Unit李觀儀新編英語(yǔ)教程第三第五冊(cè)

會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1Unit李觀儀新編英語(yǔ)教程第三第五冊(cè)TeachingobjectivesUnderstandingthevariousaspectsrelatedtotheusageofwords.CultivatingasenseofappropriatenessinstyleLearningtouseanalogyasanexpositorymeans.第1頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)I.Preparation1)Topic“HittheNailontheHead”Denotation:originalmeaning—force(thenail)intotherightplace;makesomethingunmistakablyclear.

Connotation:impliedmeaning—exactlyrightinwordsoraction.第2頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)

Advicebytheauthor:Englishlearnersshouldtrytogetthewords,phrasesandsentencescompletelyrightfortheirpurposesinwriting.第3頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)

Denotativemeaning(外延/指示意義)referstotheessentialandinextricablepartofwhatlanguageis,isregardedasthecentralfactorinverbalcommunication.

第4頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)Denotativemeaning[+HUMAN+ADULT+MALE][+HUMAN+ADULT–MALE][+HUMAN–ADULT+FEMAL]Boy[+HUMAN–ADULT+MALE]Bull[–HUMAN+ADULT+MALE]manwomengirlGL第5頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)Connotativemeaning(內(nèi)涵/隱含意義)referstotheimpliedorcommunicativemeaning,overorabovetheword’sdenotativemeaning.第6頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)knutritious,healthy…pigdirty,simple…swallowalert,auspicious…Connotativemeaning第7頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)ConnotativemeaningGrinBeamSmileSmirkthemostcommonword?thedifferenceonmeaning?therelationshipamongthem?第8頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)Hyponymy(上下義關(guān)系)superordinate（上義詞）hyponyms（下義詞）co-hyponym（共下義詞）第9頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)I.Preparation2)Author3)Source

AlanWarner(1912-),EnglishteacheratMakerereCollege(麥大),Kampala(坎帕拉),Uganda.SelectedfromAShortGuidetoEnglishStyle(Warner,1960),whichtellshowtowritecleanEnglish

howtoseeEnglishstyletodayhowtodevelopEnglishstyle第10頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)TheRivals

byRichardBrinsleySheridanOneheroineinthedramaiscalledMrs.Malapropwholikestoshowherselftalentedinuseofwords,though

havinglittlelearning.Whilethingsgocontrarytoherwishes,herwordsareunbearablyfunnyandlaugh-evoking.第11頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)Ontheeducationofchildren:

“Asshegrewup,Iwouldhaveherinstructedingeometry,thatshemightknowsomethingofthecontagiouscountries”,shesaid.

Mrs.Malapropmisusedgeographyasgeometry,thenfurthermisusedcontiguousascontagious.第12頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)ThepoormatchingderivesthetermMalapropismresultingfromusingHomophony.第13頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)HomophonyOnesemanticrelationshipbetweenwordswhichsoundsalikebutarewrittendifferentlyandoftenhavedifferentmeanings.e.g.knowthrewbaremeetflowersewdearright第14頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)Malapropism

Ludicrousmisuseofwords,esp.foroneresemblingit.(用詞錯(cuò)誤、用語(yǔ)錯(cuò)誤、飛白，尤指誤用發(fā)音相似而意義全非的詞)

e.g.Yougetupatthecrankofdawnanddon'ttalktome,justsittingtherebeingunspeakable.crank/crackatthecrackofdawn

第15頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)Youcan'ttellabookbyitslover.lover/coverMargeandIareinsufferablefriends.insufferable/inseparatable

第16頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)MalapropismDoyouwantmetostrangleacoupleofeggsforyou?

strangle/scrambleIateinarestauranttoday,andthefoodwasabdominal.

abdominal/abnormal第17頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)Atschool,Itookacourseindomesticsilence.

silence/scienceHomewasn'tbuiltinaday.

Home/Rome第18頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)Chinesestylevs.EnglishstyleGoodwrittenChineseemployswell-knownsetphrasesandsayingstoconnectthepieceofwritingwiththeChineseliterarytradition.“以神傳意”GoodwrittenEnglishavoidstheseandcallsthemclichés.Ituseswell-knownphrasesinapieceofwrittenEnglishsoastobeinorderandlogic.

