專升本考試輔導語法

一、動詞時態(tài)重要考點：完成時。過去完成時現(xiàn)在完成時將來完成時專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第1頁!一、用過去完成時的幾個典型情況：by+過去時間：bythen,uptothen,tillthen,By1988,scientistssurelyhaddiscoveredcureforthemoncold.

Itwasthefirst/second/lasttime+從句

Thiswasthesecondtimehehadbeenoutwithheralone.

注：itisthefirst/second/lasttimethat…用現(xiàn)在完成時。專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第2頁!固定結構：

hardly/scarcely/barely…when…;nosooner…than…

表示“剛剛就…，不等就…”。1.Shehadhardly(scarcely,barely)gonetobedwhenthebellrang.2.Nosoonerhadtheyleftthebuildingthanabombexploded.

注：主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第3頁!二、用將來完成時的典型情況：

by+將來時間Wewillhavemadeourcountryoneofthemediumdevelopedcountriesintheworldbytheyearof2050.BynextMonday,shewillhavestudiedhereforthreeyears.

專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第4頁!We_________intouchwitheachothersince2003.A.havekeptB.hadkeptC.keptD.keepEvenifit______thisafternoon,Iwillgothere.A.hasrainedB.willrainC.rainsD.willhaverained專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第5頁!It’sbeen5yearssincehe_________China.A.leftB.hadleftC.hasleftD.leavingBythetimeyougetback,greatchanges_______inthisarea.A.willtakeplaceB.willbetakenplaceC.aregoingtotakeplaceD.willhavetakenplace專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第6頁!二、語態(tài)重要考點：

被動語態(tài)。

及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)

專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第7頁!只能作為不及物的動詞和詞組：occur,happen,breakout,takeplace,etrue,beeareality1.May4thMovementtookplacein1919.2.Whendidtheaccidentoccur?專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第8頁!（2）need,require,want,deserve,beworth+doingMywatchneedsrepairing.Thisfilmisreallyworthseeing.Whosaidtheboydeservepunishing.（3）某些系動詞如：feel,prove,smell,taste,sound等形容詞，也是主動表被動意義。Thefoodtastesdelicious.Howsweettheseflowerssmell!專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第9頁!在主動語態(tài)中，感官動詞和使役動詞常跟不帶to的動詞不定式，但在被動語態(tài)中要有to。

1.

Isawherpassbythewindow.2.Shewasseentopassbythewindow.專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第10頁!“Theceremonyhasalreadystarted.”“Look!Theflagis____now.”

A)

beingraisedB)risenC)beingrisingD)raisingThefilm____thisSaturday.A)showsB)willshowC)istobeshownD)istoshow專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第11頁!三、強調句Itis…that…ItwasinGermany____Einsteinspenthischildhood.AwhereBwhichCthatDwhenItwasnotuntilshearrivedinclass____realizedshehadforgottenherbook.AandsheBsheCwhenDthatshe

專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第12頁!2、為了避免句子部分重復，常用倒裝。

即so(neither,nor)+be動詞（助動詞，情態(tài)動詞）+主語，表示“也…”。

Myfatherisanengineer;soismyhusband.Janedidn’tattendmyclass;nordidTom.注意：如表示贊同別人的陳述，so后面的部分不倒裝。---Janeisagoodswimmer.---Sosheis.專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第13頁!

1.Ifitwerenecessary,Imightresign.→2.Ifyouhadinformedmeearlier,Iwouldn’thavesignedthecontract.→3.IfIshouldhavetime,Iwouldcallonher.→專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第14頁!Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.Bynomeanscanwecreateordestroyenergy.專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第15頁!比較結構中的省略：Weoftenadvisehimnottodrinkmorewine____isgoodforhishealth.A.asB.thatC.thanD.but專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第16頁!比較級慣用法：MorethanMore…than…與其說…不如說Nomorethan至多Nolessthan至少專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第17頁!特殊情況：1)Mymother,aswellasmyfather,hasakeytotheoffice.2)ThemantogetherwithhiswifeandchildrensitstherewatchingTV.某些詞語構成的短語出現(xiàn)在主語中心詞之后，謂語仍和前面的主語保持一致。例如：aswellas,with,alongwith,like,togetherwith,ratherthan,except,but,including,plus,besides,inadditionto,nolessthan，

專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第18頁!七、非謂語動詞不定式

分詞動名詞參見B級相關語法專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第19頁!

