國際商務英語Chapter 2-1課件

Chapter2

BusinessOrganizations

第二章商務組織1、概述2、獨資企業(yè)3、一般合伙企業(yè)4、有限合伙企業(yè)5、合股公司6、公司7、跨國公司Ⅰ.ExplanatoryNotesonTechnicalTerms(專業(yè)術語)1.proprietorship—所有權2.stockholder—股東，持股人3.partnership—合伙企業(yè)4.entity—實體5.bankruptcy—破產(chǎn)6.joint-stockcompany—合股公司7.dividend—紅利，股息8.bylaw—附則，細則9.treasurer—司庫，財務長10.comptroller—主計長，總會計師2.SoleProprietorshipproprietary業(yè)主stockholder股東incur招致tort民事侵權entity實體creditor債權人3.GeneralPartnershipcarryon經(jīng)營、從事UniformPartnershipAct合伙企業(yè)統(tǒng)一法案Thecommonlaw普通法（判例法）aggregation集合fictionalperson虛擬人（法人）Contributingcapital資本攤派religiouschariablefraternal宗教的、慈善的、博愛的4.LimitedPartnershipcomplywith遵守drilling鉆井deduction減免、優(yōu)惠6.Corporationsdisticnt有區(qū)別的merge合并quasi-public半公有公司nonprofit非贏利closelyheld私募集的municipality市政部門7.TransnationalCorportationsGDP國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值Ⅱ.LanguagePoints(語言要點）

(Teachersshouldnotethathereweonlygiveyousomeofthelanguagepoints,youmayaddsomebyyourself.)1.Businessesoperateunderavarietyofformsofbusinessorganization.企業(yè)以各種不同的商務機構形式來開展業(yè)務ATTN:sentencesinpassivevoicearemorewidelyusedinEnglishthaninChinese.

Under—據(jù)，依照，以……為依據(jù)e.g.Underthetermsofagreement,thegoodsshouldbedeliveredinOctober.2.Thefactorstobeweighedinmakingthedecision在做出決定時需權衡的因素tobeweighedin…不定式的被動式作定語修飾factors。E.g.ThemachinetobedesignedandmadeinourfactorywillbeexportedtoAmerica.我們廠設計和制造的機器將出口到美國。tort:n.侵權行為awrongfulact,notincludingabreach

ofcontractortrust,thatresultsininjurytoanother'sperson,property,reputation,orthelike,andforwhich

theinjuredpartyisentitledtocompensation.3.Ageneralpartnership

is

anassociationoftwoormorepersonstocarryon,asco-owners,abusinessforprofit.一般合伙企業(yè)是兩個或兩個以上的個人以共同所有者的身份，為從事盈利性的商業(yè)活動而組成的組織。1）association社團，協(xié)會，行業(yè)組織2）tocarryon,asco-owners,abusinessforprofit隔離不定式（不定式與賓語之間加狀語）

windup:上緊發(fā)條；使結(jié)束a.tobringtoastateofgreattension;excite(usuallyusedinthepastparticiple):Hewasallwoundupbeforethegame.b.tobringorcometoanend;conclude:towindupasalescampaign.c.tosettleorarrangeinordertoconclude:towindupone'saffairs.d.tobecomeultimately:towindupasacountryschoolteacher.

liquidation:noun1.theprocessofrealizinguponassetsandofdischargingliabilitiesinconcludingtheaffairsofabusiness,estate,etc.2.theprocessofconvertingsecuritiesorcommoditiesintocash.3.thestateofbeingliquidated:anestateinliquidation.

accountingn.會計；會計學；記賬v.記述，報告unincorporated:1.無法人地位的；非特許公司的2.非特許自治村(或城市)的3.未聯(lián)合的，未合并的；未被包括在內(nèi)的adjective1.notcharteredasacorporation;lackingthepowersandimmunitiesofacorporateenterprise:anunincorporatedbusiness.2.notcharteredasaself-governingvillageorcity;lackingthetax,police,andotherpowersconferredbythestateonincorporatedtowns:anunincorporatedhamlet.3.notcombinedintoasinglebodyorunit;notmadepartof;notincluded:Manyunincorporatedresearchnotesareappendedtothetextofthebook.

quasi-pubic半公有公司quasi-?acombiningformmeaning“resembling,”“havingsome,butnotallofthefeaturesof,”usedintheformationofcompoundwords:quasi-definition;quasi-monopoly;quasi-official;quasi-scientific.