“以形達(dá)意”GoodwrittenChineseusesmoreemptywordsandrepeatswordsthathavethesamemeaningorpurposetogivebalanceandelegancetoitssentences.Forexample,Chineseusesthingslike也…也…,但是…卻…,因?yàn)椤浴?ButIfyoudoasimilarthinginEnglish,youaddflabandreduceclarity.

vividandrefinedformalistandinelegant第19頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)ChinglishWetwowhoandwho？咱倆誰(shuí)跟誰(shuí)阿

Howareyou?howoldareyou?

怎么是你，怎么老是你？

Youdon’tbirdme,Idon’tbirdyou.

你不鳥(niǎo)我，我也不鳥(niǎo)你

Ifyouwantmoney,Ihaveno;

ifyouwantlife,Ihaveone!

要錢沒(méi)有，要命一條

YouGiveMeStop!!!

你給我站??！knowisknow;noknowisnoknow.

知之為知之，不知為不知.

WATCHSISTER

表妹

youmeyoume.

彼此彼此

第20頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)

Warm-upquestionsDoesthetitlestrikeyouasabitunusual?HaveyoueverheardoftheEnglishproverb“Hitthenailonthehead”?Whatdoesitmean?Whosejobinvolveshittingnails?Isthetextconcernedaboutthecarpenter?Then,what’sthemajorconcernoftheauthor?Whatsimilaritiesdoestheauthorrecognizeinthejobofacarpenterandtheworkofawriter?

第21頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)2.HaveyoueverheardoftheEnglishproverb“Hitthenailonthehead”?Whatdoesitmean?SuggestedAnswer(SA):Itmeansexactlyrightinwordsoraction.(TheauthoradvisesthattheEnglishstudentsshouldtrytogetthewords,phrasesandsentencescompletelyrightfortheirpurposesintheirwriting.)3.Whosejobinvolveshittingnails?Isthetextconcernedaboutthecarpenter?Then,what’sthemajorconcernoftheauthor?

（stylisticmatter,howtochoosetherightwordfromtheextensivevocabularyoftheEnglishlanguage

）第22頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)4.Whatsimilaritiesdoestheauthorrecognizeinthejobofacarpenterandtheworkofawriter?

（a.Theprocessthewriterchoosestherightwordissimilartothewayacarpenterhammersanail.b.Likethecarpenterwhoneedstodrivehomeeverynailifhewantshisworkproperlydone,awriterneedstoputeffortsinchoosingtherightwordifhewantstobeaccurateandconcise.）第23頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)AnalogyOnekindofcomparison,derivesfromtheGreekword“analogia”,whichmeans“proportion”,or“accordingtoratio”.Itcomparestwothings,whicharealikeinvariousrespects,forthepurposeofexplainingorclarifyingsomeunfamiliarorcomplexideaorobjectbyshowinghowtheideaorobjectistoafamiliarone.similar第24頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)ExercisesChessboard

RulesofthegameThepiecesAnew-bornbabyCarpenterthephenomenonofuniversetheworldThelawsofNatureLiteraturecreationThefirstballoonflight(inventedbyBenjaminFranklin)第25頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)AttentionYoushouldnottaketimetomentionthedifferencebetweenthetwosubjects,becausethatwillblurthefocusanddistractthereader.InsteadSimilaritiesonlyDevelopasmuchasmanyparallelsimilaritiesasyoucanDrawasimilarconclusionfromtheother第26頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)Notice:Analogyandsimileoftenoverlap,yetsimileismoreartistic,analogyisdoneinanextendedwaytoexplainathoughtprocessandalineofreasoning.第27頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)5.LearnmoreaboutEnglishproverbsandidioms:(veryimportantbecauseoftheirspecificculturalconnotations)hitthenailonthehead:exactlyrightinwordsoractions.

