小升初英語語法總結(jié)-講解與練習知識講解

小升初語法(yǔfǎ)總復習匯總第一頁，共64頁。分類一、名詞（可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞）二、人稱代詞三、冠詞四、動詞五、介詞(jiècí)六、數(shù)詞七、形容詞和副詞八、therebe結(jié)構九、句式1.肯定句2.否定句3.疑問句4.祈使句十、時態(tài)：1.一般現(xiàn)在時2.一般過去時3.現(xiàn)在進行(jìnxíng)時4.一般將來時十一、“wh”的特殊疑問句第二頁，共64頁。一、名詞(míngcí)名詞(míngcí)（表示人和事物名稱的詞）專有名詞普通(pǔtōng)名詞特定的人、地方、機構等專有的名稱。第一個字母通常要大寫。e.g.JimGreen，NewYork，BankofChina，PekingUniversity星期、月份、節(jié)日、學科、報刊名也是專有名詞。個體名詞——表示某類人或東西中的個體，如：student,desk集體名詞——表示若干個體組成的集合體，如：class,family物質(zhì)名詞——表示無法分為個體的物質(zhì)名稱，如：water,rice,sand，hair抽象名詞——表示情感，狀態(tài)，品質(zhì)等抽象名稱，如：love，carelessness個體名詞和集體名詞多數(shù)可以用數(shù)目來計算，稱為可數(shù)名詞，有單、復數(shù)形式；物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞通常無法用數(shù)目計算，稱為不可數(shù)名詞，一般只有一種形式。第三頁，共64頁。英語語法中，只有可數(shù)名詞才有復數(shù)形式。名詞有兩種數(shù)的形式：1）單數(shù)（表示一個(yīɡè)人或事物）；2）復數(shù)（表示多于一個(yīɡè)的人或數(shù)）。名詞(míngcí)的數(shù)：可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞chicken(雞，一種動物)fish（魚，一種動物）anicecream（一個冰淇淋）atomatosalad（一種西紅柿沙拉）chicken（雞肉）fish（魚肉）icecream（冰淇淋這一類）salad（沙拉這一類）第四頁，共64頁。名詞(míngcí)復數(shù)形式的構成形式變化規(guī)則發(fā)音例詞一般情況+s1.清輔音結(jié)尾的名詞后[s]2.濁輔音結(jié)尾的名詞后[z]；3.元音結(jié)尾的名詞后[z];books,cups,catsdogs,birds,armsdays,players以-s,-sh,-ch,-x,-z結(jié)尾的名詞+es[iz]bus,brush,boxes,watch,大多數(shù)以-o結(jié)尾的有生命名詞+es[z]tomatoes,potatoes,heroes以o結(jié)尾的無生命名詞+s[z]radios,pianos,photos以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞把y改成i再加es[z]stories,families,babies以f和fe結(jié)尾的大多數(shù)名詞把f或fe改成v再加es[z]thieves,knives,wives第五頁，共64頁。不規(guī)則名詞(míngcí)的復數(shù)由元音字母的變化(biànhuà)構成：man-men,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,mouse-mice,woman-women2.有些名詞的復數(shù)形式與單數(shù)的形式一樣：sheep,deer,fish(但也可以是fishes)有些名詞變成復數(shù)時加-en:child-children,ox-oxen第六頁，共64頁。Practisepeach_________ 2.zoo_________3.glass_________ 4.fox_______5.lady_________ 6.policewoman_________7.house___________ 8.photo_________9.monkey__________ 10.wife__________11.rose____________ 12.path__________13.judge___________ 14.map___________peacheszoosglassesfoxesladiespolicewomenhousesphotosmonkeyswivesrosespathsjudgesmaps第七頁，共64頁。二、人稱(rénchēng)代詞和物主代人稱主格賓格復數(shù)形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞第一人稱ImeWeMyMine第二人稱youyouYouYouryours第三人稱She/he/ithimTheyHer/his/itsHers/his/its復數(shù)weus\ourours主格一般用在句子前面，賓格用在動詞(dòngcí)后面，IamLiLe.Callmelele.