醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法

ByWangLanying

ForeignLanguageDepartmentTheFormationofMedialVocabulary1

ACourseofLearningEnglishforMedicalPurposesI.Target1.Masteringmedicallanguage:vocabularyanddiscourselevellearning2.Practicalapplicationofmedicalcommunication:speakingandwritingwithML2I.Target3.NurturethesenseofstylisticresearchII.Methodology

1.Acquiretheknowledgeofwordformation2.Understandthemedicallanguagetraitsthroughreading3.Observeandsummarizethestylisticfeatures4.Activeandenergeticlearningundertheteacher’sguide3III.CourseArrangement1.72Teachingperiods,4/week2.EightUnitsthisterm3.Requiredcourseandexam4.Termachievements:basedonassignments,quiz,classresponse,andfinalexamdynamically4Davi-EllenChambersays:Studyingmedicalwordsisverysimilartolearninganewlanguage.ThewordsatfirstsoundstrangeandcomplicatedalthoughtheymaystandforcommonlyknownEnglishterms.Thewordsgastralgia,meaning“stomachache”,andophthalmologist,meaning‘eyedoctor’,areexamples.Themedicallanguageisfascinatinglylogicalinthateachterm,complexorsimple,canbebrokendownintoitsbasiccomponentpartsandthenunderstood.Whatismedicallanguage?5BasicelementsofmedicalwordsMostmedicalwordsaremadefromacombinationofthefollowingelements:thepartofthewordthatweshallcallthebase(root/stem)becauseitcontainsthemostfundamentalmeaningofthatword,prefixesandsuffixes,andvowels(o/a)thatjoinalltheseparts.Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis(45letters)6Pneumono-ultra-microscopic-silico-volcano-coniosis粉塵病火山硅/矽超顯微的肺的Itdevelopsonlyafteryearsofexposuretolowlevelsofsilicadust.[醫(yī)]硅酸鹽沉著病,矽肺病Symptomsincludehyperventilation,coughing,dysphonia(發(fā)聲困難),anorexia(厭食),chestpainandincreasedsusceptibilitytotuberculosis7Threemajorobjectivestokeepinmindasyoustudymedicalterminology.Toanalyzewordsstructurally.Learntodividewordsintobasicelementssuchasroots,suffixes,prefixes,combiningvowels,andcombiningforms.

gastr/o/enter/o/logyrootrootsuffixCombiningform8Electr/o/cardi/o/gramrootrootrootcombiningvowelcombiningvowel心電圖92.Tocorrelateanunderstandingofwordelementswiththebasicanatomy,physiology,anddiseaseprocessesofthehumanbody.Suchashemat/o/logymeansthestudyoftheblood.3.Tobecontinuallyawareofspellingandpronunciationproblems.Hepatoma:tumoroftheliver肝細(xì)胞瘤Hematoma:bloodtumor血腫10OncologyNephrologyNeurologyGastroenterologyNephritisHepatitisBronchitisCarcinomaHematomahepatomaanatomy:processofcuttingupgastrectomy:removalofthestomacharthrotomy:incisionofajointleukemiaanemiaerythremiaLeukocytosis白細(xì)胞增多Necrosis壞死Erythrocytosis紅細(xì)胞增多TheRolesofPronunciation11MedicalTerminologySystemsOrgansTissuesCellsEndocrinesyst.Reproductivesyst.MasteryofMedicalWords12OrgansTissuesCells13DistributionofvocabularyinmedicalliteratureEssentialvoc.Popularsciencevoc.Medicalterms14The2ndcategory(15%):hepatitis,appendicitis,encephalopathy,immunodeficiencysyndromeThe3rdcategory(15%):distill,dilute,dissolve,filtration,magnetization,dynamics,meteorology,pigmentationThe1stcategory70%:comment,investigate,studyDistributionofvocabulary15Combiningformsprefixessuffixescyt/o:cellderm/o:skinbi/o:lifeaden/o:glandarthr/o:jointnephr/o:kidneyhepat/o:liverleuk/o:whiteoste/o:boneepi-:abovemulti-:manypoly-:manyex-:outendo-:insidetrans-:acrosshyper-:excessivehypo-:deficient-emia:bloodcondition-ectomy:excision-gram:record-cyte:cell-scope:instrumentfrovisuallyexam-itis:inflammation-ist:personspecializedin-logy:processofstudy-oma:tumor-osis:abnormalcondition-tomy:cutting16HowtoimproveyourwordpowerI.ConversionII.derivativeIII.Compoundingopportunist條件致病菌physiology/-ist/-gicasymptomaticantivirusradioimmunoelectrophoresis放射免疫電泳（后綴）透入17I.Conversionhost大批、許多、東道主、主持人、宿主sympatheticblock交感神經(jīng)阻滯術(shù)sympatheticnerve交感神經(jīng)cell隱士的小屋，巢室，電池，小修道院

capsule小盒子，航天艙，膠囊藥,被膜reservoir貯主(zhu)toprotecttracheafromcollapsingtheuncompromisedhostspace–occupyinglesionopportunisticinfectionTargettherapy18II.DerivativeAtypicalAsymptomaticAntivirusAntigenAntibodyIntercostalIntercellulartricuspid

MuscularPhysiological/physiologicallyMicroscopic/microscopicallyImmunoreactivityImmunoreactantImmunologictoleranceimmunomodulation19