toplaybyear:toplayatunewhichonehasheard,remembered,orinventedbutnotseenwritteninnotes.見(jiàn)機(jī)行事

inhotwater:intotroublerelatedtoangerorpunishment.wateroffaduck’sback:havenoeffect.tokeepaneartotheground:listentowhatwillhappenattentively.注意輿論動(dòng)向第28頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)tobarkupthewrongtree:attacktothewrongtarget.找錯(cuò)對(duì)象toflyoffhandle:loseone’stemper,flyintoarage.暴跳如雷

totwistsomeone’sarm:forcesomeonetodosomething.takingcandyfromababy:beinsatiablyavaricious貪得無(wú)厭

tolaughupone’ssleeve

：laughsecretlyaBlackSheep:enevilmemberoftheherdadarkhorse:unknowncompetitorwhomaywinawhitelie:harmlesslie第29頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)SectionI(paragraphs1-3)1.Ananalogybetweentheunskilleduseofthehammerandtheimproperchoiceofwords(Paragraph1)2.Thesignificanceoffindingtherightwords(Paragraphs23)OrganizationoftheText第30頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)Step1:theuseofanalogy

Howdoestheauthorintroducethesubject?Whatexpositorymeansisusedinthefirstparagraph?Canyouexplainthedifferencebetween“comparison”and“analogy”?第31頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)Step2：Toreadthepassageonpage7withthefollowingquestionsinmind:1.WHATisthepurposeofdrawingananalogy?2.WHENisitoftenused?3.HOWisitdifferentfrom“comparison”?第32頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)Step3：toidentifytheuseofcomparisonandtheuseofanalogyinpara.1

ComparisonAclumsymanaskillfulcarpenterAgoodwriteraskillfulcarpenterAnalogy

Awriterchoosingtherightword Acarpenterhammeringanail第33頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)Step4:Sumupthemainpoints:

Analogyisaspecialkindofcomparisonandamoreconcretewaytoexplainthings.Thepurposeofanalogyistoexplainsomethingabstractandremote.Withanalogy,ofthetwothingsbeingcompared,oneisusuallyafamiliarsubject,whichhelpstoexplaintheother,whichisusuallyadifficultandabstractsubject,somethinghardtodefine.第34頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)1.Semanticdifferencesbetweenwordshavingthesameroot(Paragraphs47)(1).Example1(humanvs.humane)(Paragraph4)(2).Example2(anxietyvs.eagerness)(Paragraph5)(3).Example3(singularityvs.singleness)(Paragraphs6–7)Section2(paragraphs4–10):

Thevariousaspectsinwordusage第35頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)2.Wrongchoiceofwordscausedbyfailuretorecognizetheirconnotations(Paragraph8)Examples:imprison,contain,sumup,epitomizeanddistill3.Stylisticdifferencesbetweensynonyms(Paragraph9)Examples:inmychildhoodvs.whenIwasachild;lovetowatchvs.lovewatching;dievs.expire;poorvs.inindigentcircum-stances4.TheabundanceofspecificwordsinEnglishforgeneralnotions(Paragraph10)第36頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)theimportanceofagoodcontrolandcommandoverknownwords(Agoodwriterisnotmeasuredbytheextentofhisvocabulary,butbyhisskillinfindingthewordthatwillhitthenailcleanlyonthehead.)Section3:Conclusion(Paragraph11):

第37頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)V.KeyPointsoftheTextParagraph1knockover:hit…tofall捶翻drivesomethinghome:force(thenail)intotherightplace;makesomethingunmistakablyclear把（釘子等）打入；使明確無(wú)誤E.g.(1).Heslammedthedooranddrovethebolthome.他砰地關(guān)上門(mén)，把門(mén)閂插好。(2).driveone’spointhome講清楚自己的觀點(diǎn)(3).avoicethatdriveshomeeachword字字清晰的說(shuō)話聲第38頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)(4).Todrivehomehispolicy,thepresidentwrotehissecondletter.為了闡明他的政策，總統(tǒng)又寫(xiě)了第二封信。(5).YoumustdriveithometoJohnthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.你必須使約翰明白我們錢確實(shí)不夠。

deft:effortlesslyskillful熟練的hititsquarelyonthehead:hittingitdirectlyonthehead.Alsohitthe(right)nailonthehead:(informal)beexactlyrightinwordsoraction正中要害；猜中；說(shuō)得好，做得好第39頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)E.g.:(1).Yourcriticismreallyhitthenailonthehead.你的批評(píng)確是一針見(jiàn)血。