形容詞性物主代詞指“某人的什么”，mybook(我的書),yourpuppy.(你的小狗)名詞性人稱代詞指什么是“某人的”Thisbookismine.(這本書是我的)第八頁，共64頁。Practise_______(他)ismybrother.2.Ihadaletterfrom__________(她).3.It’sallright;it’sonly_________(我).4.Today________(我們(wǒmen))wentin_________(我們(wǒmen)的)car;tomorrow________(我們(wǒmen))aregoingin_________(他們的).5.________(我)lend_________(我的)booksgladlyto_______(我的)friendsandto________(你的).6.Canyouhelp_________(我)with________(我的)English.7.When________(你)gotosee_________(你的)father,pleasetakethesebooksto________(他).8.________(他們)found_______(它)difficulttolearnGerman.HehermeweourwetheirsImymyyoursmemyyouyourhimTheyit第九頁，共64頁。所有格所有格的形式(xíngshì)單數(shù)人稱名詞末尾加’s child-child’s以-s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)人稱名詞末尾加’s waitress-waitress’s不規(guī)則的復數(shù)人稱名詞末尾加’s children-children’s以-s結(jié)尾的復數(shù)人稱名詞末尾加’ girls-girls’以-s結(jié)尾的一些人名末尾加’s James-James’s下列情況一般用“of”結(jié)構：東西(沒有現(xiàn)成的復合名詞時):thebookofthefilm2.東西的一部分:thebottomofthebox3.抽象的概念:thepriceofsuccess4.當of短語中的名詞被另一個(yīɡè)短語或從句修飾時：Can’tyoulookatthebookoftheboybehindyou?雙重(shuāngchóng)第十頁，共64頁?！痵結(jié)構也可以用于“of”結(jié)構之后，如：afriendofmyfather’s,出現(xiàn)這種情況是因為在一個名詞前通常(tōngcháng)只用一個限定詞，又如：thissonofmine,afriendofyours,acousinofhers等等。Isn’tFrankafriendofyours?ThatsillyuncleofTom’shastoldmethesameJokefivetimes.第十一頁，共64頁。冠詞不定冠詞a,an定冠詞the只能用于單數(shù)(dānshù)可數(shù)名詞之前單數(shù)(dānshù)可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞零冠詞名詞(míngcí)前可不用冠詞第十二頁，共64頁。不定冠詞的用法：表示“一”，“任何一個”或“不管(bùguǎn)哪一個”的意思。Ihaveasisterandtwobrothers.2.在某些度量表示法中：WehavePElessonsthreetimesaweek.3.用在單數(shù)的表語名詞前，以表示職業(yè)、行業(yè)、宗教、等級等。Georgewantstobeanengineer.4.在以what引導的感嘆句中，單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞前。Whataprettygirl!5.一些常用短語中。haveagoodtime,halfanhour,haveaheadache….第十三頁，共64頁。定冠詞的用法：用來表示“獨一無二”的意思。Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.2.表示“說話的人剛剛(gānggāng)提到過的人或事物”。Thereisaboatintheriver.Theboatismadeofwood.3.用在后面跟有限定性介詞短語的名詞前。theletterfromAmerica,thefourteenthofApril4.用在泛指的樂器名詞前。Heplaysthepiano.5.一些常用短語。bytheway,inthemorning,What’sthematter?第十四頁，共64頁。零冠詞的用法(yònɡfǎ)：泛指的抽象名詞前。Lifeisveryhardforsomepeople.2.泛指的物質(zhì)名詞前。