領(lǐng)土爭端之釣魚島問題

木蘭小組TerritoryDisputesTheIssueofDiaoyuIslands

CatalogueI.DiaoyuIslands--theInherentTerritoryofChinaII.TheHistoricalOriginofDiaoyuIslandsbetweenChinaandJapanIII.TheDevelopmentsoftheIssuesonDiaoyuIslandsin21centuryV.DiscussionIV.WatchthevideoTheTruthofTheDiaoyuIslands

GeographicLocationDiaoyuDaoanditsaffiliatedIslandsarelocatedat25°40'-26°00'Nand123°20'-124°40'E,approximately356kilometersfromWenzhouCity,ZhejiangProvince,385kilometersfromFuzhouCity,FujianProvince,and190kilometersfromKeelungCity,TaiwanProvince.Part1.TheIntroductionoftheDiaoyuIslands

DiaoyuDaoanditsaffiliatedislandsarelocatedtothenortheastofChina’sTaiwanIsland,andliesinwatersrangingfrom140to180metersdeep.ToitseastareRyukyuIslands,separatedbythe2,000-meter-deepOkinawaTrough.Part2.DiaoyuIslands--theInherentTerritoryofChina

a.DiaoyuDaoWasFirstDiscovered,NamedandExploitedbyChina

TheearliestrecordednamesofDiaoyuDao,ChiweiYuandseveralotherplacescanbefoundinVoyage

withaTailWind(《順風(fēng)相送》)

whichbegantobewrittenin

1403(thefirstyearofEmperor

Yongle’sreignoftheMing

Dynasty1368-1644).ThisdocumentationprovesChinadiscoveredandnamedDiaoyuDaoasearlyasthe14thand15thcenturies.b.DiaoyuDaoHasLongBeenunderChina'sJurisdictionAsearlyastheMingDynasty,ChinautilizedDiaoyuDaoaspartofitsMaritimedefenseagainstJapanesepiratesattackingthesoutheastcoast.AnIllustratedCompendiumonMaritimeSecurity(《籌海圖編》)

ThisbookmarkedtheislandsunderthejurisdictionoftheMingcourt'scoastaldefenseforces.TheQingDynasty

alsoclearlyplacedtheislandsunderthejurisdictionofthelocalgovernmentofTaiwan.OfficialdocumentsoftheQingcourt,suchasATourofDutyintheTaiwanStrai（《臺海使槎錄》)andAnnalsofTaiwanPrefecture(《臺灣府志》),allgavedetailedaccountsconcerningChina'sadministrationofDiaoyuIslands.c.ChineseandForeignMapsShowDiaoyuDaoBelongstoChinaThismapwasdrawnin1561(the40thyearofthereignofEmperorJiajingoftheMingDynasty)andwascollectedintheeighthvolumeofCollectedWorksofZhengKaiyang(《鄭開陽雜著》).ThemapshowsthatDiaoyuDao,HuangweiYuandChiYuhavebeenincludedinthejurisdictionofChina’scoastaldefense.“AtlasoftheGreatQingDynasty”(《皇朝中外一統(tǒng)輿地總圖》)wascompiledundercommissionfromHuLinyi,governorofHubeiProvinceandpublishedin1863(the2ndyearofthereignofEmperorTongzhioftheQingDynasty)bytheHubeigovernment.ThemapalsoincludedDiaoyuDaoanditsaffiliatedislandsasChina’sterritory.Portugal’s“MapofNavigation”（航海針路）in1762includedDiaoyuDao,Taiwan,ZhangzhouandNingbo(coastalcitiesofFujianandZhejiangprovinces)inthesametable.AnofficialmapcommissionedbytheUKgovernment,“ANewMapofChina”wasdrawnbyJohnCaryin1801.圖中沿臺灣島（Tai-ouan）東北方向由近及遠(yuǎn)一次可以看到標(biāo)志清晰的Pon-kia(即“彭家?guī)Z”)、Hoan-pin-su(即“花瓶”)、Hao-yu-su(即“釣魚嶼”)、Hoan-oey-su(即“黃尾嶼”)以及Tshe-oey-su(即“赤尾嶼”)等諸島嶼，且均以中國閩南方言命名。Thismapwaspublishedin1895,explicitlydefiningthegeographicalrangeandislandsaffiliatedtoOkinawaPrefecture（沖繩縣）.ItclearlyshowsKumeIsland（久米島）asthesouthwesternboundaryoftheRyukyuIslands,（琉球群島）andthatDiaoyuIslandanditsaffiliatedislandsareexcludedintheadministrationofOkinawaPrefecture.CatalogueI.DiaoyuIslands--theInherentTerritoryofChinaII.TheHistoricalOriginofDiaoyuIslandsbetweenChinaandJapanIII.TheDevelopmentsoftheIssuesonDiaoyuIslandsin21centuryV.DiscussionIV.WatchthevideoTheTruthofTheDiaoyuIslands