(2).Insosaying,youhittherightnailonthehead.你這樣說(shuō)確是擊中要害。

squarely:meaning“directly”,maybeusedbothliterallyandfiguratively.E.g.:(1).Theboxerhithisopponentsquarelyonthejaw.(2).Wemustfacethedifficultysquarely.第40頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)awordthatismoreorlessright:awordthatisalmostright,butnotcompletelyright差不多恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語(yǔ)cleanEnglish:Englishthatisexact(precise)andclearQuestion1:Whichphraseinthisparagraphmarksacontrastbetweenaclumsymanandaskillfulcarpenter?SA:

Ontheotherhand.第41頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)Question2:WhichsentenceinParagraph1establishesthelinkbetweenthedrivingofanailandthechoiceofaword?SA:

Sowithlanguage;thegoodcraftsmanwillchoosewordsthatdrivehomehispointfirmlyandexactly.第42頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)P(yáng)aragraph2Question1:Whatdoestheword“this”inSentence1referto?SA:

Gettingthewordthatiscompletelyrightforthewriter’spurpose.scrupulouswriters:

writerswhoarethorough,exact,andwhopaycarefulattentiontodetails一絲不茍的作家第43頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)scrupulous:correcteveninthesmallestdetail;exact;painstaking;meticulous嚴(yán)格認(rèn)真的,審慎的unscrupulous:

不擇手段的,肆無(wú)忌憚的,theoppositeofscrupulous,seemstobemoreoftenusedtodescribepeoplewhodonotcareabouthonestyandfairnessingettingwhattheywant,orwhoarecompletelywithoutprinciples.Also

byhookor(by)crook:towinbyhookorcrook第44頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)P(yáng)aragraph2Question2:Doyouagreewiththeauthorthatthereisagreatdealoftruthintheseeminglystupidquestion“HowcanIknowwhatIthinktillIseewhatIsay”?Whyorwhynot?第45頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)P(yáng)aragraph2SA:

Yes,Ido.Itsoundsirrationalthatapersondoesnotknowwhathehimselfthinksbeforeheseeswhathesays,but,asamatteroffact,itisquitetruethatunlesswehavefoundtheexactwordstoverbalizeourownthoughtswecanneverbeverysureofwhatourthoughtsare,withoutwords,ourthoughtscannotbedefinedorstatedinaclearandprecisemanner.第46頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)P(yáng)aragraph3thatconstituteshislimitation:thatmakesorformshisshortcomingorinabilityincertainrespectsconceptvs.conception:Aconceptisanideaofacategoryorkindthathasbeengeneralizedfromparticularinstances.Thus,theconceptof“cat”arisesformthemanycatswesee.Conceptalsoreferstoawidelyheldideaofwhatsomethingisorshouldbe:TheconceptofgovernmentofmanysmallnationshasbeeninfluencedbythelegislativeandjudicialinstitutionsofBritain.

第47頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)Themeaningofconceptionismuchlikethissecondsenseofconcept,butdiffersinthattheideaofwhatathingisorshouldbeishereheldbyanindividualorsmallgroupandisoftencoloredbyimaginationandfeeling:Achild’sconceptionoftheuniverseisformedbyhislimitedexperienceandhisownfancies.第48頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)yourconceptionofthemanisclearerandsharper:

yourideaofthemanisclearerandmoredistinctsharp:awordthathasavarietyofmeaningsE.g.:

asharp(thrill)voice刺耳的語(yǔ)聲

sharp(harsh)wordsasharp(severe)pain第49頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)P(yáng)aragraph3Question:Whatisthesignificanceoffindingtherightwords?SA:

Wordsaremanyandvarious;theyaresubtleanddelicateintheirdifferentshadesofmeaning.Theexactuseoflanguagegivesusmasteryoverthematerialwearedealingwith.第50頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)P(yáng)aragraph4humanvs.humane:human:relatingtoorcharacteristicofhumankindorpeopleE.g.:humanaction:actiontakenbyman人的行為