Waterisveryuseful.3.泛指的復數(shù)名詞前。Booksaremybestfriends.4.泛指的“餐”名前。Cometohavedinner/breakfastwithme.5.大多數(shù)的專有名詞前。HecomesfromFrance.6.語言的名詞前。ShecanspeakFrench.7.在季節(jié)和節(jié)日的名詞前。Winteristhebesttimeforskating.8.當名詞前已有一些代詞修飾時。Mybrotherisasoldier.9.在體育項目的名詞前。playbasketball10.一些常用短語。athome,gotoschool,atnight第十五頁，共64頁。1.Thereis_____notebookonmydesk.Iuse_____notebooktokeepadiary.2.Thereis______bottleonthetable._____waterinitissweet.3.Wang'smotheris______Englishteacher.Sheteachesin_____primaryschool.4.Chinais______ancientcountrywith_____longhistory.5.Chinahas_____populationof12hundredmillion._____Chinesepeopleare_____greatpeople.6.Hermotheris_____universityteacher.Sheis_____honestwoman.7.Noneof_____booksshouldbetakenoutof_____roomwithout_____permissionof_____librarian.8._____Partyalwaysteachesustoworkfor_____peopleheartandsoul.9.Shestudiesat____No.3MiddleSchool.Shegoesto____schoolby____buseveryday.10.Myeldersisteris_____studentof_____English.Shestudiesat_____college.PractiseatheaTheantheanatheThe/aanthethethe/The/////aa第十六頁，共64頁。四、動詞(dòngcí)動詞主要表示動作，其次表示狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)，有時態(tài)、語態(tài)(yǔtài)、語氣等形式的變化。小學階段所涉及的動詞(dòngcí)主要有：實義動詞(dòngcí)、be動詞(dòngcí)、情態(tài)動詞(dòngcí)can,must等。第十七頁，共64頁。Be動詞(dòngcí)am,is,arewas,werebeen第十八頁，共64頁。Practise1.He________verygoodatEnglish.2.MyfatherandI________goingtoBeijingnextmonth.3.________youondutythedaybeforeyesterday?4.Mr.King________inLondontwoweeksago.5.There________manykindsofanimalsinthezoo.6.What________thedateyesterday?7.Look!Alittlegirl________flyingakite.8.Who________notatschoollastMonday?9.Haveyouever________toJapan?10.I______notanurse.Iworkasadoctor.isareWerewasarewasiswasbeenam第十九頁，共64頁。動詞的基本(jīběn)形式原形第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞studystudiesstudiedstudiedstudyingdodoesdiddonedoinghavehashadhadhavinglearnlearnslearned/learntlearned/learntlearning第二十頁，共64頁。第三人稱(dìsānrénchēnɡ)單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式情況變化規(guī)則例詞一般情況+sworks,learns,eats,needs,says結(jié)尾為s,x,sh,ch,o+espasses,washes,teaches,goes,fixes結(jié)尾為輔音字母+y變y為i+escarries,studies,flies,hurries,cries動詞be和have的第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)式分別是is和has。第二十一頁，共64頁。動詞(dòngcí)的過去式

