閱讀理解事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)

理解事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)考查考生對事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)的理解。是高考英語閱讀中占比重最大的一類題型。根據(jù)試題答案和文中信息的關(guān)系，我們又可以分為：語意轉(zhuǎn)換題：正確答案是用意義相同或相近的詞語來表達(dá)文中相應(yīng)的信息。信息歸納題：正確答案是精練的語言來概括原文中比較分散或比較復(fù)雜的信息。細(xì)節(jié)推斷題：根據(jù)文中提供的兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)信息點(diǎn)，進(jìn)行簡單的邏輯推理，得出正確答案。先后排序題：要求考生根據(jù)動作或事件發(fā)生的先后順序和句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行排序。提問方式這類題主要是針對who,what,which,why,how,when,where等來提問的。如：(1)Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/NOTtrue/false,accordingtothepassage?(2)Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)correct?

(3)Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingismentioned/notmentioned?(4)AllthefollowingstatementsarenottrueEXCEPT______.(5)AllthestatementsaretrueEXCEPT_____.(6)Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage?一般可以在文章中直接或間接找到答案，但是不可能與閱讀材料一模一樣，而是用不同的詞語或句型表達(dá)相同的意思。但正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)當(dāng)與主旨相關(guān)聯(lián)。解題技巧1.迅速定位，縮小范圍：通過尋讀法，用題干或選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞在文中搜尋，迅速確定相關(guān)詞句或信息點(diǎn)所在的位置，縮小閱讀范圍。題干和選項(xiàng)中可用來在文中搜索關(guān)鍵詞可能是專有名詞、數(shù)詞、實(shí)體名詞，以及這些詞的同義表達(dá)等。解題步驟2.理解其意，對照選項(xiàng)：在找到這些關(guān)鍵詞句后，要仔細(xì)閱讀，準(zhǔn)確理解，對照選項(xiàng)，看哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思與之最接近。3.排除干擾，選出答案：在作出選擇的過程中，要善于辨別真?zhèn)?，排除干擾，不斷縮小范圍，選出正確答案，這就是我們常說的排除法。解題步驟杜撰事實(shí)，無中生有。文中根本找不到任何相關(guān)信息，完全由命題人所捏造。偷梁換柱，以假亂真。采用原文中的句式和大部分詞匯，但換了個(gè)別詞，改變原意。半真半假，虛虛實(shí)實(shí)。干擾項(xiàng)與原文相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)部分相同，部分相悖。文不對題，濫竽充數(shù)。干擾項(xiàng)是原文中的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，但與題干要求不符。干擾項(xiàng)特征留意否定詞。如果題干中含有否定意義的詞語，如有NOT,EXCEPT,least,never等，要特別留心，不要理解錯(cuò)了，而選相反的答案。

。巧解排序題?？梢圆捎谩笆孜欢ㄎ环ā?，即先找出第一個(gè)動作和最后一個(gè)動作，迅速縮小范圍，快速選出正確答案。溫馨提示(1)Inthefirstcase,wherewedon’ttelltheclerk,acoupleofthingswouldhappen.Deepdowninsidewewouldknowourselvesasatypeofthief.Intheprocess,wewouldlosesomepeaceofmindandself-respect.Wewouldalsodemonstratethatwecannotbetrusted,sinceweadvertiseour-dishonorbytellingourfamilyandfriends.Wedamageourownreputationsbytellingothers.(2007廣東B)47.Theauthorthinksthatkeepingsilentabouttheunchargeditemisequalto________.