II.TheHistoricalOriginofDiaoyuIslandsbetweenChinaandJapanChinaandJapanhaveaclosehistory.ToknowabouttheissueofDiaoyuIslands,wemustundertandthecomprehensivehistorybetweenChinaandJapan.

Phase1:AttemptiontoconquestChina1000yearsago,JapanattemptstomilitaryconquestofChina.Thefirstrecordedconflicttookplacein663ADinthebattleofBaekgang(白江村戰(zhàn)役）andJapanwasdefeatedbyChina.ToyotomiHideyoshi(豐臣秀吉）wantstoconquerChina,soheinvadedKoreaandthenManchuriain1592.Afterfouryears,heattackedManchuriaagain.In1633,TokugawaShogunate(德川幕府）decidedtoabolishinternationaltrade,whilein1644,theQingDynastyestablished.Phase2:JapaneseaggresionbeginsandChina

lostDiaoyuIslandsIn1879,theimperialJapanannexedtheRyukyuIslands(琉球群島）andestablishtheOkinawaprefecture(沖繩縣）TheJapanesewantedtoconquerManchuriaagain.In1894,thefirstSino-Japanesewar(甲午中日戰(zhàn)爭）began.Aftermorethan6monthsoffiercefighting,theweakQingDynastyagreedtoceasefire.OnApril17,1895,QingDynastysignedtheTreatyofShimonoseki(馬關(guān)條約）.TheyforcedtoadmittheindependenceofKorea,seatoJapan,inperpetuity,theLiaodongPeninsulaaswellasthePenghuIslandandTaiwanIsland.Inaddition,ahugeransomincash.TheDocumentofTreatyofShimonosekiMaincontentsofShimonosekiTreatyAccordingtoArticle2ofthetreaty,ChinacededinperpetuityandfullsovereigntythefollowingterritoriestoJapan,togetherwithallfortifications,arsenals,andpublicpropertythereon:第二款中國將管理下開地方之權(quán)并將該地方所有堡壘、軍器工廠及一切屬公物件，永遠(yuǎn)讓與日本：一、下開劃界以內(nèi)之奉天省南邊地方：從鴨綠江口溯該江以抵安平河口，又從該河口劃至鳳凰城、海城及營口而止，畫成拆線以南地方。所有前開各城市邑皆包括在劃界線內(nèi)。該線抵營口之遼河后，即順流至彬口止，彼此以河中心為分界。遼東灣東岸及黃海北岸在奉天省所屬諸島嶼，亦一并在所讓境內(nèi)。二、臺灣全島及所有附屬各島嶼。三、澎湖列島是英國格林尼次東經(jīng)百十九度起至百二十度止，及北緯二十三度起至二十四度之間諸島嶼。However,JapanannexedtheDiaoyuIslandsasthespoilsofwar,andincorporateditasapartoftheOkinawaprefecture.Though,theannexaionwasneverpartoftheTreatyofShimonoseki.In1900,JapannamedDiaoyuIslands"SenkakuIsland"(尖閣列島）Phase3:Chinatrytogetbackthesovereignty

ofDiaoyuIslandsInthe1943HumanRightsTreatyofCairo（《開羅人權(quán)宣言》）,and1945GermanPortsdamProclamation(《波茨坦宣言》）orderedJapantoreturnChinaallcededterritoriesoftheShimonosekiTreaty.OnSeptember2,1945,theEmpireofJapansurrenderedunconditionally.JapaneseInstrumentofSurrender