構成例詞讀音在動詞后加ed在以e結(jié)尾的動詞后加ed在以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞后，先變y為i再加ed在重讀閉音節(jié)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾而末尾只有一個輔音字母時，須雙寫這個輔音字母再加ed在清輔音后讀[t]lookedwashedpassedhopedlikedstoppeddropped在元音和濁輔音后讀[d]stayedcalledlivedstudiedtriedcarriedplannedpreferred在輔音[t]、[d]后讀[id]tastedneededadmittedpermitted第二十二頁，共64頁。現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)分詞情況變化規(guī)則例詞一般情況+ingdoing,asking,helping以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞去e加inghaving,taking,writing,living以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾而末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞雙寫最后一個輔音字母，再加ingrunning,swimming,putting,sitting第二十三頁，共64頁。原形第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式過去式現(xiàn)在分詞have

givegetread

sweepplay

carry

hashadhavinggivesgavegivinggetsgotgettingreadsreadreadingsweepssweptsweepingplaysplayedplayingcarriescarriedcarryingPractise第二十四頁，共64頁。五、動詞(dòngcí)的時態(tài)動詞時態(tài)是表示動作或狀態(tài)(zhuàngtài)發(fā)生或存在的時間和表示方式的一種動詞形式。小學(xiǎoxué)階段所學的時態(tài)有：一般現(xiàn)在時：work/works2.現(xiàn)在進行時：am/is/areworking3.一般過去時：worked4.一般將來時：am/is/aregoingtowork第二十五頁，共64頁。一般現(xiàn)在時基本用法介紹(jièshào)一般現(xiàn)在時的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：Theskyisblue.天空是藍色的。2.表示經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。常與時間副詞連用：always,often,usually,every…,onSundays,twiceaweek等。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我天天六點起床。3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。一般(yībān)現(xiàn)在時第二十六頁，共64頁。一般(yībān)現(xiàn)在時基本(jīběn)結(jié)構肯定句否定句一般疑問句Iwork.Wework.Idon’twork.Wedon’twork.DoIwork?Dowework?Youwork.Youdon’twork.Doyouwork?Theywork.Theydon’twork.Dotheywork?SheHeworks.ItSheHedoesn’twork.ItsheDoeshework?it第二十七頁，共64頁。一、寫出下列動詞(dòngcí)的第三人稱單數(shù)

drink______go_______stay____make______

look______have_______pass_____carry____二、用括號內(nèi)動詞(dòngcí)的適當形式填空。

1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.

2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.

3.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.

4.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.

5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?

6._______yourparents______(read)newspaperseveryday?

7.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.

8.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening。第二十八頁，共64頁。三、按照要求改寫句子

1.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改為否定句)

___________________________________________________

2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答(huídá))

________________________________________________________

3.Shelikesmilk.(改為一般疑問句，作肯定回答(huídá))

___________________________

4.Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改為否定句)

___________________________________________________

四、改錯(劃出錯誤的地方，將正確的寫在橫線上)

1.Is

yourbrotherspeakEnglish?

__________________

2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?

_________________

3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass.

_________________

4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish.

__________________

5.Shedon’tdoherhomeworkonSundays._______________第二十九頁，共64頁?，F(xiàn)在(xiànzài)進行時通常表示說話時或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生或進行著的動作。它所表示的動作具有持續(xù)性、暫時性和未完成性。常見的與現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)進行時有關的詞有：now,thesedays,look,listen等。基本(jīběn)結(jié)構肯定句否定句一般疑問句Iamworking.Weareworking.I’mnotworking.We’renotworking.AmIworking?Areweworking?Youareworking.Youaren’tworking.Areyouworking?Theyareworking.Theyaren’tworking.Aretheyworking?SheHeisworking.ItSheHeisn’tworking.ItsheIsheworking?it第三十頁，共64頁。動詞加ing的變化規(guī)則1．一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2．以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting3．假如末尾是一個(yīɡè)元音字母和一個(yīɡè)輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing如：run-running,stop-stopping第三十一頁，共64頁?，F(xiàn)在進行時專項練習：

一、寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：

run_______swim_______make______begin______

go________like________

write______shop______have______sing

______dance______put________see_______love_______live_______take________come_____

get_______stop_______sit________

二、用所給的動詞的正確(zhèngquè)形式填空：

1.Theboy_________________(draw)apicturenow.

2.Listen.Somegirls_____(sing)intheclassroom.

3.Mymother________(cook)somenicefood

now.

4.What_____you______(do)now?

5.Look.They__________(have)anEnglishlesson.

第三十二頁，共64頁。三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換(zhuǎnhuàn)：

1.Theyaredoinghousework.(分別改成一般疑問句和否定句)

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

2．Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑問句并作肯定和否定回答)

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________第三十三頁，共64頁。一般(yībān)過去時通常表示(biǎoshì)過去某一時間所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，其中也包括習慣性動作。常與表示(biǎoshì)過去的時間狀語連用：yesterday,last…,…ago,justnow,in1998等。基本(jīběn)結(jié)構肯定句否定句一般疑問句Iworked.Weworked.Ididn’twork.Wedidn’twork.DidIwork?Didwework?Youworked.Youdidn’twork.Didyouwork?Theyworked.Theydidn’twork.Didtheywork?SheHeworked.ItSheHedidn’twork.ItsheDidhework?it第三十四頁，共64頁。動詞過去式變化規(guī)則：1．一般在動詞末尾加-ed，如：work--worked,