Toerrishuman;toforgive,divine.犯錯(cuò)人皆難免；寬恕則屬超凡。（犯錯(cuò)是人，寬恕是神）humankiller:apersonoramachinethatkillshumans殺人兇手；殺人機(jī)器第51頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)humane:havingorshowingcompassionorbenevolence;characterizedbykindness,mercy,sympathyE.g.:humaneaction:mercifulaction人道的行為humanekiller:thatwhichkillsbutcauseslittlepain;instrumentforpainlessslaughterofanimals牲口無(wú)痛屠宰機(jī)，牲口麻醉屠宰機(jī)Paragraph5farafield:farawayfromhome;tooratagreatdistance;veryfaraway向遠(yuǎn)處,遠(yuǎn)離第52頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)P(yáng)aragraph6cowardice:lackofcourage怯懦,膽小rife:widespread,common（流行的，普遍的）.Rifeisanadjectiveusedwithsomethingnegative.E.g.:(1).Crimeandviolencewererife

inthiscitybeforeliberation.(2).Typhoidfever(Poultryflu)isrife.目前傷寒（禽流感）流行。

(3).Corruption(Unemployment)isstillrifeinthatcountry.那個(gè)國(guó)家依然貪污成風(fēng)（失業(yè)遍地）。

(4).Thewholecityisrifewithrumors.滿城謠言紛紛。第53頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)(5).Thisarticleisrifewitherror.這篇文章錯(cuò)誤百出。

(6).Thecountrywasrifewithdiseaseandviolence.那個(gè)國(guó)家當(dāng)時(shí)疾病和暴力橫行。

(7).Diseasesusedtoberifeinthatcountry.singularityvs.singleness:singularity:strangeness,oddity,peculiarity奇特,特性,非凡E.g.:singularityofmind思想奇特；標(biāo)新立異singleness:completedevotionto;holdingsteadfastlytoE.g.:singlenessofmind思想專一,專心致志第54頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)P(yáng)aragraph7malapropism:

anoftenamusingmisuseofaword,suchthatthewordincorrectlyusedsoundssimilartotheintendedwordbutmeanssomethingquitedifferent詞語(yǔ)誤用（尤指誤用發(fā)音相似而意義全非的詞）holdto:

(causeto)followexactly,keepto(somethingsuchasapromise);adhereto堅(jiān)持，遵守，忠于

E.g.:(1).Whateveryourargument,Ishallholdtomydecision.

第55頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)(2).Thepriestheldtohisbeliefsinspiteofcrueltreatment.(3).Heholdstoasimplelife.他堅(jiān)持過(guò)著簡(jiǎn)樸的生活。(4).Heheldtohisowncounsel.他按照自己的意見(jiàn)行事。

(5).Iholdtomypromise.我格守諾言。

drawaside:(causeto)movetoonesideE.g.:(1).Drawingthecurtainaside,helookeddownintothestreet.

(2).Thecrowddrewasidetolettheprisonerpass.第56頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)P(yáng)aragraph8Question:Explainwhytheword“imprison”intheexamplegiveninthisparagraph,thoughnotamalapropism,isstillnottherightwordforthewriter’spurpose.SA:

“Malapropism”meanstheunintentionalmisuseofawordbyconfusingitwithonethatresemblesit,suchashumanforhumane,singularityforsingleness.Butthemisuseof“imprison”isadifferentcase.Itiswronglychosenbecausetheuserhasfailedtorecognizeitsconnotation（內(nèi)涵）.第57頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)imprison:putintoprisonorkeepinaplaceorstatewhichoneisnotfreetoleave監(jiān)禁,關(guān)押;限制,束縛coercion:

pressure,compulsion;governmentbyforce強(qiáng)迫，壓制；高壓統(tǒng)治E.g.:thecoercionofpublicopinion輿論的壓力coerce

v.t.:強(qiáng)制；脅迫；迫使E.g.:coercesomebodyintodoingsomething迫使某人做謀事coerceuniformity強(qiáng)求一致coercive

adj.=coercionaryadj.:servingorintendedtocoerce第58頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)E.g.:coercivemethods(measures)強(qiáng)制的方法（手段）coercibleadj.epitomize:

betypicalof;serveasthetypicalexampleof代表，象征，體現(xiàn)，寫(xiě)…的梗概，作…的綱要E.g.:(1).Hewasthemanwhoepitomizedblackresistancetothecolonialgovernment.他代表著黑人對(duì)殖民地政府的反抗。(2).Hispoliticalcreedwasepitomizedinthisreport.他的政治信念就概括在這篇報(bào)告中。第59頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)epitomen.:①athingorpersonthatshows,toaverygreatdegree,aqualityorsetofqualities(especiallyinthephrasetheepitomeof)典型，象征；縮影②ashortaccountofabookorspeech梗概；縮寫(xiě)，節(jié)錄E.g.:(1).Sheistheepitomeofarrogance.她是傲慢的典型。(2).Mycatistheepitomeoflaziness(=Mycatisverylazy.).第60頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)hiton:

strikeon:findbyluckychanceorhaveagoodideaabout（偶然或忽然）發(fā)現(xiàn)；碰上；找到；想到E.g.(1).Ihitonthisinterestingbookinasmallbookstore.我在一家小書(shū)店里偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了這本有趣的書(shū)。(2).Theplanwehituponwasnotlogical,perhaps,butitworked.我們想出來(lái)的那個(gè)計(jì)劃也許不合邏輯，但它行之有效。(3).Howdidyouhitontherightanswersoquickly?(4).Atlastsomeonehitupontakingtheotherroadthroughthemountains.第61頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)distill:takeandseparatethemostimportantpartsof(abook,asubject,etc.)提煉E.g.:distilltheessenceof提取…的精華alive:sensitive;alert第62頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)P(yáng)aragraph9disprovevs.disapprove:disprove:provetobecontrary;refute反駁，證明有誤E.g.:(1).findachargehardtodisprove發(fā)現(xiàn)推翻某項(xiàng)罪名有困難(2).Hecouldnotdisprovethemajorcontentionofhisopponents.他駁不倒對(duì)方的主要論點(diǎn)。Comparedisapprove:haveabadopinionformoralreasons(of)不贊成；不同意；不準(zhǔn)許；否決；不贊同；不喜歡(of)第63頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)E.g.(1).Shedisapprovedthearrangementsforthewedding.(2).Thecourtdisapprovedtheverdict.法院否定了陪審團(tuán)的裁決。(3).Jim’sfatherdisapprovedofhismarriagetoMary.Jim的父親不贊成他與Mary的婚事。(4).Hedisapprovedofher.他討厭她。

expire:

die;passaway;cometoanend死亡；過(guò)期indigent:

poor;lackingmoneyandgoods;poverty-stricken;penniless貧困的，貧窮的第64頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)P(yáng)aragraph10march:walkwithfirmregularstepslikeasoldier齊步前進(jìn),行軍pace:walkwithslow,steadysteps,especiallybackwardsandforwards踱方步patrol:goatregulartimesround(anarea,building,etc.)toseethatthereisnotrouble,thatnooneistryingtogetinoroutillegally,etc.巡邏，巡查stalk:walkstiffly,proudly,orwithlongsteps高視闊步地走stride:walkwithlongstepsorcrosswithonelongstep大踏步地走，跨第65頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)tread:stepon踩,踐踏tramp:walk(throughorover)withfirmheavysteps用沉重的腳步行走stepout:(AmE)gooutsideorgosomewhere(美口)暫時(shí)走開(kāi)prance:movequickly,happilyorproudlywithaspringingordancingstep歡躍地走strut:walkproudlyorstiffly,especiallywiththechestpushedforwardandtryingtolookimportant趾高氣揚(yáng)地走，大搖大擺地走第66頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)prowl:(ofananimallookingforfood,orofathief)moveabout(anarea)quietly,tryingnottobeseenorheard潛行，暗中徘徊E.g.:beastsprowlingaftertheirprey四處覓食的野獸plod:(especiallyalong,on)walkslowly,especiallywithdifficultyandgreateffort;trudge

