高中英語 語法學案之名詞性從句

PAGENounClauses（名詞性從句）學習目標：學習目標：（LearningAims）通過學習，學生能夠了解名詞性從句的特征；學生能夠掌握引導名詞性從句的連接詞的含義，并在不同語境中選擇合適的連接詞；學生能夠區(qū)分名詞性從句和定語從句。Ⅰ.Discoveringusefulstructures:請將每句中的名詞性從句標上下劃線，并標出連接詞、體會從句所做的成分、語序、時態(tài)。Thatfashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.Ithasbeenprovedthateatingvegetablesinchildhoodhelpstoprotectyouagainstseriousillnessesinlaterlife.WhatmattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.Toimprovethequalityofourproducts,weaskedforsuggestionswhoeverhadusedtheproducts.TomorrowisTom’sbirthday.Haveyougotanyideawherethepartyistobeheld?Wedon’tknowwhosekeysthoseare.I’mafraidhe’smoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichiswhyheneverfinishesanything.Heiswonderingwhenhecanfinishthisdifficultjob.Whendoyouthinkhewillcome?Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryouturnrightorleftatthecrossing—bothroadsleadtothepark.Theteacheraskedif/whetherwehadfinishedtheexperiment.Scientistsstudyhowhumanbrainsworktomakecomputers.自我歸納：（Summing-up）1.名詞性從句是指：在復合句中起_________作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。它包括_________、_________、_________和_________，可分別作主句的主語、賓語、表語和同位語。名詞性從句是英語三大從句之一，即：形容詞性從句（即_______）,副詞性從句（即_______）,和名詞性從句。2.引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類

連接詞：that,whether,if（在從句中不充當成分）

連接代詞：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which,whichever.(在從句中作主語、表語、賓語、定語)

連接副詞：when,where,how,why（在從句中作狀語，有時亦可作表語）3.①名詞性從句在從句中為_________語序。②特殊疑問詞+doyouthink/suppose/believe/expect+_____語序。如句(9)。Ⅱ.SummarizingKeyPoints:一、主語從句在句中作主語的從句叫主語從句。1、that,whether引導①Thatheisstillaliveisawonder.②Itsuddenlyoccurredtohimthathehadlefthiskeyintheoffice.③It’snolongeraquestionnowthatmancanlandonthemoon. ④ItwassaidthatonlythreepeopleintheworldcouldunderstandEinstein’stheoryatthattime.⑤Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.2、連接代詞引導①Whobroketheglassyesterdayisnotclear.②Whoevercomesiswelcome.③Whicheverofyoucomesinfirstwillreceiveaprize.④Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.3、連接副詞引導①Whenwearrivedoesn’tmatter.②Whythedinosaursdisappearedsuddenlystillremainsapuzzle.二、賓語從句在句中充當賓語的句子叫做賓語從句。1.由連接詞that,if,whether引導的賓語從句①Ithink(that)womencanreachveryhighachievementsinmanyfieldsofscience.②Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.③Hesuggested(that)we(should)setoffasearlyaspossible.④Ithinkitnecessarythatwedrinkenoughwatereveryday.⑤Hetoldme(that)hehadtwosonsandthattheybothhadgonetocollege.2.由連接代詞引導的賓語從句①Amoderncityhasbeensetupinwhatwasawastelandtenyearsago.②Sarahhopestobecomeafriendofwhoeversharesherinterests.③I’lljustsaywhatevercomesintomymind.④Eatwhichevercakeyoulikeandleavetheothersforwhoevercomesinlate.⑤TherearesomanygoodmagazinesthatIdon’tknowwhichIshouldchoose.⑥Wedon’tknowwhowilltakehisplace.3.由連接副詞引導的賓語從句①Nooneknowshowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.②Couldyoutellmewhyyouwerelateforthemeetingthismorning?③Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthfulloffood.三、表語從句在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。1、that,whether,because,asif/though引導①Itseemsthattherearepeoplefromallovertheworldlivinghere.②Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.③Itlookedasif/thoughitwasgoingtosnow.④Thisisprobablybecausetheyareoftenveryconfident.⑤Thereasonwhyhecamelatewasthathegotuplate.2、連接代詞引導①Theproblemiswhowilltakechargeofthisshop.②Heisnotwhatheusedtobeafewyearsago.③Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)readasmuchEnglishaspossible.3、連接副詞引導①ThatiswhenIrealizedtheimportanceofEnglish.②Whynottryyourluckdowntown,Bob?That’swherethebestjobsare.四、同位語從句同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內容。可用于同位語從句的名詞有fact、idea、news、word（消息）、information、truth、doubt、wish、hope、promise、message、advice、suggestion、request、demand、order、problem、question、evidence、proof、sign等。例如：1.由連接詞that,whether引導的同位語從句①Thethoughtthattheycouldcrossthewholecontinentwasexciting.②Doyouhaveanyideawhetherheiscomingornot?③TherearesignsthatmorepeoplewilllearnEnglish.2.由連接代詞引導的同位語從句①Ihavenoideawhathe’stalkingabout.②Thequestionwhoshoulddothejobrequiresconsideration.3.由連接副詞引導的同位語從句①Wehaven’tyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendtheholiday.②Ihavenoideahowhedidit.五、幾個區(qū)別1.同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：同位語從句對名詞加以補充說明，名詞全部內容的體現(xiàn)；定語從句說明先行詞的性質與特征，與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關系。在定語從句中，that作為關系代詞，充當句子成分，在從句中作賓語時可以省略;that引導同位語從句時，起連詞的作用，沒有實際意義，不充當句子成分，一般不能省略。