1.Hewasaquasiactor.他有點象演員。2.Insomepeople'sview,TVseriesisakindofquasi-art.在某些人看來，電視連續(xù)劇是一種準藝術。incorporation：noun1.theactofincorporatingorthestateofbeingincorporated.2.theactofformingalegalcorporation.5.Aprimarydifferencebetweenthetwoisthatordinarilypreferredstockholdersareentitledtoreceivetheirdividendsbeforecommonstockholders.兩者（普通股東和優(yōu)先股東）最主要的區(qū)別是優(yōu)先股股東可以在普通股股東之前獲取股息。Beentitledtodo…有權做……entitle：togive(apersonorthing)atitle,right,orclaimtosomething;furnishwithgroundsforlayingclaim:

Hisexecutivepositionentitledhimtocertaincourtesiesrarelyaccordedothers.

Discretion：thepowerorrighttodecideoractaccordingtoone'sownjudgment;freedomofjudgmentorchoice:ItisentirelywithinmydiscretionwhetherIwill

goorstay.n.自由裁量權；謹慎；判斷力；判定；考慮周到Inbadfaith欺詐地；背信棄義地；善意地Withtheintentionofdeceivingsomeoneordoingharm,asinI'msuretheywereactinginbadfaithandneverplannedtopayus.6.Todayfew,ifany,countriesareeconomicallyself-sufficient.當今，幾乎沒有任何國家在經(jīng)濟上是自給自足的。(注意省略部分的譯文。)7.Aroughestimate

suggeststhatthe300largestTNCsownorcontrolatleastone-quarteroftheentireworld’sproductiveassets,worthaboutUS$5trillion.粗略的估計表明300家最大的跨國公司擁有、或者控制著全世界生產(chǎn)性資產(chǎn)的四分之一，價值伍萬億美元。Productiveassets生產(chǎn)性資產(chǎn)WorthaboutUS$5trillion價值五萬億美元8.Becausetransnationalityhasmanydimensionsandcanbeviewedfromseveralperspectives---economic,political,legal,etc.,TNChasthefollowingfeatures:跨國公司具有眾多視角特點，可從多個角度來進行觀察——如經(jīng)濟、政治、法律以及其它角度等等，跨國公司具備下列特征：transnationality=transnationalcompany跨國公司manydimensions多角性，多種尺度polycentric:havingmanycenters,especiallyofpowerorimportance:thepolycentricworldofbanking.多中心的9.Aspercapitaincomeincreases,aslevelsofeducationincreaseandasthegrowthincommunicationstechnologyincreasesawarenessofalternativelifestyles,therearerisingexpectationswithregardtomatterssuchashousing,welfare,recreation,andmedicine.人均收入的增加、教育水平的增長和通信技術的提高使人們對生活方式有更大的選擇，致使人們對住房、福利、娛樂和醫(yī)療等方面的需求逐步增加。province:n.??；領域；職權adepartmentorbranchoflearningoractivity:theprovinceofmathematics.

lever:noun1.Mechanics.arigid

barthatpivotsaboutonepointandthatisusedtomoveanobject

atasecondpointbyaforce

appliedatathird.2.ameansoragencyofpersuadingorofachievinganend:Sayingthatthechairmanoftheboardlikestheplanisjustalevertogetustosupportit.

10.ThereexistssomeevidencethatforeigndirectinvestmentbyTNCsandtheforeignexchangethatTNCsprovidecanimprovetheeconomicperformanceofthecountriesinwhichtheyoperate.一些事實說明，跨國公司的直接投資和資本往來可顯明地促進東道國的經(jīng)濟增長。(復合句，用語法引導翻譯法。指導學生理解和翻譯)1)主句thereexistssomeevidence2)第一個that引導的定語從句用以修飾主句的主語。這個定語從句有兩個主語foreigndirectinvestment和foreignexchange，謂語是canimprove3)第二個that引導的定語從句thatTNCsprovide修飾第一個定語從句的主語。4)Inwhich引導的定語從句修飾countries5)Perfomance經(jīng)營，業(yè)績，履行negligible:adj.微不足道的，可以忽略的adjectivesosmall,trifling,orunimportantthatitmaysafelybeneglectedordisregarded:Theextraexpenseswerenegligible.

hamper:verb(usedwithobject)1.toholdback;hinder;impede:Asteadyrainhamperedtheprogressofthework.2.tointerferewith;curtail:Thedancers'movementswerehamperedbytheirelaboratecostumesindigneous:adj.本土的；土著的；國產(chǎn)的；固有的royalties:n.版稅；稿酬（royalty的復數(shù)形式）tenuous:adjective纖細的；稀薄的；貧乏的

1.thinorslenderinform,asathread.2.lackingasound

basis,asreasoning;unsubstantiated;weak:atenuousargument.

