高級班石油煉制過程的模擬

AspenPlus高級班石油煉制過程的模擬2023/1/15高級精餾在化工領域的應用RADFRAC單元操作模型的應用、收斂方法和參數的選?。蝗嗾麴s、萃取蒸餾、共沸蒸餾和反應蒸餾等特殊蒸餾過程的模擬；電解質過程的模擬等。

2023/1/15石油煉制過程的模擬方法

以一套典型的常減壓裝置為主線，講授下列5部分內容：1)油品餾程分析數據的處理；2)初餾塔的模擬計算；3)常壓塔的模擬計算；4)減壓塔的模擬計算；5)計算原油中所含雜質硫在各種產品中的分布。

2023/1/15掌握如下新的內容：

1)石油煉制過程蒸餾單元的模擬步驟；2)流程模擬軟件中石油餾份的特殊處理方法；3)掌握PETROFRAC單元操作模型的使用；4)產品中雜質分布的計算。

2023/1/15復習：建立流程模擬模型的基本步驟確定模擬范圍，繪制模擬流程圖；將已知條件輸入相應表格：SETUPCOMPONENTSPROPERTIESSTREAMSBLOKS。運行模擬計算檢查結果2023/1/15

油品分析和虛擬組分

目標:學習輸入石油分析數據,創(chuàng)建調和組分(油品混合),以及表征石油餾分AspenPlus

參考資料:

UserGuide,Chapter6,SpecifyingComponents

UserGuide,Chapter32,PetroleumAssaysandPseudocomponents本章概況表征石油流體的挑戰(zhàn)油品餾程數據和性質數據的輸入蒸餾曲線的轉換生成虛擬組分油品調和用戶自定義的虛擬組分2023/1/15石油的表征石油是烴類化合物和雜質組成的寬沸程的混合物.石油或石油餾分的性質取決于它們的組成，但是其組成難以定量分析石油用虛擬組分(pseudocomponents)來表征,虛擬組分是蒸餾曲線上較小的片斷.每一個虛擬組分的基本性質由下列關聯式來計算:分子量(MW)正常沸點(TBP)重度或者WatsonUOPK2023/1/15Assays和Blends組分AssayData(TBP,D86)PseudocomponentsAssay-1Assay-2BlendPseudocomponents輸入 輸出2023/1/15輸入油品餾程分析數據1. 在DataBrowser下面,選擇Components,然后選Assay-Blend.2. 在Assay-Blend目標管理器下,創(chuàng)建一個assay并且提供一個名稱(ID).3. 在BasicData\DistCurve表中，輸入蒸餾曲線數據.4. 在BasicData\DistCurve表中，輸入油品重度，或者在BasicData\Gravity/UOPK表中，輸入重度曲線或UOPK曲線數據.虛擬組分將在模擬計算之初自動生成.2023/1/15ASSAY組分的表征輸入蒸餾曲線蒸餾曲線分割為很多個片段(TBPCutpoints)每一個片段生成一個虛擬組分每一個虛擬組分的性質以下列參數的平均值為基礎進行估算：分子量(MW)正常沸點(NBP)密度或比重(APIorSG)虛擬組分的流率在流股結果表中報告.2023/1/15Assay組分BasicData\DistCurve

表2023/1/15重度的規(guī)定油品整體重度比重API重度重度曲線比重API重度API=141.5/SG-131.5WatsonUOPK曲線NBP=(UOPK*SG)32023/1/15Assay組分BasicData\Gravity/UOPK表2023/1/15蒸餾曲線蒸餾曲線類型:ASTMD86,D1160,D2887實沸點蒸餾曲線(TBP)(重量或體積基準)真空蒸餾曲線(重量或體積基準)每一個蒸餾曲線至少需要輸入4個點.報告中的蒸餾曲線為:ASTMD86ASTMD1160Vacuum(liquidvolume)2023/1/15油品分析數據計算程序Version9或更新的版本Version8或更老的版本蒸餾曲線轉換方法ASTMD86至實沸點(Trueboilingpoint)EdmisterEdmister-Okamota