沉重緩慢地走，步履艱難E.g.:Theoldmanplodsalong,hardlyabletolifteachfoot.stroll:walkashortdistanceslowlyorlazily,especiallyforpleasure散步；閑逛；溜達(dá)shuffle:walkbydraggingone’sfeetslowlyalong曳足而行，拖著步子走第67頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)stagger:walkormoveunsteadilyandwithgreatdifficulty,almostfalling蹣跚，搖晃，踉蹌E.g.:Hewasstaggeringalongasifdrunk.sidle:(up)walkasifreadytoturnandgotheotherway,especiallysecretivelyornervously（尤指鬼鬼祟祟地或膽怯地）悄悄地走E.g.:Hesidleduptothestrangerinthestreetandtriedtosellhimthestolenring.trudge:walkwithheavysteps,slowlyandwitheffort(plod)步履艱難地走,跋涉E.g.:Hehadtotrudge(for)20milestogethome.第68頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)toddle:walkwithshortunsteadysteps,asasmallchilddoes蹣跚行步，東倒西歪地走ramble:(about,through,among)goonalongwalkwithnoparticularplan漫游；漫步E.g.:1）Theyrambledthroughthewoods.2）Werambledaboutforhoursintheoldcity.roam:(through,around,about)wanderwithoutaveryclearpurpose漫步；閑蕩；漫游E.g.:Atthisheighthyenasroamedabout.saunter:walkinanunhurriedway,andespeciallyinaconfidentmanner(lounge)閑逛；漫步E.g.:Isaunteredalongthestreetwithnothingtodo.第69頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)meander:

(ofpeople)wanderinasloweasyway漫步,散步(ofriversandstreams)flowslowly,turninghereandthere（指河川）蜿蜒而流；迂回曲折地前進(jìn)lounge:(especiallyabout,around)moveinalazy,relaxedway,moveinleisurely,indolentmanner(saunter)閑逛E.g.:Heloungedaboutthehouse,doingnothingbutgettinginourwaywhilewewereworking.第70頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)loiter:moveonormoveabout,stoppingoften走走停停；徘徊；閑逛E.g.:Thepolicemensawsomeoneloiteringneartheshop.creep:moveslowlyandquietlywiththebodyclosetotheground匍匐前進(jìn)，爬行；躡手躡腳地走E.g.:1）Thecatcreptsilentlytowardsthemouse.2）Thepolicemancreptuponthecriminalandseizedhimfrombehind.第71頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)P(yáng)aragraph11takecourage:feelhopefulandconfidentaboutsomethingE.g.:Itisachallengingjob;buttakecourageandworkhardatit,andyou’llberewarded.第72頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)Question1:Whatconclusionisdrawnbytheauthorinthisparagraph?SA:

Agoodwriterisnotmeasuredbytheextentofhisvocabulary,butbyhisskillinfindingthe“motjuste”,thewordthatwillhitthenailcleanlyonthehead.第73頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)Question2:Thewriterbeginshisarticlewithananalogybetweentheunskilleduseofthehammerandtheimproperchoiceofwords.Identifytheplaceswheretheanalogyisreferredtointherestofthearticle.第74頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)1）“Wedon’thavetolookfarafieldtofindevidenceofbadcarpentryinlanguage.”(Paragraph5)2）“Itisperhapseasiertobeagoodcraftsmanwithwoodandnailsthanagoodcraftsmanwithwords.”(Paragraph9)3）“Agoodcarpenterisnotdistinguishedbythenumberofhistools,butbythecraftsmanshipwithwhichheusesthem.Soagoodwriterisnotmeasuredbytheextentofhisvocabulary,butbyhisskillinfindingthe‘motjuste’,thewordthatwillhitthenailcleanlyonthehead.”

(Paragraph11)第75頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)VI.SAtoEx.I,P.1,Workbook1.

Sowithlanguage;thegoodcraftsmanwillchoosewordsthatdrivehomehispointfirmlyandexactly.2.Gettingthewordthatiscompletelyrightforthewriter’spurpose.第76頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)VI.SAtoEx.I,P.1,Workbook3.Yes,Ido.Itsoundsirrationalthatapersondoesnotknowwhathehimselfthinksbeforeheseeswhathesays,but,asamatteroffact,itisquitetruethatunlesswehavefoundtheexactwordstoverbalizeourownthoughtswecanneverbeverysureofwhatourthoughtsare,withoutwords,ourthoughtscannotbedefinedorstatedinaclearandprecisemanner.第77頁(yè)/共87頁(yè)VI.SAtoEx.I,P.1,Workbook4.“Malapropism”meanstheunintentionalmisuseofawordbyconfusingitwithonethatresemblesit,suchashumanforhumane,singularityforsinglenes