lying B.stealing C.cheating D.advertisingB(2)Howshouldoneinvestasumofmoneyinthesedaysofinflation(通貨膨脹)?Leftinabankitwillhardlykeepitsvalue,howeverhightheinterestrate.Onlyabraveman,oraveryrichone,darestobuyandsellontheStockMarket.Todayitseemsthatoneofthebestwaystoprotectyoursavings,andevenincreaseyourwealthistobuybeautifulobjectsfromthepast.HereIamgoingtooffersomeadviceoncollectingantiquedocks,whichIpersonallyconsiderareamongthemostinterestingofantiques.(2007廣東A)41.Accordingtothepassage,collectingantiqueclocks________.A.canhardlykeepthevalueofyoursavingsB.willcostmuchofyoursavingsC.mayincreaseyourwealthD.needsyourbraveryC(1)Inthe119thcenturyEnglandpeoplelikedtogototheseaside.Inthosedays,ladiesworelongbathingdresses,andmenworebathingsuits.Womendidnotwalkaboutonthebeachintheirbathingdresses.Theyhiredabathingmachine.Abathingmachinewasusedforchangingin,andfortakingthebatherdowntothesea.Itcost2pencetohireamachineandanattendant.Whenshehadpaid,thebatherclimbedupthebackstepsandgotintothebathingmachine.Thenshechangedintoherbathingdress.Whenshehadchanged,themachinewaspulleddowntothesea.Thebathingmachinestoppedinthewaterandthebatherwentdownthefrontstepsintothewater.Ifshedidn’twanttogetintothesea,theattendantpulledherin.

65.In19thcenturypeoplewhousedthebathingmachineusuallydidthefollowingthings.Whichistherightorderfordoingthem?Changingintobathingclothingb.Gettingoutofthebathingmachinec.Paying2penced.Gettingintothebathingmachinee.Beingtakendownthebeachf.Gettingintothewatere,d,a,b,f,c B.c,d,a,e,b,fC.c,d,e,a,b,f D.d,a,e,b,f,cB

(2)Fatandshy,BenSaunderswasthelastkidinhisclasspickedforanysportsteam…Itwasamountainbikehereceivedforhis15thbirthdaythatchangedhim.Atfirsthewentbikingaloneinanearbyforest.Thenhebegantoridethebikealongwitharunnerfriend.Gradually,Saunderssetuphismindonbuildinguphisbody,increasinghisspeedandstrength.Attheageof18,heranhisfirstmarathon.ThefollowingyearhemetJohnRidgwayandwashiredasaninstructoratRidgway’sschoolofadventureinScotland,wherehelearntaboutRidgway’scold-waterexploits.Greatlyinterested,SaundersreadallhecouldaboutNorthPoleexplorersandadventures,thedecidedthatthiswouldbehisfuture.In2001,afterbecomingaskillfulskier,Saundersstartedhisfirstlong-distanceexpeditiontowardstheNorthPole…andhe’sskiedmoreoftheNorthPolebyhimselfthananyotherBritishman.Hisoldplaymateswouldnotbelievethechange.

NextOctober,Saunders,27,headssouthfromthecoastofAntarcticatotheSouthPoleandback,a2900-kilometerjourneythathasneverbeencompletedonskis.2.WhichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderoftheeventsthathappenedtoSaunders?a.Heranhisfirstmarathon.b.HeskiedaloneintheNorthPole.c.Herodehisbikeinaforest.d.HeplannedanadventuretotheSouthPole.

Ａ.a-c-d-b B.c-d-a-b

C.a-c-b-d D.c-a-b-dD數(shù)字計(jì)算題如果問的內(nèi)容是由數(shù)字表示的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)，比如時(shí)間，價(jià)格，次數(shù)，人數(shù)等，答案往往要經(jīng)過計(jì)算才能回答，不要輕易從文中直接找出數(shù)字，文中直接出現(xiàn)的數(shù)據(jù)有可能只是其中之一，而要把文中出現(xiàn)的數(shù)字都要找到，確定它們之間的關(guān)系之后，再做出最后選擇，以免理解錯(cuò)誤。(1)ViewingPlatformPenguinPlus(+V)Morepersonalizedwildlifeviewinglimitedto130peopleprovidingcloserviewingofthepenguinarrivalthanthema