高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：虛擬語(yǔ)氣課件

MOOD

Indicative,Imperative,Subjunctive

陳述，祈使，虛擬Whatismood?LIFEDEFINITIONHowyouarefeelingatagiventimeLITERATUREDEFINITIONThereader’semotionalresponseTheatmosphereofastory“Mood”inGrammarDEFINITION:TheformaverbtakestoindicatetheATTITUDEofthepersonusingtheverb.Tense,Voice,MoodTENSE（時(shí)態(tài)）–showstime(past,present,future)VOICE（語(yǔ)態(tài)）–showswho’sdoinganactionorhavingactiondonetothem（被動(dòng)、主動(dòng)）MOOD（語(yǔ)氣）–showsattitude(tellingafact,givingacommand,expressingawish)IndicativeMood

陳述語(yǔ)氣Expressafact,event,opinion,orquestionItiscoldtoday.IthinkIamgoingtopassout.Canwepleaseturntheheatdown?Writeonesentenceinindicativemood.ImperativeMood

祈使語(yǔ)氣DirectcommandorrequestShowmethemoney.Nowgivemethemoney.Don’tcallthepolice.DONOTCALLTHEPOLICEWriteonesentenceinIMPERATIVEmood.SubjunctiveMood

虛擬語(yǔ)氣isusedincomplexsentencestoexpresshypotheticalsituations(thingsthatmayormaynotberealorfactual)orsituations

towardwhichthespeakerisexpressingfeelingsorattitude.SubjunctiveMood

虛擬語(yǔ)氣PRESENTSUBJUNCTIVE:Toexpressasuggestion,anecessity,oranindirect

command/order（建議、委婉的要求、請(qǐng)求）PASTSUBJUNCTIVE:Toexpressanuntruecondition,orawishordesire.（與現(xiàn)實(shí)相反的條件、愿望）Whatdoesthesubjunctivemoodlooklike?Commonverbs: ask,demand,determine,insist,move,order,pray,prefer,recommend,regret,

request,require,suggest,andwish.Whatdoesthesubjunctivemoodlooklike?PresentSubjunctive:TheteacherrecommendedthatIbeinherclass.Irecommendthatyoubeontimetherestoftheyear.Thejudgesuggestedthatwebegivenfirstprize.Presentsubjunctive.Idemandthathedotheassignment.Hermominsistedthatshenotplaytomorrownight.IinsistthatMichaelcomeearly.Istronglysuggestthathecooperatewiththepolice.

PASTSUBJUNCTIVEIwishyouwereinmyEnglishclass.IwishMr.McGowanweren’tsoawesome.IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’tdothat.WriteonesentenceinPRESENTSUBJUNCTIVE,andonesentenceinPASTSUBJUNCTIVE.Whatmood?Indicative,Imperative,Subjunctive?MariatranslatesarticlesintoSpanish.Iwishyouwerehere.Bringmethetowels.Isuggestthatyoubequietnow.Pleasebequiet.Thecoachaskedthateachplayerpracticetwiceeachday.Thecoachwishestherugbyteam___moremotivated.Theindependentclause(ormainclause)standsaloneandexpressesacompleteidea.Thedependentclause(orsubordinateclause)cannotstandaloneanddependsonthemainclausetocompleteitsmessage.SUBJUNCTIVEINNOUNCLAUSES2ClausesShesuggeststhatI(should)payattention.Independentclause

(standsonitsown)

Subject+VerbConnectedbytheword“that”Dependentclause(can’tstandonitsown)

Beginswiththeword“that”IndicativemoodSubjunctivemoodThesubjunctivemoodcanonlybeusedinthedependentclause.However,thesubjunctiveisnotautomaticallyusedinalldependentnounclauses.SUBJUNCTIVEINNOUNCLAUSESWhatyouneedIndependentclausewithasubjectandaverbintheindicative(oranexpression)thatexpresseswish,preference,recommendation,opinion(andothersthatwewilllearnlater).ANDDependentclausewithaDIFFERENTsubjectmusthavetheverbinthesubjunctive.Someverbs&impersonalexpressionsofwish,preference,recommendationoropinionare:DesearEsperarQuerer(egie)MandarInsistirenNecesitarPermitirPreferir(egie)ProhibirRecomendar(egie)AconsejarSugerir(egie)Exigir(ggj)OjaláEsnecesarioEsimportanteEsimprescindibleEsbuenoEsmaloEsmejoreg:Irecommendthatyoufollowabalanceddiet.IndependentclauseSubject=IVerbexpressingdesireintheindicativemoodDependentclauseSubject=youVerbinthesubjunctivemoodItisnecessarythatyou(should)learntocookyourself.IndependentclauseSubject=(it)impersonalImpersonalexpressionindicatingopinionintheindicativemoodDependentclauseSubject=youVerbinthesubjunctivemoodIhopethatwedon’thavehomeworkontheweekend.IndependentclauseSubject=IVerbexpressingwishintheindicativemoodDependentclauseSubject=weVerbinthesubjunctivemoodWhathappensif…?Iftheverborexpressionintheindependent(main)clausedoesnotexpresswish,preference,recommendation,opinion,etc.THENTheverbinthedependentclausemustalsousetheindicativemood.Itistruethatfuelisveryexpensive.

IndependentclauseVerbthatexpressescertainty(fact)intheindicativemoodDependentclauseVerbintheindicativemoodIndependentclauseImpersonalexpressionofcertaintyintheindicativemoodDependentclauseVerbintheindicativemood

Itisobviousthatshefollowsahealthydiet.Whathappensif…?Ifthesubjectintheindependent(main)clauseisthesameasinthedependentclause.THENThedependentclausemusttaketheinfinitiveoftheverb.Andthewordthatisnolongerusedinthe