后面接sb.+todo:advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,challenge,encourage,expect(要求),forbid,hire,invite,order,permit,persuade,remind,require,teach,tell,want,warn;固定詞組，作獨立成分：tobehonest,tobeginwith,tocutalongstoryshort,toget(back)tothepoint,toputitanotherway,totellthetruth;專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第20頁!Theoldmanforgothowtogethomeafterhelefttheshop.Theleaderconcernedtoldthenewsreportersfranklythathedidnotknowwhom_______fortheaccidentcausedbyfakewine.A.isblameB.toblameC.blamesD.willblame專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第21頁!有些動詞后面加不帶to的動詞不定式：hadbetter,wouldrather,may/mightaswell,can’thelpbut

專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第22頁!

并不是所有的to都是動詞不定式。下面的to是介詞，以下是固定搭配。attribute…to（歸因于)apply…to（致力于）accustom…to(使習慣于)confine…to(限于…范圍內)dedicate…to（奉獻）prefer…to（喜歡）Owe…to（歸功于）專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第23頁!besimilarto（類似）beloyalto（忠于）besuperiorto（優(yōu)于、勝過）answerto（回答、答復）

keyto（解答，關鍵）Accordingto（根據(jù)，按照）Asto（關于）Thanksto（由于，多虧）Inadditionto（除…之外）專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第24頁!

七（二）現(xiàn)在分詞

現(xiàn)在分詞的形式跟動名詞一樣:-ing過去分詞的形式:-ed.現(xiàn)在分詞表示“主動”、“進行”。過去分詞表示“被動”、“完成”。主動語態(tài)：doing（一般式），

havingdone（完成式）被動語態(tài)：beingdone（一般式）,havingbeendone（完成式）專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第25頁!下列結構后面通常接ing形式:

haveahardtimedoing…h(huán)avedifficulty(in)doing…h(huán)avetrouble（in）doing…h(huán)avefun(in)doing…thereisnopoint(in)doing…takerisks(in)doing…takepleasure(in)doing…takepride(in)doing…專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第26頁!分詞獨立結構分詞的邏輯主語與謂語動詞主語不一致時，分詞必須有自己的主語。這種帶主語的分詞結構叫做分詞的獨立結構。獨立主格選擇題的特點：

句中兩個部分各有主語，之間用逗號分開，中間沒有任何連接詞。專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第27頁!懸垂分詞是一種具有獨立性的分詞，在句中做狀語時，它的邏輯主語不必與句子主語保持一致。Regarding…,Concerning…,Judgingfrom…,Considering…,Generallyspeaking…,Admitting(that)…,專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第28頁!分詞練習：

Allflights_________becauseofthesnowstorm,wedecidedtotakethetrain.A.werebeingcanceledB.havingcanceledC.hadbeencanceledD.havingbeencanceled專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第29頁!Allthings____,theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.A)consideredB)beconsideredC)consideringD)havingconsidered專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第30頁!____,amanwhoexpresseshimselfeffectivelyissuretosucceedmorerapidlythanamanwhosemandoflanguageispoor.A)OtherthingsbeingequalB)WereotherthingsequalC)TobeequaltootherthingsD)Otherthingstobeequal專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第31頁!It____nowprettylate,wetookourthingstoourroom.A)isB)beingC)turnedD)got專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第32頁!Thelab____nextyearwillbemoreadvancedthantheoldone.A)builtB)tobebuiltC)beingbuiltD)tobuild專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第33頁!Iforgot____herthatmycoatbuttonsneedtobesewnon.A.remindingB.havingremindedC.toremindD.tohaveremindedAsweapproachedthevillagewesawmanynewhouses___________.A.builtB.buildC.beingbuiltD.building專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第34頁!與過去事實相反條件從句：IfI(we,you,he,she,it,they)had+過去分詞結果主句：I(we,you,he,it,they)+would+have+過去分詞Ifwehadleftearlier,wewouldn’thavemissedthetrain.專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第35頁!總結：總結：If從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反一般過去時/wereWould/should/could/might+動原與過去事實相反過去完成時Would/should/could/might+have+過去分詞與將來事實相反或將來不可可能實現(xiàn)一般過去時或should/wereto+動原Would/should/could/might+動原專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第36頁!衍生句型：Itis+V-ed+that從句：Itissuggestedthat…（should)+動詞原形Itisinsistedthat…Itisrequestedthat…Itisremendedthat…Itisproposedthat…Itisrequiredthat…Itisadvisedthat…Itisorderedthat…專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第37頁!表示“請求、建議”等動詞構成的名詞后面的同位語從句，用虛擬語氣。suggestion,advice,decision,desire,order,idea,proposal,request,resolution,request,remendation,requirement,

1.Hisdesireisthathe(should)visittheGreatWallsomeday.2.Wemadethesuggestionthatsuchdevice(should)bedesignedandproducedwithoutdelay.專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第38頁!虛擬語氣的特殊句型：2.wouldrather+that從句hadrather+that從句wouldsooner+that從句

