecrackingdownondrugdealers.(警方現(xiàn)對(duì)販毒分子嚴(yán)懲不貸。)Thereisacrackinthiswindow.Theywormedtheirwayoutthroughthecrackinthewall.(他們好不容易才從墻上的裂縫處爬了出來(lái)。)Afteronlyayear,cracksstartedtoappearintheirmarriage.(僅一年后，他們的婚姻就開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)裂痕。)Thebranchbrokewithasharpcrack.(樹(shù)枝折斷時(shí)發(fā)出刺耳的劈啪聲。)Hewasstruckwithasmartcrackonthehead.(他頭上突然被猛擊了一下。)Kathrynhadseenhimthrougha

crack

inthecurtains.Crack

theeggsintoabowl.38.mantlen.地幔，覆蓋層，覆蓋物vt.覆蓋totakeonthemantleof…繼承……的衣缽，承擔(dān)……的責(zé)任Themountainwascoveredwithamantleofsnow.(山上覆蓋著一層雪。)Theearthhasacoreandamantlearoundit.(地球的中心是地核，地核的周?chē)堑蒯！?Snowmantledthehills.Thewholecityisinamantleofdensemist.Herfacewasmantledinjoy.(她的臉快樂(lè)得通紅。)39.asyet直到現(xiàn)在，到目前為止Asyet,nomanhassetfootonMars.Asyetlittlewasknownofthecausesofthedisease.Scientistshavedrilledverydeepholesbutnoneofthemhavereachedthemantleasyet.40.closeup暫時(shí)關(guān)閉，使靠近，使變窄狹，愈合Thewoundinhisarmhasbegunto

closeup.(他手膀上的傷口開(kāi)始收口了。)Sorry,madam,weare

closingup

forlunch.(很抱歉，小姐，我們現(xiàn)在要關(guān)門(mén)吃午飯。)Getreadyto

closeup.It’salreadythree.Theofficerorderedthemento

closeup.(軍官命令士兵靠攏。)Hiswoundclosedupafteraweek.(他的傷口一周后愈合了。)41.geologyn.地質(zhì)學(xué)，地質(zhì)特征，地質(zhì)情況Iknownothingaboutgeology.Geologyisthescienceoftheearth’shistory.Thestudentswenttostudythegeologyofthatregion.(學(xué)生們?nèi)パ芯磕莻€(gè)地區(qū)的地質(zhì)情況。)Mineralogyisabrandofthegreatearthsciencegeology.They'restudyingthevegetationand

geology

ofthearea.(他們正在研究這個(gè)地區(qū)的植被和地質(zhì)情況。)42.minen.礦，礦井，礦藏，地雷pron.我的vt.開(kāi)采，采掘vi.開(kāi)礦，采礦ofmine我的tominespforsth在某地開(kāi)采某物

tomineforsth開(kāi)采某物Heisadistantcousinofmine.Theminewasclosedowingtoexhaustion.Theship’sbowwasblownoffbyamine.(船頭給一枚水雷炸掉了。)Agoodencyclopediaisamineofinformation.(一部好的百科全書(shū)是一座知識(shí)寶庫(kù)。)Peoplestillmineforcoalinthisarea.Thecoastalroutehadbeen

mined.(沿海道路上布了地雷。)43.thrivevi.興隆，興旺，繁榮，蓬勃發(fā)展，茁壯成長(zhǎng)tobethriving正茁壯成長(zhǎng)Hiscompanycontinuesto

thrive.Thetropicalplants

thrivedwellunderourcare.Abusinesscannotthrivewithoutgoodmanagement.Mayourcountryprosperandthriveforever!Fewplantsoranimalsthriveinthedesert.Childrenthriveonfreshairandgoodfood.(兒童的健康成長(zhǎng)需要有新鮮的空氣和富有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的食物。)44.enlighteningadj.有啟迪作用的，讓人受啟發(fā)的，有啟迪的，使人感悟的Hiscampaignhadbeenan

enlightening

experience,heclaimed.Shewasanxioustoenlightenmeabouttheeventsthatledtothedispute.(她急著要使我明白引起這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)執(zhí)的那些事情。)It

isenlightening

forteachers’professionaldevelopmentandeducationalscientificresearchesinChina.45.crustn.面包皮，地殼，外殼，堅(jiān)硬的外殼Thecrustonthesnowwasthickenoughforustowalkonit.Thecrustofthebreadisburnt.Pleasecutthebreadintoslicesandremovethecrust.Earthquakescanresultfromstressesintheearth's

crust.Themostancientpartsofthecontinental

crust

are4000millionyearsold.Asthewaterevaporates,a

crust

ofsaltisleftonthesurfaceofthesoil.46.innermostadj.內(nèi)心深處的，最里面的，最深處的，最靠近中心的Sheencourageshertoexpressherinnermostfeelings.Icouldnotexpressmyinnermostfeelingstoanyone.Thereisagroupofmonkeysintheinnermostdepthsoftheforest.Sheputthereceiptintothe

innermost

pocketofherbag.Shesharedsomeofher

innermost

secretswithhim.47.fign.無(wú)花果樹(shù)，無(wú)花果，無(wú)花果狀植物Abeautiful

fig

treethathadstoodintheiryardwasleaflessandbarren.Themostbeautifulfigmaycontainaworm.48.miragen.蜃景，海市蜃樓，幻象，幻想Ithoveredbeforehiseyeslikethe

mirage

ofanoasis.Hisideaoflovewasa

mirage.A

mirage

isanopticalillusionfoundedonwavesofheat.(海市蜃樓是由大氣熱浪潮產(chǎn)生的一種光學(xué)幻覺(jué)。)Oh,becoolaboutit.Itisjusta

mirage.(不要那么激動(dòng),只不過(guò)是海市蜃樓而已。)Ifyouareluckyenough,youmaybeabletoseea

mirage

from