PMLD2887至TrueboilingpointAPI87API94TBPWT蒸餾曲線計算方法2023/1/15曲線處理選項初餾點(Initialboilingpoint)0.5%(缺省)終餾點(Finalboilingpoint)99%(default)外延方法Probability(缺省)Quadratic鋸齒段擬合方法Harwell(缺省)Hermite曲線處理選項在Components\PetroCharacterization\AnalysisOptions\AssayProcedure表上.蒸餾曲線計算方法(續(xù))2023/1/15虛擬組分從油品分析數據生成.你可以規(guī)定切割溫度或切割片段(窄餾份)的寬度.Components\PetroCharacterization\Generation\Cuts表上，規(guī)定切割溫度等.缺省值是40個切割點:TBPRange(F)100-800No.ofCutsIncrements(F)800-1200

1200-160028842550100切割溫度2023/1/15蒸餾曲線的切割2023/1/15虛擬組分性質

用Watson/UOP“K”和API關聯式估算：典型地 10<UOPK<13

此處 10.0表示芳烴含量很高 13.0表示烷烴含量很高

2023/1/15所生成虛擬組分的命名Components\PetroCharacterization\Generation規(guī)定命名選項自動生成的名稱可以是:實際計算出來的NBP(如:PC864F)沸程下限溫度(如:PC800F)沸程上限溫度(如:PC900F)用戶選擇的順序號(如:PC1,PC2…)用戶定義的名稱2023/1/15附加的ASSAY組分數據可選的性質曲線:輕端組分分析(light-endsmatching)比重或者API重度曲線WatsonUOPK曲線分子量曲線性質曲線(多于30種性質)絕對&動力粘度曲線如果輸入油品整體性質，單獨的曲線數值被歸一到整體性質.可以應用用戶性質曲線2023/1/15Assays組分的用戶性質曲線在表格Properties\Advanced\UserProperties上，建立用戶性質曲線.在表格中激活AssayCurveproperties選項在表格Component\Assay/Blend\PropertyCurve上，輸入用戶性質曲線的數據。對于高度非線性調和現象，如馬達法辛烷值，建議使用用戶調和子程序。2023/1/15性質曲線的流股計算 性質曲線被切割為與虛擬組分同樣多的片段。為每一個片段計算出平均的性質數值流股的性質數值由虛擬組分以及它們在流股中的濃度做調和計算得出計算虛擬組分混合物的性質，有各種調和計算選項。2023/1/15石油性質的調和石油性質調和方法:標準體積(StdVol)摩爾(Mole)質量(Mass)用戶(User)用于性質計算的用戶調和子程序：用戶子程序名稱為BLDPPU.“調和選項”可以規(guī)定.性質可以外延與否.在Components\

PetroCharacterization\AnalysisOptions\BlendOptions\上，調和規(guī)則可以修改。2023/1/15Assay(石油)數據庫軟件內置的Assay數據庫，包含194種石油的分析數據,其中有:

-來自Phillips石油數據庫的10種石油

-來自文獻的184種石油

在ComponentSpecifications\Petroleum表，查找Assay庫文件。和PhillipsPetroleum石油分析數據庫的接口，其中收集了超過250種石油的數據*需要與PhillipsPetroleum簽訂License協議。2023/1/15Assay(石油)數據庫每一種石油至少提供如下信息:餾程分析重度和/或重度曲線某些石油有附加的性質曲線:苯胺點閃點 凝固點硫含量金屬含量硫醇研究法/馬達法辛烷值烷烴環(huán)烷烴芳烴雷諾蒸汽壓2023/1/15訪問Assay數據庫

2023/1/15創(chuàng)建Blends組分通過規(guī)定blend中每個assay的百分數，由assay創(chuàng)建blend.調和可以是Mole,Mass,或

StdVol基準.要創(chuàng)建一個blend，至少規(guī)定2個assay組分.一個blend中的assay的數量沒有上限.報告中的蒸餾曲線為:ASTMD86ASTMD1160Vacuum(liquidvolume)2023/1/15輸入Blend組分1. 在數據瀏覽器DataBrowser,選擇組分Components,然后選擇Assay-Blend.2. IntheAssay-Blend目標管理器,創(chuàng)建一個blend并且提供名稱(ID).3. 在Mixture\Specifications表上，輸入各assay組分的調和分數.虛擬組分將在模擬計算之初自動生成.2023/1/15Blend組分之Mixture\Specifications表2023/1/15Assay/Blend結果Assay/blend的計算結果可以在表格Components\Assay-BlendResults查看.每一個assay或blend組分有自己單獨的結果表格(resultsform).