2．結(jié)尾是e加d，如：live--lived3．末尾只有一個元音字母(zìmǔ)和一個輔音字母(zìmǔ)的重讀閉音節(jié)，應雙寫末尾的輔音字母(zìmǔ)，再加-如：stop-stopped

4．以“輔音字母(zìmǔ)y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i，再加-ed，如：study-studied第三十五頁，共64頁。5．不規(guī)則動詞(dòngcí)過去式：

am、is-was,are-were,do-didsee-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-gotgo-went,come-came,have-had,eat-atetake-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,swim-swam,sit-sat第三十六頁，共64頁。一、

用動詞的適當(shìdàng)形式填空

1.It______(be)Ben’sbirthdaylastFriday.

2.Weall______(have)agoodtimelastnight.

3.He________(jump)highonlastSportsDay.

4.Helen________(milk)acowonFriday.

5.Shelikes______newspapers,butshe_____abookyesterday.(read)

6._______they________(sweep)theflooronSunday?No,they_____.

7.I_______(watch)acartoononMonday.第三十七頁，共64頁。一般(yībān)將來時表示將來發(fā)生的動作(dòngzuò)或情況。常與一些表示將來的時間狀語連用：tomorrow,next…,Begoingtodo表示主體現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)硪瞿呈拢灰部梢员硎尽邦A見”，即現(xiàn)在已有跡象表明將要發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生某種情況。基本(jīběn)結(jié)構肯定句否定句一般疑問句I’mgoingtowork.We’regoingtowork.I’mnotgoingtowork.Wearen’tgoingtowork.AmIgoingtowork?Arewegoingtowork?You’regoingtowork.Youaren’tgoingtowork.Areyougoingtowork?They’regoingtowork.Theyaren’tgoingtowork.Aretheygoingtowork?SheHeisgoingtowork.ItSheHeisn’tgoingtowork.ItsheIshegoingtowork?it第三十八頁，共64頁。練習：填空。1.

我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_____________________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.

I________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.2.

下個星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打籃球。

What________________________________________nextMonday?I__________________playbasketball.（同義句3.你媽媽這個周末去購物嗎？是，她要去買一些(yīxiē)水果。

_____yourmother_________goshoppingthis_______?Yes,she_________.She________________________buysomefruit.4.你們打算什么時候見面。

Whattime______you______________meet?第三十九頁，共64頁。

1.

Todayisasunnyday.We__(have)apicnicthisafternoon.

2.

Mybrother_________(go)toShanghainextweek.

3.Tomoften______________(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He______________(go)toschoolbybike.

4.

Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually________(watch)TVand___________(catch)insects?

5.It’sFridaytoday.What_____she_________(do)thisweekend?She_________(watch)TVand__________(catch)insects.

用所給詞的適當形式(xíngshì)填空第四十頁，共64頁。Peter________(play)basketballtwiceaweek.2.Doyoubelievewhathe________(say)justnow?3.Look!Thelazycat____________(sleep)inthesofa.4.There_______(be)abookandtwopensonthedesk.5.

_____you_______________(see)afilmtomorrowmorning?6.She____________(notplay)theguitaratthemoment.7.What______hisfatherusually_______(do)intheevening?8.They______________(have)ameetingnextweek,aren'tthey?9.BothheandI________(be)teachers.10.I___________(notfeel)verywellyesterday.11.Heputonhiscoatand_________(go)out.12.LeiFengoften____________(help)othersandhewashelpful.NextSunday,we___________________(clean)upthepark.14.Hurry!Yourmother____________(wait)foryouattheschoolgate.summaryplayssaidissleepingisAregoingtoseeisn’tplayingdoesdoaregoingtohavearedidn’tfeelwenthelpsaregoingtocleaniswaiting第四十一頁，共64頁。六、介詞(jiècí)介詞在句子中表示名詞或代詞等與其他詞之間的關系(guānxì)。不能單獨作句子成分，常位于名詞或代詞（或與之相當?shù)钠渌~類、短語、從句）前面構成介詞短語。介詞后面的成分作介詞的賓語。方位(fāngwèi)介詞in,on,at,under,to,behind,beside,near,before,infrontof,nextto,between時間介詞in,on,at,after,before,from…to,past,between

