跨文化交際-黑龍江大學-崔常亮老師-chapter1-1

大學英語

跨文化交際Chapter1Culture黑龍江大學外語部

"IamnotanAthenian

oraGreek,

Iamacitizenoftheworld."

SOCRATES(469-399B.C.)

GreekPhilosopher

Learningobjectives:Inthischapter,studentswilllearnhowto:Understandconceptsconcerningculture.RecognizethenatureofcultureDescribethedefinitionsofculture.ChapterOutlineCultureAnthropologicalInterculturalFormation

Characteristics

SubcultureCo-cultureSubgroupTheNatureofCultureCulturalIdentityDefinitionDefinitionsLearnedDynamicPervasiveSociologicalIntegratedAdaptiveCultureswithinCultureCharacteristics

PsychologicalPartIBackground&Lead-in(10mins)Lead-inCase:

AnInterviewinIndiaReadthecaseandconsiderthequestionsintherightcolumn.1.Istheintervieweeproudofherculture?Why?2.WhatelsedoyouknowaboutIndianculture?3.IftheprogramproducercomestoChinatomaketheprogram,howdoyouthinkaChineseintervieweewillanswerthequestionsraisedbythehost?Trytorole-playitwithyourpartner.RELIGIONRELIGIONRELIGIONPartIIBody(40min-50min)TextA:TheNatureofCulture

CultureIsLikeanIcebergYouseetheportionabovewater,butperhapsnottheimportantparts.Architecture,art,Cooking,music,Language‥‥History,norms,values,beliefsaboutspace,nature,time‥‥ObjectiveSubjectiveCultureisOurSoftware

Software+hardware=computersculture+body=humansCultureisthebasicoperatingsystemthatmakesushuman.Wecanthinkofourphysicalselvesasthehardware,butwecannotbesaidtobehumanuntilweareprogrammedandeachofusisprogrammedbyourhomeculture.CultureisLiketheWater

aFishSwimsin

Fishnoticeseverythingexceptthewateritisswimmingin.Formostpeopleformostoftheirlives,cultureisjustlikethewaterafishswimsin.Theyaresoaccustomedtoitthattheytakeitforgranted,evenunawareofitsexistence.fish～water;human～cultureCultureistheGrammarofOurBehaviorCultureiswhatpeopleneedtoknowinordertobehaveappropriatelyinanysociety.

grammar(rules)+words=language

culture+individuals=society

Peopleusegrammarevenwithoutawareness,peopleuseculturalrulestobehaveproperlyalsoevenwithoutawareness.

Grammarismadeupofbasicpatterns,soisculture.TheNatureofCulture:Cultureislike...G_______S________I________W_______cebergaterafishswimsinDiagramFillingrammaroftware

WhatdoesawhitesarisymbolizeinIndia?AndintheWest?CUSTOMS:WHITEDRESS?

Caseanalysis:TheIndianwomenmightthinktheweddingceremonyisafuneraliftheyseethewesternbrideinwhitegown.Thecasereflectsthesimilesandmetaphorsinthetext.Cultureislikeaniceberg:wecanidentifythecolorofthedresswornbywomenindifferentcultures,butwedonotknowthevaluesunderneath.Cultureislikethewaterafishswimsin:peopleweardressofdifferentcolorsfordifferentcontextbuttheyusuallytakeitforgrantedandneveraskwhy.DEFINITIONSOF‘CULTURE’TextBAccordingtotheConciseOxfordDictionary,cultureis"theartsandothermanifestationsofhumanintellectualachievementregardedcollectively".KroeberandKluckhohndefinedcultureasfollows:“Cultureconsistsofpatterns,explicitandimplicit,ofandforbehavioracquiredandtransmittedbysymbols,constitutingthedistinctiveachievementofhumangroups,includingtheirembodimentsinartifacts;theessentialcoreofcultureconsistsoftraditionalideasandespeciallytheirattachedvalues”.AnthropologicalPerspective

從人類學角度定義文化文化由清晰和模糊的行為模式構成，這些模式通過符號獲得并傳播，這些符號由人類群體的特別成就構成，包括具體的人工制品。文化的基本核心由傳統(tǒng)思想和與其相關的價值觀構成。PsychologicalPerspective

GeertHofstede,ProfessorintheNetherlands,definedcultureas"thecollectiveprogrammingofthemindwhichdistinguishesthemembersofonecategoryofpeoplefromanother".從心理學角度定義文化：文化是使一個人類群體成員區(qū)別于其他人類群體的思維的總體規(guī)劃。Accordingtothesocialscientists:“Cultureisdefinedasapatternoflearned,group-relatedperception—includingbothverbalandnonverballanguageattitudes,values,beliefsystem,disbeliefsystems,andbehavior”.從社會學角度定義文化：文化是一種可習得的、基于群體的認知模式——包括言語與非言語符號、態(tài)度、價值觀、信仰和非信仰系統(tǒng)以及行為。SociologicalPerspective

InterculturalPerspective

“Cultureisasystemofsharedbeliefs,values,customs,behaviors,andartifactsthatthemembersofasocietyusetocopewiththeirworldandwithoneanother,andthataretransmittedfromgenerationtogenerationthroughlearning.”從跨文化交際學角度定義文化：文化是個人和群體在種族發(fā)展過程中所獲得的知識、經(jīng)驗、信仰、價值觀、行為、態(tài)度、階級、宗教、時間觀、角色、空間觀、宇宙觀和藝術品的集合。OURDEFINITIONOF‘CULTURE’Cultureisthedepositofknowledge,experience,beliefs,values,actions,attitudes,hierarchies,religions,notionsoftime,roles,spatialrelations,conceptsoftheuniverse,andartifactsacquiredbyagroupofpeopleinthecourseofgenerationsthroughindividualandgroupstriving.倫敦文化掠影

WHATDOTHEYREPRESENT?SYMBOLSPartIIITask(atleast10min)Fourdifferent