2023/1/15Generation\Cuts表格2023/1/15虛擬組分的生成缺省情況,一套完整的虛擬組分由輸入的所有assay組分生成.在表格Components\PetroCharacterization\Generation\Specifications上，用戶可以規(guī)定生成虛擬組分時，包括/不包括特別的assay.只有在表格Generation\Specifications上選出的assays和blends，才用于生成虛擬組分。在表格Generation\Specifications上未選用的Assaysorblends，將不被使用，它們的IDs不在流股輸入表格上顯示.2023/1/15虛擬組分命名虛擬組分的命名約定計算出的沸點(例如：PC125,PC136,…)規(guī)定起始編號切割溫度上限(例如：將225-250F窄餾份命名為PC250)切割溫度下限(例如：將225-250F窄餾份命名為PC225)用戶定義的名稱列表在表格Components\

PetroCharacterization\Generation\NamingOptions上，規(guī)定命名約定.如果你要將AspenPlus生成的虛擬組分與反應器或者分離模塊關聯，應使用用戶定義的名稱列表。2023/1/15Generation\NamingOptions表格2023/1/151. 在表格Components\Specifications\Selection上，

輸入組分IDs并且選擇Pseudocomponent類型。2. 在表格Components\Pseudocomponents\Specifications上,至少提供下列參數中的兩個：正常沸點NBP,重度Gravity(Specificgravity,APIgravity,orLiquiddensity),分子量MolecularweightAspenPlus可以估算第3性質.3.可選地,輸入與溫度相關的性質數據:液相粘度Liquidviscosity水溶解度Watersolubility飽和蒸汽壓Vaporpressure定義用戶虛擬組分2023/1/15虛擬組分規(guī)定表格2023/1/15虛擬組分物性方法方法名稱描述API-METHCOAL-LIQLKAPI-TWUAPIprocedureCorrelationsforcoal-liquidfractionsLeeKeslercorrelationsAPIprocedurewithTwucorrelationsforcriticalpropertiesASPEN(default)APIprocedurewithAspenmodifications注意: 不要將虛擬組分物性方法與流程模擬物性方法混淆，前者只是用于虛擬組分石油性質參數的計算。2023/1/15虛擬組分計算結果生成的虛擬組分在表格Components\PetroCharacterization\Results上瀏覽檢查。2023/1/15表格AnalysisOptions\AssayProcedure2023/1/15石油性質模型基本的虛擬組分性質模型分子量MolecularWeight臨界溫度CriticalTemperature臨界壓力CriticalPressure臨界體積CriticalVolume偏心因子AccentricFactor飽和蒸汽壓VaporPressure液相摩爾體積LiquidMolarVolume水溶解度WaterSolubility粘度Viscosity基本的虛擬組分性質模型可以在表格Components\PetroCharacterization\PropertiesMethods\Basic上修改。2023/1/15石油性質模型(續(xù))虛擬組分熱力學性質模型理想氣體熱容IdealGasHeatCapacity汽化焓EnthalpyofVaporization標準生成焓StandardEnthalpyofFormation標準生成自由能StandardFreeEnergyofFormation基本的虛擬組分性質模型可以在表格Components\PetroCharacterization\PropertiesMethods\Thermodynamic上修改.2023/1/15石油性質模型(續(xù))虛擬組分狀態(tài)方程(EOS)性質模型RKSInteractionParametersBWROrientationParameterBWRCriticalTemperatureBWRCriticalVolume基本的虛擬組分性質模型可以在表格Components\PetroCharacterization\PropertiesMethods\EOS上修改.2023/1/15石油交互作用參數虛擬組分與下列常規(guī)組分的交互作用參數Kijs:H2SN2CO2COH2CH42023/1/15物性方法的修改用戶可以建立自己的虛擬組分石油性質方法.各種性質的計算模型可以改變.大多數虛擬組分性質可以應用子程序.在線幫助中有每一種性質方法的簡要說明2023/1/15流程模擬計算在流程模擬計算期間,不區(qū)分虛擬組分和真實組分.產品流股中的虛擬組分調和在一起，并且生成蒸餾曲線產品終餾點(即D8695%point)或者初餾點(D865%point)可以規(guī)定為單元操作的性能指標：塔內部的設計規(guī)定用于其它單元操作的外部設計規(guī)定2023/1/15檢查蒸餾塔各產品之間的分離效果(重疊度)2023/1/15

