市場營銷第十五章市場需要英文

ChapterFifteenMarketDemandFromIndividualtoMarketDemandFunctionsThinkofaneconomycontainingnconsumers,denotedbyi=1,…,n.Consumeri’sordinarydemandfunctionforcommodityjis

FromIndividualtoMarketDemandFunctionsWhenallconsumersareprice-takers,themarketdemandfunctionforcommodityjis

FromIndividualtoMarketDemandFunctionsp1p1p1201535p1’p1”p1’p1”p1’p1”The“horizontalsum”

ofthedemandcurves

ofindividualsAandB.ElasticitiesElasticitymeasuresthe“sensitivity”ofonevariablewithrespecttoanother.TheelasticityofvariableXwithrespecttovariableYisOwn-PriceElasticityofDemandQ:Whynotjustusetheslopeofademandcurvetomeasurethesensitivityofquantitydemandedtoachangeinacommodity’sownprice?A:Becausethevalueofsensitivitythendependsuponthe(arbitrary)unitsofmeasurementusedforquantitydemanded.ArcandPointElasticitiesAn“average”own-priceelasticityofdemandforcommodityioveranintervalofvaluesforpiisanarc-elasticity,usuallycomputedbyamid-pointformula.Elasticitycomputedforasinglevalueofpiisapointelasticity.ArcOwn-PriceElasticitypiXi*pi’pi’+hpi’-hWhatisthe“average”own-price

elasticityofdemandforprices

inanintervalcenteredonpi’?ArcOwn-PriceElasticitypiXi*pi’pi’+hpi’-hWhatisthe“average”own-price

elasticityofdemandforprices

inanintervalcenteredonpi’?PointOwn-PriceElasticitypiXi*pi’pi’+hpi’-hWhatistheown-priceelasticity

ofdemandinaverysmallinterval

ofpricescenteredonpi’?Ash?0,PointOwn-PriceElasticitypiXi*pi’Whatistheown-priceelasticityofdemandinaverysmallintervalofpricescenteredonpi’?istheelasticityatthepointPointOwn-PriceElasticityE.g.Supposepi=a-bXi.ThenXi=(a-pi)/bandTherefore,PointOwn-PriceElasticitypiXi*api=a-bXi*a/ba/2a/2bPointOwn-PriceElasticitypiXi*api=a-bXi*a/ba/2a/2bown-priceelasticown-priceinelastic(own-priceunitelastic)PointOwn-PriceElasticityE.g.ThensoPointOwn-PriceElasticitypiXi*everywherealong

thedemandcurve.RevenueandOwn-PriceElasticityofDemandIfraisingacommodity’spricecauseslittle(alotof)decreaseinquantitydemanded,thensellers’revenuesrise.Henceown-priceinelastic(elastic)demandcausessellers’revenuestorise(drop)aspricerises.RevenueandOwn-PriceElasticityofDemandSellers’revenueisSoRevenueandOwn-PriceElasticityofDemandsoifthenandachangetopricedoesnotaltersellers’revenue.RevenueandOwn-PriceElasticityofDemandbutifthenandapriceincreaseraisessellers’revenue.RevenueandOwn-PriceElasticityofDemandAndifthenandapriceincreasereducessellers’’

revenue.MarginalRevenueandOwn-PriceElasticityofDemandAseller’smarginalrevenueistherateatwhichrevenuechangeswiththenumberofunitssoldbytheseller.MarginalRevenueandOwn-PriceElasticityofDemandp(q)denotestheseller’sinversedemandfunction;i.e.thepriceatwhichthesellercansellqunits.ThensoMarginalRevenueandOwn-PriceElasticityofDemandandsoMarginalRevenueandOwn-PriceElasticityofDemandIfthenIfthenIfthenMarginalRevenueandOwn-PriceElasticityofDemandAnexamplewithlinearinversedemand.ThenandMarginalRevenueandOwn-PriceElasticityofDemandaa/bpqa/2bMarginalRevenueandOwn-PriceElasticityofDemandaa/bpqa/2bq$a/ba/2bR(q)謝謝謝12月月-2208:34:2608:3408:3412月月-2212月月-2208:3408:3408:34:2612月月-2212月月-2208:34:262022/12/318:34:269、靜夜夜四無無鄰，，荒居居舊業(yè)業(yè)貧。。。12月月-2212月月-22Saturday,December31,202210、雨中黃葉葉樹，燈下下白頭人。。。08:34:2608:34:2608:3412/31/20228:34:26AM11、以我獨獨沈久，，愧君相相見頻。。。12月-2208:34:2608:34Dec-2231-Dec-2212、故人江海別別，幾度隔山山川。。08:34:2608:34:2608:34Saturday,December31,202213、乍見見翻疑疑夢，，相悲悲各問問年。。。12月月-2212月月-2208:34:2608:34:26December31,202214、他他鄉(xiāng)鄉(xiāng)生生白白發(fā)發(fā)，，舊舊國國見見青青山山。。。。31十十二二月月20228:34:26上上午午08:34:2612月月-2215、比比不不了了得得就就不不比比，，得得不不到到的的就就不不要要。。。。。十二二月月228:34上上午午12月月-2208:34December31,202216、行動出出成果，，工作出出財富。。。2022/12/318:34:2608:34:2631December202217、做前，，能夠環(huán)環(huán)視四周周；做時時，你只只能或者者最好沿沿著以腳腳為起點點的射線線向前。。。8:34:26上午午8:34上午午08:34:2612月-229、沒有有失敗敗，只只有暫暫時停停止成成功??！。12月月-2212月月-22Saturday,December31,202210、很多事情情努力了未未必有結(jié)果果，但是不不努力卻什什么改變也也沒有。。。08:34:2608:34:2608:3412/31/20228:34:26AM11、成功就是日日復(fù)一日那一一點點小小努努力的積累。。。12月-2208:34:2608:34Dec-2231-Dec-2212、世間成事事，不求其其絕對圓滿滿，留一份份不足，可可得無限完完美。。08:34:2608:34:2608:34Saturday,December31,202213、不不知知香香積積寺寺，，數(shù)數(shù)里里入入云云峰峰。。。。12月月-2212月月-2208:34:2608:34:26December31,202214、意志堅堅強(qiáng)的人人能把世世界放在在手中像像泥塊一一樣任意意揉捏。。31十十二月20228:34:26上午午08:34:2612月-2215、楚塞三三湘接，，荊門九九派通。。。。十二月228:34上午午12月-2208:34December31,202216、少年年十五五二十十時，，步行行奪得得胡馬馬騎。。。2022/12/318:34:2608:34:2631December202217、空山山新雨雨后，，天氣氣晚來來秋。。。8:34:26上上午8:34上上午午08:34:2612月月-229、楊柳散和和風(fēng)，青山山澹吾慮。。。12月-2212月-22Saturday,December31,202210、閱讀一一切好書書如同和和過去最最杰出的的人談話話。08:34:2608:34:2608:3412/31/20228:34:26AM11、越是沒沒有本領(lǐng)領(lǐng)的就越越加自命命不凡。。12月-2208:34:2608:34Dec-2231-Dec-2212、越是無能的的人，越喜歡歡挑剔別人的的錯兒。08:34:2608:34:2608:34Saturday,December31,202213、知人人者智智，自自知者者明。。勝人人者有有力，，自勝勝者強(qiáng)強(qiáng)。12