“寧愿做什么”，從句用一般過去時或過去完成時。專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第39頁!2.Wemuststopnow.Itistimewe____home.A)havegoneB)aregoingC)wentD)willgo專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第40頁!Itwasessentialthattheapplicationform____backbeforethedeadline.A)mustbesentB)besentC)wouldbesentD)weresent專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第41頁!九、定語從句只用that不用which的情況：當先行詞是all,something,nothing等不定代詞；或先行詞前有first,last,only,few,much,some,any,no等修飾時；或先行詞前有形容詞最高級修飾時。

Ihaveexplainedeverything(that)Icandotoyou.Thisisthemostbeautifulcampus(that)I’veeverbeento.專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第42頁!關系代詞可以做介詞的賓語，that不可以，只能是which或whom。

Thisistheringonwhichshespent$1,000.I’llneverforgetthemountainvillagewhere(inwhich)Ispentmychildhood.Idon’tknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)hedidthat.

專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第43頁!時態(tài)練習：David___thegolfclubfor2years.A.hasjoinedB.hasbeenC.joinedD.hasbeeninYesterdaywhenweleft,they___ameeting.A.werehavingB.haveC.arehavingD.hadIfit___nextSunday,wewon’tgotothepark.A.rainsB.rainC.rainingD.willrain專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第44頁!Whenwearrivedattheairport,weweretoldourflight_______.A.hadbeencancelledB.hadcancelledC.hasbeencancelledD.cancelled3.Hisgrandfather___forquitesomeyears.A.haddiedB.hasbeendiedC.hasbeendeadD.isdeath專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第45頁!He_____inasmallworkshop,butnowheistheheadofabigbusinesspany.A.usedtoworkingB.wasusedtoworkC.usedtoworkD.wasusedtoworkingMygrandpa_________rurallife.A.hasusedtoB.usedtoC.isusedtoD.usesto專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第46頁!形式：be+donewillbedonehave/hadbeendonebebeingdone1.Hewashitbyacaryesterday.2.Anoticewillbeputuponthewall.3.Thatimportantproblemhasbeendiscussedfornearlytwoweeks.4.Anewlakeisbeingbuiltinthepark.專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第47頁!用主動結構表示被動含義的情況：

（1）read,write,wash,cook,keep,open,sell等常和well,easily,smoothly等連用，用主動形式表示被動意義。1.Theclothwasheswell.2.Inhotweather,meatwon’tkeeplong.專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第48頁!（4）某些作表語的形容詞后，用不定式主動形式表示被動意義。

1.Heishardtoplease.2.Thearticleisdifficulttounderstand.sth.+be+easy/hard/difficult+todo專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第49頁!語態(tài)練習：Theanti-JapaneseWar____in1937.

A)

brokeoutB)wasbrokenoutC)hadbrokenoutD)washappenedThework____bythetimeyougethere.A)wouldhavebeendoneB)willhavebeendoneC)wouldhavedoneD)hasbeendone專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第50頁!TheUnitedKingdom____GreatBritainandNorthernIreland.A.consistedofB.isconsistedofC.consistsofD.consistTherearemorethanfiftyproposals___attheconference.A.discussedB.tobediscussedC.discussingD.havingdiscussed專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第51頁!四、倒裝1、當否定詞置于句首時，主謂倒裝。否定詞有：Never,not,nowhere,little,seldom,Hardly,scarcely,rarely,Notonly,nolonger,notuntil,Innoway,bynomeans,onnoaccount,In/undernocircumstances,innocase,專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第52頁!3、條件句中有were,had,should,could時,可以省略if，把were/had/should/could放在主語前。Ifhehadstudiedmore,hewouldhavebeenabletopasstheexam.

→Hadhestudiedmore,hewouldhavebeenabletopasstheexam.專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第53頁!

4、only+狀語放在句首時。

OnlythendidtheynoticethatSusanwassittinginthedark.5、當so…that或such…that結構中的so/such放在句首時。

Sobeautifulisthesceneryofmyhometownthateachyearitattractsthousandsoftourists.專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第54頁!五、比較結構表達方式原級的表達：as…as,notso/as…as比較級的比較范圍通過than表達。最高級的比較范圍通過among,of,in等表達。1.ofthetwoT-shirts,Ichosethelessexpensive.專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第55頁!比較結構中的替代：By2011,productionintheareaisexpectedtodouble_____of2010.A.thatB.itC.oneD.what專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第56頁!六、主謂一致就近原則：由or,neither…nor,either…or,notonly…butalso等連接的并列主語。1)Eitherheoryoulikeplayingfootball.2)Eitheryouorhelikesplayingfootball.therebe結構1)ThereisaspeakerandmanystudentsinRoomA209.2)TherearemanystudentsandaspeakerinRoomA209.專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第57頁!