PetroleumPropertiesandPropertySets

Objective:BecomefamiliarwithpetroleumpropertiesandlearntheuseofstreamanalysisAspenPlus

References:

UserGuide,Chapter32,PetroleumAssaysandPseudocomponentsPetroleumPropertiesReidvaporpressureAPIandspecificgravityWatsonUOPKfactorAnilinepointPourpointFlashpointCetanenumberCarbontohydrogenratioGrossheatingvalue2023/1/15PetroleumProperties(Continued)MeanandvolumeaverageboilingpointHydrateformationpressureandtemperatureRefractiveindexLiquidviscosityindexD86temperaturesat(0,5,10,…95%)D1160temperaturesat(0,5,10,…95%)D2887temperaturesat(0,5,10,…95%)TBPtemperaturesVacuumtemperatures2023/1/15PetroleumProperties(Continued)Properties(curves)fromAssayAnalysisPointsAniline,cloud,flash,freeze,smokeContentsAromatic,olefin,paraffin,naphthalene,mercaptanC,H,O,NImpurities:S,V,Fe,NiIndices:Antiknock,vaporknock,refractive,warm-upNumbers:MotorandresearchoctaneLuminometerViscosityGenerallyinputcurvesforassaystogeneratethesecurvesforproductstreamsisneeded.2023/1/15DistillationCurvesVolumeandweightbasisASTMD86ASTMD1160ASTMD2887(weightpercentonly)VacuumTBPAPIGravityGravityMW2023/1/15PropertySetsApropertyset(Prop-Set)isawayofaccessingacollection,orset,ofpropertiesasanobjectwithauser-givenname.Onlythenameofthepropertysetisreferencedwhenusingthepropertiesinanapplication.Usepropertysetstoreportthermodynamic,transport,andotherpropertyvalues.Currentpropertysetapplicationsinclude:Designspecifications,Fortranblocks,sensitivityStreamreportsPhysicalpropertytables(PropertyAnalysis)Trayproperties(RadFrac,PetroFrac,etc.)Heating/coolingcurves(Flash2,MHeatX,etc.)2023/1/15PropertiesincludedinProp-SetsPropertiescommonlyincludedinpropertysetsinclude:API -APIgravitySGSTD -Standardspecificgravity(60F,1atm)REIDVP -ReidvaporpressureD86T -D86temperatureMUMX -ViscosityAvailablepropertiesinclude:ThermodynamicpropertiesofcomponentsinamixturePurecomponentthermodynamicpropertiesTransportpropertiesElectrolytepropertiesPetroleum-relatedpropertiesReference:AspenPlusPhysicalPropertyDataReferenceManual,Chapter4,PropertySetshasacompletelistofpropertiesthatcanbeincludedinapropertyset.2023/1/15DefiningPropertySetsSpecificationsforapropertysetinclude:PropertynameandunitsTemperatureandpressureatwhichtocalculateIncludeorexcludewaterphasequalifier(V,L,L1,L2,T,S)2023/1/15SpecifyingPropertySetsUsethePropertiesProp-Sets

form

tospecifypropertiesinapropertyset.TheSearchbuttoncanbeusedtosearchforaproperty.Allspecifiedqualifiersapplytoeachpropertyspecified,whereapplicable.UserscandefinenewpropertiesonthePropertiesAdvancedUser-Properties

formbyprovidingaFortransubroutine.2023/1/15PredefinedPropertySetsSomesimulationTemplatescontainpredefinedpropertysets.ThefollowingtablelistspredefinedpropertysetsandthetypesofpropertiestheycontainfortheGeneralTemplate:2023/1/15PredefinedPetroleumProp-Sets