malaise:nounn.不舒服；心神不安

1.aconditionofgeneralbodilyweaknessordiscomfort,oftenmarkingtheonsetofadisease.2.avagueorunfocusedfeelingofmentaluneasiness,lethargy,ordiscomfort.Coted’Ivoire:科特迪瓦；象牙海岸；科特廸亞；科特迪瓦共和國subcountract:n.分包合同；轉(zhuǎn)包合同|vi.轉(zhuǎn)包；分包non-equity:非股權

non-equityshares非權益股份1）percapita人均，每人，按人頭2）ascapitaincome隨著人均收入……3）aslevelsofeducationincrease隨著教育水平的提高4）asthegrowthincommunicationtechnologyincreases隨著通訊技術的發(fā)展5）awarenessofalternativelifestyles選擇生活方式的意識6）risingexpectations增長著的愿望7）withregardto關于8）suchas…諸如……9）welfare福利10）recreation娛樂11.Althoughintheorytransnationalcorporationscanfostersocialdevelopmentindevelopingcountriesbytransferringmanagementskillsaswellasresearchanddevelopment(R&D)capacities,inpracticetheirrecordinthisfieldismixed.雖然在理論上跨國公司可以通過傳遞管理技術和研發(fā)能力來推動社會的進步，但實踐的效果喜憂參半。1)fostersocialdevelopment推動社會的發(fā)展2)bytransferringmanagementskillsaswellasresearchanddevelopmentcapacities.通過傳遞管理技術和研發(fā)能力（來推動社會的進步）3)bemixed摻和，結(jié)合，喜憂參半fraction:n.[數(shù)]分數(shù)；部分；小部分；稍微affluent:adjective1.havinganabundanceofwealth,property,orothermaterialgoods;prosperous;rich:anaffluentperson.2.aboundinginanything;abundant.In1992,PhillipMorrispaid4.5billiondollarsintaxestotheUnitedStatesgovernmentalone,includingbillionsmoreinemployeeandexcisetaxes.1992年，PhillipMorris公司僅向美國政府就支付了45億美元的稅收，包括多達數(shù)十億的員工稅及消費稅。Ⅲ.KeystoTestYourself（練習答案）1.ComprehensionQuestions1)Whatarethemajordisadvantagesofsoleproprietorship?

Soleproprietorshiphasthefollowingdisadvantages:First,theownerisexposedtounlimitedliability.Thatmeanstheownerispersonallyliableforalldebtsofthebusiness.Thesedebtsmaybeincurredasaresultofacontractobligationorasaresultoftortliability.Second,thesoleproprietorshipisnormallynotinthebestpositiontoraiselargesumsofmoneybecauseitsabilitytorepayloansislimitedbytheassetsoftheindividualproprietor.Thethirddisadvantageisthesoleproprietorship’slackofcontinuity.2)Whatarethechiefdifferencesbetweengeneralpartnershipandlimitedpartnership?Thechiefdifferencesbetweengeneralpartnershipandlimitedpartnershiparethat:(1)oneormorepartnersinthelimitedpartnershiphavelimitedliability—thatis,theirliabilityislimitedtotheextentoftheirinvestmentinthepartnership—whereasallpartnersinageneralpartnershiphaveunlimitedliability.(2)Limitedpartnershavenocontrolovertheeverydaymanagement.)3)Isgeneralpartnershipalegalentity?Althoughgeneralpartnershipisregardedasanentityinitselfinthecourseofday–to–daybusinessactivities,thecommonlawdoesnotrecognizeitalegalentity,butusuallyasanaggregationofindividuals.Thus,apartnershipisnotafictionalpersonwithadistinctlegalexistenceapartfromitsmembers.

4)Whyisitdesirabletohavearticlesofpartnershipasfaraspartnershipisconcerned?5)Whathastobedealtwithbetweendissolutionandterminationofapartnership?6)Whyarethelimitedpartnersinalimitedpartnershiplikeshareholdersinacorporation?7)Whatarethemainadvantagesanddisadvantageofjoint-stockcompany?8)Whyisacorporationaseparatelegalentityforallpurposes?9)Whichfeaturemakesacorporationattractivetoinvestors?Why?10)Makeabriefcomparisonbetweensoleproprietorship,partnershipandcorporation.2.TranslatetheFollowingEconomicTermsintoEnglish:1)獨資企業(yè)soleproprietorship 2)普通合伙企業(yè)generalpartnership 3)法人fictionalperson4)合股公司joint-stockcompany5)董事會boardofdirectors 6)國有公司publiccorporation7)資本攤繳capitalcontribution8)多數(shù)股權controllinginterest9)優(yōu)先股股東preferredstockholder 10)公司章程articlesofincorporation3.ReadtheFollowingPassageandFillintheBlankswithAppropriateWords:3.Cplementary18.responsible19.major20.form21.limited22.ownership23.performance24.enhanced25.heavy4.TranslatetheFollowingPassageintoEnglish，thenAnswertheFollowingQuestions:

公司法規(guī)所定的建立新有限公司的程序中，除了別的內(nèi)容之外，還包括擬訂公司章程和公司條例。公司條例的目的在于制訂一套規(guī)章來控制公司的內(nèi)部運轉(zhuǎn)，