由morethanone…或者manya…作主語，表示“許多”，但謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。1)Morethanonestudenthaspassedtheexamination.2)Manyaboylearnstoswimbeforehecanread.“oneof+復數(shù)名詞＋定語從句”：復數(shù)。“theonlyoneof+復數(shù)名詞＋定語從句”：單數(shù)1)SheisoneoftheengineerswhoaregoodatEnglish.2)SheistheonlyoneoftheengineerswhoisgoodatEnglish.

專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第58頁!七(一）不定式后面+todo的動詞:(后面接不定式做賓語）

afford,agree,ask,choose,claim,decide,desire,determine,expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,decline,seek,swear,wish,aim,long,strive,tend,fail,think,threaten,care,hate,prepare,undertake,help,want,hesitate,propose,plan,seem;專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第59頁!動詞+how/what/where/which/when/why+todo有些動詞后面跟不定式時，不定式前需要加疑問詞，如how,when,why,where,whether,which等。

這些動詞有：know,wonder,findout,guess,discuss等。專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第60頁!在“名詞（代詞）+be+easy(difficult,fit)+不定式”結構中，有時盡管句中主語是動作的承受者，不定式在意義上是被動的，形式上卻是主動的。Thebookisdifficulttoread.Thepathiseasytofind.

（參見被動語態(tài)部分）專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第61頁!donothingbut/except…doanything/everythingbut/except…1.mysistercoulddonothingelsebutreadbooks.

當but/except前沒有do時，后面則接todosth2.Ihadnochoicebuttogowithhim.注：有do沒to,沒do有to.專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第62頁!

beaccustomedto（慣于）beusedto（習慣于，適應于）bedevotedto（致力于）lookforwardto（盼望）

專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第63頁!固定搭配練習：1.Youmustaccustomyourselfto___(get)upearly.2.Wearelookingforwardto_____(see)youagain.3.Heusedto_____(smoke)apipe.

專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第64頁!下列結構后面通常接ing形式：

itisnouse+doingsth.itisnogood+doingsth.itisnohelp+doingsth.Itisnotworth+doingsth.

it作形式主語，動名詞做真正的主語。

但在itisofnouse后面則用動詞不定式。例如：Itisofnousetocryoverspiltmilk.

專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第65頁!后面加doing的常見動詞有：avoid,admit,delay,enjoy,risk,finish,mind,miss,imagine,suggest,keep,deny,postpone,appreciate,giveup,beopposedto,putoff,devote…to,feellike,lookforwardto,beaccustomedto,beusedto,objectto,can’thelp,專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第66頁!分詞的獨立結構例句：

Nightfalling,wehurriedhome.=Whenthenightfell,…(表時間）Thetrainbeinglate,wemissedourplane.=Becausethetrainwaslate,…(表原因）Weatherpermitting,we’llhavethematchtomorrow.=Ifweatherpermits,…(表條件）專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第67頁!Judgingfromthenumberofcars,therewerenotmanyguestsintherestaurant.

從汽車的數(shù)量來看，飯店里的人不多。

Consideringhisage,hedidagoodjob.

就他的年齡而言，他做得很不錯。專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第68頁!AsanEnglishsayinggoes:It’snouse___________overspiltmilk.A.tobecryingB.tocryC.cryingD.cried專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第69頁!Youwillseethisproduct____whereveryougo.A)tobeadvertisedB)advertisedC)advertiseD)advertising專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第70頁!Theeditorial____nowwillappearintomorrow'snewspaper.

A)writingB)towriteC)beingwrittenD)write專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第71頁!Iunderstoodyouwerethird-yearstudents____inEnglish.A)whomajorsB)whomajoris

C)havemajoredD)majoring專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第72頁!Thoughsmall,theroomisfortable___.A.toliveB.toliveinC.livinginD.liveinWeweresurprisedat___theexam.A.himnotpassB.hispassingnotC.hisnotpassingD.himnottopassThedecision____,whatistobedonenowishowtocarryitout.A.beenmadeB.hasbeenmadeC.havingbeenmadeD.havingbeenmaking專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第73頁!八、虛擬語氣與現(xiàn)在事實相反條件從句：IfI(we,you,he,she,it,they)+動詞過去式(be動詞的過去式一律用were)結果主句：I(we,you,he,it,they)+would+動詞原型

Hewouldn’tfeelsocoldifhewereindoors.專升本考試輔導語法共83頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第74頁!與將來時間相反條件從句：were+不定式/

一般過去式/should+動詞原型結果主句：would(should)+動詞原型Ifshewereto