其它of,by,with,into,outof,for,

第四十二頁，共64頁。Practise1.Look_____thepicture.It'spicture___myschool.

2.Thereisaschoolbuilding____myschool.Ithasfivefloors.______theschoolbuilding,thereisabigplayground.________school,thechildrenalwaysplayballgamesthere.

3.Myclassroomis____thefifthfloor.It'sbigandclean.

4.MissLiisourclassteacher.Shecomes______schoolearlyeverymorning.Shecomes____bicycle.Thenshedoesmorningexercises______us.Shelikessports.Tomorrowisherbirthday.Wewillmakeacard___her.Weloveherverymuch.5.Therearesomeapples_____thetree.atofinNearAfterontobywithforon第四十三頁，共64頁。七、數(shù)詞(shùcí)表示數(shù)目的詞稱為(chēnɡwéi)基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目順序的詞稱為(chēnɡwéi)序數(shù)詞1—12的基數(shù)(jīshù)詞：one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve13—19的基數(shù)(jīshù)詞：thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen20—90的基數(shù)(jīshù)詞：twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety21—29的基數(shù)(jīshù)：twenty-one,twenty-two,twenty-three,twenty-four,twenty-five,twenty-six,twenty-seven,twenty-eight,twenty-ninethirty-nine,forty-eight,fifty-seven….-teen-ty十位數(shù)和個位數(shù)之間要加連字符號“-”第四十四頁，共64頁。2.百位數(shù)：onehundred,twohundred,threehundred,fourhundred…fivehundredandeight-six,sixhundredandninety-nine,sevenhundredandeight,eighthundredandone3.千位數(shù)：onethousand,fourthousand,seventhousandonehundredandfive百位數(shù)和十位數(shù)之間加and。注意(zhùyì)英語中沒有“萬”這個(zhège)單位，所以常用thousand來表示。tenthousand,thirtythousand,fifteenthousandonehundred,fivehundredandonethousandfourhundredandthirty-two第四十五頁，共64頁。英語序數(shù)詞第1-19除了first,second與third有特殊形式外，其余的都由基數(shù)詞加后綴-th構成。注意：fifth,eighth,ninth和twelfth的拼法。2.十位數(shù)的序數(shù)詞的構成方法是：先把十位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞的詞尾ty中的y變?yōu)閕，然后加后綴-eth,如：twenty—twentieth,forty—fortieth3.十位數(shù)的序數(shù)詞如果含有1-9的個位數(shù)時，十位數(shù)用基數(shù)詞，個位數(shù)用序數(shù)詞，中間用“-”連字符。如：twenty-fourth,ninety-fifth4.百、千、萬等的序數(shù)詞由hundred,thousand,million等加-th,前面(qiánmian)加有關的基數(shù)詞構成。如：onehundredth,onethousandth注意：序數(shù)詞前的one不能用a代替。onehundredandtwenty-first第四十六頁，共64頁。Practise1.Thereare____daysinayear.

A.threehundredssixty-fiveB.threehundredsandsixty-fiveC.threehundredandsixty-fiveD.threehundredandsixtyfive

2.______peoplevisitthismuseumeveryday.

A.HundredB.HundredsC.HundredofD.Hundredsof

3.Therearetwo_____peopleinthemeetingroom.

A.hundredB.hundredsC.hundredsofD.hundredof

4.____treeshavebeenplantedinourschoolinthepast10years.

A.ThousandsofB.TwothousandsC.ThousandofD.Twothousandof

5.Mybrotherisin____.