(Continued)

PredefinedProp-SetswiththePetroleumApplicationtemplate:PREDEFINEDPROPERTYSETTYPESOFPROPERTIESCUTS-EVolumetricflowrateofpetroleumcutsat100FintervalsD86-5ASTMD86temperatureat5%liquidvolumedistilled

D86-95ASTMD86temperatureat95%liquidvolumedistilledGAS-PROPSCompressibility,volumetricflowrate,heatcapacityratio

KINVISCLiquidkinematicviscosityat100Fand212F

LIGHTPetroleumcharacteristicsforlightdistillates

MIDDLEPetroleumcharacteristicsformiddledistillates

PETROVolumetricflowrate,gravity,WatsonK,distillationcurves

TBP-5Trueboilingpointtemp.at5%liquidvolumedistilled

TBP-95Trueboilingpointtemp.at95%liquidvolumedistilled2023/1/15PetroleumProp-SetsMostpetroleumpropertiesarecalculatedfrominputpropertycurves.Somepetroleumpropertiesarecalculatedfromcorrelations(FLSH-API,POUR-API)Propertiesareaccessedandusedinexactlythesamewayasotherprop-setproperties2023/1/15StreamResultsOptionsOntheSetupReportOptionsStreamsheet,use:FlowBasisandFractionBasischeck-boxestospecifyhowstreamcompositionisreportedPropertySetsbuttontospecifynamesofpropertysetscontainingadditionalpropertiestobereportedforeachstream2023/1/15Prop-setsDiscussion1.Givetworeasonsthatapropertysetisneeded.2.Howdoyoudefineapropertyset?3.Auserdefinedaprop-setforviscosityandthenranthesimulation.Afterthesimulationwascomplete,heopenedthestreamresults.Tohissurprise,hedidnotseeviscosity.Whathappened?2023/1/15

PetroFrac

Objective:IntroducethefeaturesofthePetroFracmodelanditsuseinsimulatingacrudetowerAspenPlus

References:

UnitOperationModelsReferenceManual,Chapter4,ColumnsCharacteristicsofRefiningProcessWideboilingrangefluidsLargetemperaturegradientsalongcolumnMostfluidcompositionsareunknownbuttheirdistillationanalysisisknownThreephasewithfreewaterSidestrippersandpumparoundsPetroleumspecificphysicalpropertiesHighdegreeofheatintegrationMetalandsulfurcontents2023/1/15PetroleumRefiningApplicationsPetroFracisadistillationmodelspecificallydesignedforpetroleumrefiningapplications:preflashtowercrudeunitvacuumunitvacuumlubefractionatorFCCmainfractionatordelayedcokermainfractionatorquenchtower/primaryfractionator

2023/1/15PetroFracFeaturesIntegrationoffurnace,column,sidestripperandpumparoundADA/PCSforassayinput,crudeblendandbreakdownConversionbetweendifferentASTMcurvesUserspecificationofcutsPetroleumorientedspecificationsTrayandpackingsizingandratingOtherfeaturesInitializationandconvergence2023/1/15ExampleCrudeTowerGASDECANTWATERNAPHTHAJETFUELKEROSENEDIESEL

GASOILRESIDCRUDEFEEDSTEAM2023/1/15PetroFrac-ConnectivityVaporDistillateBottomsFeedsFeedsOverflashPumparoundPumparoundStripperBottomsLiqReturnSideProductsOverheadLiquidDistillateWaterDistillateFeedHeatBottomStageorReboilerHeatDutyTopStageorCond.HeatDutyHeatorReboiler

HeatDutySteamFeed2023/1/15PetroFrac-FlowsheetConnectivityAnynumberofpumparoundsandsidestrippersSteamorreboilerstrippersStripperhotliquidreturnMultiplefeedstostrippersTotalpumparoundandproductdrawoffsInterstagewaterdecantersHeatstreamsforpumparoundcoolersPseudostreams2023/1/15PetroFrac-ModelSpecificationsSetupform(required)