TheDocumentsofHumanRightsTreatyofCairo

TheDocumentsofthePotsdamProclamationPhase4：Americainvolvesintheissueof

DiaoyuIslandsIn1951,SanFransiscoTreaty（《舊金山條約》）betweenJapanandUSA,theDiaoyuIslandswasplacedundertheadministrationofUSA.AmericaisathridpartyasdictatedcontroloverthisterritorysinceWWⅡ.Inthe1971OkinawaReversionTreaty(《沖繩歸還條約》）,USAappointedJapanasitsadministratoroftheDiaoyuIslands.In1972,PresidentNixonvisitChinatoestablishdiplomaticrelationship.ButtheIssueofDiaoyuIslandcontinuestolingerinChina.CatalogueI.DiaoyuIslands--theInherentTerritoryofChinaII.TheHistoricalOriginofDiaoyuIslandsbetweenChinaandJapanIII.TheDevelopmentsoftheIssuesonDiaoyuIslandsin21centuryV.DiscussionIV.WatchthevideoTheTruthofTheDiaoyuIslands

III.TheDevelopmentsoftheissuesonDiaoyu

Islandsin21century2010.9

AcollisionbetweentwoJapanesepatrolboatsandaChinesefishingboatinwatersofftheDiaoyuislands.JapandetainedtheChineseboatanditscrew.ChinademandstheJapanesesidetostopactivitiesthatwouldleadtoescalationofthesituationandreleasetheChinesefishermenandtheirshipimmediatelyandunconditionally,Jiangsaid,stressingitwastheonlywaytosolvetheproblem.

2012.9.Japanesegovernment'spurchaseofDiaoyuIslandsTheJapanesegovernmenthasdecidedtospend2.05billionyentobuytheDiaoyuIslandsfromKuriharafamilywhomtheJapanesesidecalled“theprivateowner”,andestablisheditsso-called“nationalization”oftheDiaoyuIslandsandsomeoftheiraffiliatedislets.TheChineseForeignMinistryreactedquickly,sayingJapan'spurchaseoftheislandsisillegalandinvalidandChinafirmlyopposesthemove."Absolutelynoconcession"onDiaoyuIslands,saysChinesepremierTheWhitePaperonDiaoyuIslands2013.7

ShinzoAbevisitaroundtheDiaoyuIslands.

Chinaurgesittostopprovoking.AbeclaimedhewouldmakenoconcessionontheisssueofDiaoyuIslandsandstronglydefendJapan'sterritorialintegrity.2014.12Chinaopenswebsiteoutliningclaim

onDiaoyuIslands2015.ChinacontinuesDiaoyuIslandspatrolVesselsoftheChinaCoastGuard(CCG)

conductedapatrolmissioninChina'sterritorialwaterssurroundingtheDiaoyuIslandsonSaturday,accordingtoastatementbyStateOceanicAdministration.JapanhadissuedwarningsandwillstationtroopsintheYonaguni,whichisonly150kmfromDiaoyuIslands.150soldiers

RaderGSDFCatalogueI.DiaoyuIslands--theInherentTerritoryofChinaII.TheHistoricalOriginofDiaoyuIslandsbetweenChinaandJapanIII.TheDevelopmentsoftheIssuesonDiaoyuIslandsin21centuryV.DiscussionIV.WatchthevideoTheTruthofTheDiaoyuIslands

DiaoyuIslands----TheTruthCatalogueI.DiaoyuIslands--theInherentTerritoryofChinaII.TheHistoricalOriginofDiaoyuIslandsbetweenChinaandJapanIII.TheDevelopmentsoftheIssueso