A.ThreeClass,OneGradeB.ClassThree,GradeOneC.GradeOne,ClassThreeD.classthree,gradeone

6.Wearegoingtolearn___thisterm.

A.booksixB.sixbookC.thebooksixD.BookSix7.Wecansaythenumber78,645inEnglishlikethis____.A.seventy-eightthousandandsixhundredandforty-fiveB.seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandfortyfiveC.seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandforty-fiveD.seventyeightthousandsixhundredandforty-five

CDAABDC第四十七頁，共64頁。八、形容詞和副詞(fùcí)形容詞是用來(yònɡlái)描寫或修飾名詞（或代詞）的詞。副詞是用來修飾動詞(dòngcí)、形容詞、其他副詞以及全句的詞。Heisagood

student.2.Thefilmisvery

interesting.3.Thereissomethingwrongwiththebike.4.Lucyisolder

thanHelen.Theproblemisverydifficult.2.Hewrotetheletterscarefully.1.方式副詞：carefully,quickly,suddenly…2.地點副詞：here,there,up,down…3.時間副詞：yesterday,today,now…4.程度副詞：very,quite,much,just…第四十八頁，共64頁。形容詞和副詞(fùcí)的比較級和最高級情況比較級最高級一般情況+er,

如：taller,longer,faster,sooner+est,

如：tallest,longest,fastest,soonest以e結(jié)尾的詞+r,如：later,nicer,larger+st,如：latest,nicest,largest以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞雙寫最后一個字母，再+er,如:bigger,fatter雙寫最后一個字母，再+est，如：biggest,fattest以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞把y改為i再+er,

如：busier,earlier把y改為i再+est,

如：busiest,earliest大部分多音節(jié)詞在前面加more,如：morecareful,morewonderfully在前面加most,如：mostcareful,mostwonderfully不規(guī)則的詞：good/well,many/much,farbettermorefarther/furtherbestmostfarthest/further第四十九頁，共64頁。比較級的用法(yònɡfǎ)1.用來把彼此獨立的事和人進行比較，表示“比……更……一些”的意思，通常用一個由從屬連詞than引導的狀語從句來表示和什么相比。為了避免重復，從句中有些(yǒuxiē)成分可以省略。如：HelenistallerthanLucy.HegotmoreinformationthanIdid.HerunsfasterthanI.2.如果我們(wǒmen)要說兩個東西在某一方面是一樣的，我們(wǒmen)就可以用“as+形容詞/副詞+as”,形容詞不用比較級而用原級。在作否定比較時，可以用notas…as…,notso…as…,也可以用less…than…，如：Jimmyisastallashisfather.Idon’twriteas/sowellasHelen.Thisfilmislessinterestingthanthatone.第五十頁，共64頁。比較級的用法(yònɡfǎ)3.為了表示持續(xù)不斷(bùduàn)的變化，我們可以用“雙重比較”的方法，這種結(jié)構后面不可跟than引導的比較狀語從句。如：Heiscryingharderandharder.Ourcountrygetsmoreandmorebeautiful.Computersaregettingsmallerandsmaller,andcomputingfasterandfaster.4.表示兩個變化是一起(yīqǐ)發(fā)生的，可以把比較級形式和the一起(yīqǐ)用，表示“越……，就越……”的意思。如：Thehigherthemountainis,thethinnertheairis.Theearlieryoustart,thesooneryouwillbeback.第五十一頁，共64頁。一、寫出下列形容詞或副詞的比較級

short________

strong______

big_____

small_______

fat_________

thin_________

heavy____

light________

nice________

good_______

beautiful_______________

low_________

high________

slow_______

fast________

late_________

early________

far_________well_______

二、根據(jù)句意填入單詞的正確(zhèngquè)形式：

1.Mybrotheristwoyears__________(old)thanme.

2.Tomisas________(fat)asJim.

3.Isyoursister__________(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.

4.Whois___________(thin),youorHelen?Helenis.第五十二頁，共64頁。5.______Nancysing_____(well)thanHelen?Yes,she___.