①Wewereexcitedatthenewsthatourteamhadwon.②Thenewsthatweheardontheradiowasexciting.2.if和whether的區(qū)別1）在主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中一般用whether；2）在引導賓語從句時兩者可以互換，但引導介詞后邊的賓語從句時，或與ornot連用時一般用whether；①Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.②Thatdependsonwhetheryouaresuitableforthejob.③Idon’tknowwhetherornotshewillcome.3.that與what的區(qū)別that在名詞性從句中不充當句子成分，沒有意義，只起連接作用；而what不僅起連接作用，而且有意義也充當句子成分。①Itworriedherabit_________herhairwasturninggrey.②________worriedherabitwasthatherhairwasturninggrey.4.“疑問詞+ever”引導的從句與“nomatter+疑問詞”引導的從句的區(qū)別前者既可以引導名詞性從句也可以引導讓步狀語從句，后者只能引導讓步狀語從句。如:①Nomatterwhat/WhateverIsaid,hewouldn’tlistentome. ②Youhaveoursupport,whatever/nomatterwhatyoudecide.③HewouldbelievewhateverIsaid. ④Whoeverdidthisjobmustberewarded.Ⅲ.Basicpractice:◆單句填空。1._______wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan_______wehave.2._______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.3.Ihate_______whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.4._______we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.5.________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.6.________itistrueremainsaproblem.7.Idon'tknow_________ornothe'llcome.8.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof________sharesherinterests.9.Theyreceivedorders_______thework（should）befinishedbytheendofthismonth.10.Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwas_______hescoredthewinninggoal.11.Hetellsmethathisbrother__________(buy)anewfootballyesterday.12.Hetoldmethathe__________(tell)Maryaboutthemeetingalready.13.Ourphysicsteachertoldusthatlight________(travel)fasterthansound.14.Somepeoplebelieve_______hashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture.15.Pickyourselfup.Courageisdoingyou'reafraidtodo.16.Exactly____thepotatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain,butitwasprobablyaround1565.17.Itisdifficultforustoimagine_______lifewaslikeforslavesintheancientworld.18.Grandmapointedtothehospitalandsaid,“That’s______Iwasborn.”19.“Everytimeyoueatasweet,drinkgreentea.”Thisis_________mymotherusedtotellme.20.IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleYeah,butIhavenoidea_______hedidit;that’soneofhisfavoriteuniversities.21.Thereisnopossibility____Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.22.___isrequiredintheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.23.Iwassurprisedbyherwords,whichmademerecognize____sillymistakesIhadmade.24.Itisthefact____hedoesn’tknowhisbirthday____surprisedusall.25.Itisnoneofyourbusiness_____otherpeoplethinkaboutyou.Believeinyourself.26.Itisnolongeraquestion____manislearningmoreandmoreaboutspace.27.Itisnotimmediatelyclear___thefinancialcrisiswillsoonbeover.28.Asanewdiplomat,heoftenthinksof____hecanreactmoreappropriatelyonsuchoccasions.29.Newscamefromtheschooloffice____WangLinhadbeenadmittedtoBeijing30.Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodo___ittakestosaveherlife.31.Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoon_____themeetingwouldbepostponed.32.Imadeapromisetomyself____thisyear,myfirstyearinhighschool,wouldbedifferent.33.Itsuddenlyoccurredtohim___hehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.34.Scientistsstudy____humanbrainsworktomakecomputers.35.Wepromise_____attendsthepartyachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.36.Asmanyasfivecoursesareprovided,andyouarefreetochoose_____suitsyoubest.37.Evidencehasbeenfoundthroughyearsofstudy____children’searlysleepingproblemsarelikelytocontinuewhentheygrowup.38.Agoodfriendofminefrom___IwasbornshowedupatmyhomerightbeforeIleftforBeijing.39.InChina,thenumberofcitiesisincreasingdevelopmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld.40.Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeisshecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.Ⅳ.Challengingpractice(A)Itisknown___1___oneoftheaimsofUNESCOistoprotectandpreserve___2____(culture)andnaturalheritage.Ourheritageis___3___preciousgiftfromthepast,anditisalso____4___welivewithtoday.IbelievesomeofyoumayhavevisitedMountTaiandMountHuang,orhavebeentoJiuzhaigou.Manypeoplejustfind__5__unbelievable___Theseheritagesitesimpressvisitors___7___theiramazingbeauty,andtheyareagreatsourceof___8___(inspire).Therearealtogethermorethan900WorldHeritagesites.Peoplehavecometounderstandthetruth____9___theydonotbelongtoanysingleperson,___10_____toallmankind.(B)Stayinghealthymakessense Manypeoplewonder___1___thereisanyconnectionbetweenoursensesandourhealth.Scientistsobserve___2___makingthemostofoursenseswhenweareyoungcankeepushealthylateroninlife. Whydowefeelanxiousortired?Onestudyshows___3____approximately90%ofourtimeisspent____4___televisionorusingcomputers.Itisadded___5____whileoursenseofsightisusedtoomuch,oursensesoftouchandsmellhavebeenignored. Peopleoftenask___6____ornotweshoulddevelopalloursenses.Theanswerisyes.Expertssuggest____7__wedothefollowingthingsmoreoften.Whilehavingdinner,listentosomeenjoyablemusicratherthanwatchtelevision.While____8____(relax)athome,havesomeflowersnexttoyou__9______smellnice.Beforegoingtobed,turnthelights_____10_____.Whilesleeping,wearanightshirtthatispleasanttotouch—itwillmakeussleepwell.(C)‘Borrowedwords’—goodorbad?Languageskeepborrowingwordsfromotherlanguages.Thisisoneofthereasons___1__languageskeepchangingalmosteveryday.___2___weshoulddoabouttheincreasingnumberof‘borrowedwords’inourvocabularyissomethingthatdeservescareful