Prefix:

ir-il-im-mis-irregularityirresistableillegal,illiterateimmatureimmobileimmodestimmoralitymisbehaviormisleadmisfortunemisunderstand20PrefixDis/dys-dishonestdysphoniadisorderdyspneadiseasein-inexperiencedinsufficiencyinadequateinactivated21none-nonsmokernonelectrolytenonstresstestnonulcerdyspepsianonspecificimmunitynonsensemutationnonself非抽煙者非電解質(zhì)無(wú)應(yīng)激實(shí)驗(yàn)非潰瘍性消化不良非特異性免疫無(wú)義突變非自我的22un-unconditionedreflex非條件反射undifferentiatedcellleukemia未分化細(xì)胞白血病

unresolvedpneumonia未吸收肺炎u(yù)nsaturatedfattyacid不飽和脂肪酸unstableangina不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛

23Suffix:n.relianceresistanceexistencecoldnessconsciousnessdecisioncollisioninclusiontreatmentencouragementAdj.

generouscontinuousmiscellaneouscongenitalconspicuousscrupuloussimultaneouslyapparentlysubstantially

24ex-exclusionexcretionexhaleex-presidentex-wifeexclude排斥排泄呼氣前總統(tǒng)前妻排除在外25V.-en.(a.+en)whitenwidenfasten(tie)lengthenshortenworsenweakenbrightenlighten-aln.survivalrefusalarrivalproposalwithdrawalremoval(butnot:compose,compromise)26III.CompoundingImmunostimulant免疫興奮藥Polyneuropathy多神經(jīng)病Polyomavirus多瘤病毒syngenesiotransplantation同血統(tǒng)移植術(shù)Traumaticencephalopathy外傷性腦病27Cerebrospinal腦脊髓的Cerebrotomy腦切開術(shù)Cerebrovascular腦血管的Cardiomyopathy心肌病Cardiohepatic心肝的Cardioinhibitor心動(dòng)抑制藥Postnasaldrip后鼻滴注Postmenopausal絕經(jīng)后28Organrootcombiningwordsliver→hepato/a-hepatocarcinomalung

→pulmono-pulmonoaortickidney

→reno-/nephro-nephrotoxinheart

→cardio-cardiovalvularnerve→neuro-neurocytomaspleen

→splen(o)splenemia脾充血29brain→cerebro-cerebrovascularhead→cephal(o)cephalosporinP頭孢菌素Peye→ophthalm/ophthalmoscope檢眼鏡skin→dermo-dermopathy皮膚病ear→oto-otologychest→thorac/o-thoracolumbar30nose→

naso-

nasoantritis鼻上頜竇炎

throat→laryngo

laryngitis喉炎Pharynx→

Pharyng

pharyngectomy咽切除arteri/o→arteryarteriostenosis動(dòng)脈狹窄vaso

→vesselvasodilation31描述人體器官方位：Anterior→anteriorbandofcolon結(jié)腸前帶posterior

→posteriorteeth后牙superior→superiorvenacava上腔靜脈inferior

→inferiorthyroidartery甲狀腺下動(dòng)脈32interbetweeninteratrial房間的IntrainsideintracellularEndointra-endocarditisPolymany,muchpolyarthritisMultimany,muchmulticuspid多尖的Hyperhigh,extrahypertension

33hypo-low,lesshypotensionhomo-samehomolateral同側(cè)的homografthetero-differentheteroantigen異種抗原dys-abnormal

dysplasia發(fā)育不良

dyspnea呼吸困難dysphonia發(fā)聲困難34counter-againstcountercurrent逆流countertransport反向轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)

psycho-mental

psychologypsychiatryelectro-electricity

electrosynthesis

staphyl/o-葡萄、懸雍垂

staphylotoxin葡萄球菌毒素staphyloplasty懸雍垂成形術(shù)

35thrombo-血栓thrombolymphangitis血栓性淋巴管炎

thromboendocarditis血栓性心內(nèi)膜炎meningo-腦膜，腦脊膜meningoencephalomyelitis

腦脊膜腦脊髓炎

meningoencephalitis腦膜腦炎36radio-radiationradionuclideangiocardiography放射性核素心血管造影術(shù)immuno-immunityimmunosuppressionlympho-lymphoaticlymphocytopenia淋巴細(xì)胞減少

Strepto鏈球菌的

streptococcusstreptomycin37Osteo→boneosteocystoma骨囊瘤Lumb/o→lumbarlumbodynia腰痛lumbocostal腰肋的Syn-combining/togethersynchromism同步現(xiàn)象synchronizedsleep同步睡眠Tri-threetricuspidtriphosphate三磷酸鹽De-removaldehydration脫水deceleration減速

38Suffix:-itis

inflammationhepatitisbronchitisnephritiscolitisgastritisappendicitisotitisendocarditis

panarthritis多發(fā)性關(guān)節(jié)炎39-tomy(removal)splenectomyappendectomypharyngectomy-graphy（照像術(shù)）cephalography測(cè)顱術(shù)cardiography心動(dòng)描記法40-gramimagingcardiogram心動(dòng)圖

-scope(glass)ophthalmoscopestethoscopemicroscopetelescopemicroscopetelescope41-cyte(cell)leukocytemyocyte-coccus球菌staphylococci葡萄球菌meningococcipneumococci

streptococci42-logy(sciencePsychologyPathologyPharmacologydermology-istscientist