6.Fangfangisnotas____(tall)astheothergirls.7.Myeyesare__________(big)than_____(she)8.Whogetsup_________(early),TimorTom?

9._____thegirlsgetup______(early)thantheboys?No,they______.第五十三頁，共64頁。三、翻譯句子：

1、誰比Jim年紀(niánjì)大？是你。

_______is_______thanJim？

______are.

2.我喜歡游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。

Ilike___.Allmy____

____

_____thanme.3、誰的鉛筆更長，他的還是她的？我想是她的。

________pencilis_________,______or________？________is,Ithink.

4.我母親比我父親年紀(niánjì)小。

My_____

_____

______thanmy______.5.多做運動，你會更強壯。

____moreexercise,andyou’ll____

____soon.

第五十四頁，共64頁。Practise1.Shanghaiis________thanBeijing.Itis____________cityinourcountry.(large)2.Billisn’tas______asMike.Tomis______thanMike.Whois________ofthethreeboys?(old)3.Marydrawsas______asBill,andsheismuch_______thanhimatsinging.(well,good)4.Springiscoming.Theweatherisgetting________and_________.(warm)5.Tom,JonandIboughtacomputereachlastweek.John’scomputerismuch____________thanTom’sandmine.Itis_________________ofthethree.(expensive)6.Itisalittle__________todaythanyesterday.(wet)7.MrsBrownismuch________thanshewastwoyearsago.(healthy)8.Whichdoyoulike_________,basketball,volleyball,orfootball?(well)largerthelargestoldoldertheoldestwellbetterwarmerwarmermoreexpensivethemostexpensivewetterhealthierbest第五十五頁，共64頁。Therebe的結(jié)構(jiégòu)肯定句：Thereis/wasa…Thereare/were…一般(yībān)疑問句:Is/Wasthere…?Yes,thereis/was.No,thereisn’t/was.Arethere…?Yes,thereare/were.No,therearen’t/weren’t.否定句：Thereisn’t/wasn’t….Therearen’t/weren’t….Therebe表示“存在有”,即當我們告訴某人某事存在(或不存在)常用這種結(jié)構。其中there是引導詞,本身無詞義;be為謂語動詞,后面跟的是名詞(míngcí),也就是主語,也就是說therebe結(jié)構的運用也就是倒裝的具體運用。其真正的主語在therebe之后。第五十六頁，共64頁。Therebe的結(jié)構(jiégòu)Some和any一般(yībān)情況下，some用于肯定句中，any用于否定句中。如：Thereissomemilkinthebottle.Therearen’tanypicturesonthewall.Isthereanythingnewintoday’snewspaper?3.特殊(tèshū)疑問句：What’sinthebasket?Therearesomeeggsinit.2)Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?Therearefiftystudents.2.Be動詞與后面所跟名詞的就近原則：

Thereisapenandtwopencilsinthebox.Therearesomestudentsandateacherintheclassroom.第五十七頁，共64頁。Fillintheblankwith“have,has”or“thereis,thereare”1.I________agoodfatherandagoodmother.2.____________atelescopeonthedesk.3.He_________atape-recorder.4.____________abasketballintheplayground.5.She__________somedresses.

第五十八頁，共64頁。Practise1．There________

noteainthecup．

A．is

B．a(chǎn)re

C．has

D．be2．There

________inthenextroom．

A．isTom

B．a(chǎn)resomeboysC．a(chǎn)rethey

D．istheboy3．Thereissome

________

ontheplate．

A．a(chǎn)pple

B．bread

C．banana

D．sandwich4．There________

somepaperandapenonthedesk．

A．is

B．a(chǎn)re

C．have

D．has5．There'sgoingto________

intomorrow'snewspapers．

A．havesomethingnew

B．havenewsomething

C．besomethingnew

D．benewsomething6．Thereissomemilkinthebottle，________？

A．isn'tthere

B．a(chǎn)ren'tthere

C．isn'tit