Numberofstages

CondenserandReboiler

Distillaterate,Bottomsrate,Condenserduty, Reboilerduty,orRefluxRatioFeed/Product(required)

Feedconvention:furnace,on-stage,above-stagePres-Profile(required)PumparoundsStrippers2023/1/15PetroFrac-PumparoundSpecificationsDrawandreturnstagelocations(required)Fortotaldrawoffs,specifyoneofthefollowing:returntemperaturetemperaturechange(negativeifcooled)duty(negativeifcooled)

Forpartialdrawoffs,specifyliquidflowrate

andoneoftheabove.2023/1/15PetroFrac-SideStripperSpecificationsStageNumberForeachstripper,thetraysarenumberedfromtoptobottomstartingwithstage1.SteamStripperSpecifyingasteam-to-productratiowilloverridethesteamflowrate.ReboilerStripperSpecifyareboilerduty.2023/1/15PetroFrac-SideStripperConventionsLiquiddrawalwaysgoestothestrippertopstage.

VaporalwaysreturnstothemaincolumnOtherSpecificationsAfractionofthestripperbottomscanbereturnedtothemaincolumnMultipledrawoffsfromdifferentstagesasfeedstothesamestripperareallowed2023/1/15PetroFrac-OtherSpecificationsSteamtoproductflowratio(mass)FeedoverflashFurnaceoutlettemperatureLiquidrunbackfromastageASTMtempsandgapsPetroleumproperties(RVP,flashpoint,pourpoint,etc…)MurphreeefficiencyMultiplepropertyoptionspecificationsFreewatercalcsinthecondenseroronalltraysBlocksPetroFracPropertiesformtospecifyinternalstagescheckedforfreewater-condenserischeckedautomaticallyTray/packing2023/1/15PetroFrac-DesignSpecificationsMeetproductpropertybyvarying:strippingsteamflowrate/reboilerdutyproductflowratepumparoundflowrateorreturntemperaturefurnacetemperatureMeetaparticularstagetemperaturebyvarying:furnaceoutlettemperaturepumparoundflowrateorreturntemperature Meetproductflowratebyvarying:furnaceoutlettemperature2023/1/15PetroFrac-DefinitionsRunbackLiquidflowratefromastagetoalowerstage,equivalenttostageliquidflowratelesssidedrawsTheRunbackformisusedtospecifytherunbackfromastage.ThemanipulatedvariableisthepumparounddutyorflowrateLiquidFlowInPetroFrac,stageliquidflowreportedinthetrayprofileisthesumofrunback,sidedraw,andpumparound.InRadFrac,stageliquidflowexcludesanysideproductdrawandpumparound.2023/1/15OutsideLoopPhysicalProperties(ai,KB,HV,HL)InsideLoopcmi=cmioutyi=KixiSxi=1.0,S

yi=1.0SHiin=SHioutl,v,x,y,L=S

li,V=Svi

TInsideloopsolvedbyNewtonmethodwithorwithoutlog-legPetroFrac-ConvergenceSum-Ratesvariantoftheinside-outalgorithm2023/1/15PetroFrac-ConvergenceAlgorithm:sum-ratesvariantoftheinside-out

Initialization:designedforrefiningapplication

Toenhanceconvergence:providecolumn/strippertemperatureestimatesvaryconvergencedampingfactorstoenhancestabilitychangedesignspecifications

2023/1/15PetroFrac-Summary1. PetroFraccombinesFurnace,Column,Pumparound,andSidestripperintoonemodelwhichmakesthesimulationeasytosetupandconverge.2. Feedcharacteristicscanbeuserinputorfromtheassaylibrary.3. Multiplefeedscanbeblendedtocreateafeedmixture.4. Additionalpropertiesofaparticularproductcanbereportedbyaddingpropertysets.5. Runbackfromastageistheliquidflowrateleavingthestageandenteringthestagebelow.Runbackandliquidflowcanbedifferent.6. Mostcrudetowersdonothaveareboileratthebottom.Eitherthebottomsteamrateorthefurnacedutyisvariedtomeettheenergyrequirement(energybalance).

2023/1/15PetroFrac-Discussion1. RadFracandMultiFracca