話題13 交通備戰(zhàn)2022年高考沖刺英語必考話題分類解析

【話題解讀】世界上的交通方式多種多樣——雪橇、馬車、自行車、汽車、輪船等等。輪子的創(chuàng)造和使用使人們的出行速度發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化，輪子也是社會進步的推進者。遠在天南地北、千里之外的新鮮果品，快速運到各地供人們嘗鮮；上學、上班、旅游、物資運輸、傳遞信息，可以風雨無阻，這些都是公共交通帶給我們的好處，它既方便了人們的出行，又對減輕環(huán)境污染有重要的意義。高考試題對交通這一話題的考查以各種題型呈現(xiàn)著。如2022年新課標卷II語法填空，2022年北京卷完形填空，2022年天津卷閱讀理解C篇，2022年江蘇卷書面表達，2022年新課標卷II閱讀理解D篇等?！鞠嚓P詞匯】Ⅰ.重點單詞識記1.conveyvt.運送，輸送；表達2.postponevt.延遲，延期3.sectionn.局部；部件；部門4.undertakevt.&vi.承當，從事；承諾，容許5.authorityn.權力，權威；官方，當權者；批準，授權6.enlargevt.&vi.擴大，擴展，增大7.anniversaryn.周年紀念日8.growthn.增加，增長；成長，生長9.punctualadj.準時的，守時的10.arisevi.出現(xiàn)，產(chǎn)生11.pedestriann.行人，步行者；adj.行人(使用)的12.aggressiveadj.好斗的，挑釁的，富于攻擊性的13.crashn.&vi.&vt.撞車；碰撞；倒閉；崩潰14.finevt.處以罰金15.drunkadj.喝醉的；n.醉漢，酒鬼16.unbelievableadj.非常壞(或非常好、非常極端)的，令人難以置信的→believev.相信；認為→beliefn.看法，信念17.enquiryn.詢問，咨詢；調(diào)查，追究，探究→enquirev.詢問，打聽18.annualadj.每年的，一年一次的→annuallyadv.一年一次地19.detailn.具體情況，詳情，細節(jié)→detailedadj.詳細的，細致的20.departuren.離開，出發(fā)；背離，違反→departv.離開，出發(fā)21.loadn.負荷，負載；大量，許多；vt.裝載，裝上，裝入→unloadvt.卸貨Ⅱ.重點短語識記1.dropoff中途下客或卸貨 2.linkup聯(lián)合，連接3.at(...)intervals每隔……距離或時間 4.breakout突發(fā)，爆發(fā)5.makeout識別出；理解，明白；假裝 6.putthrough給某人接通()；使經(jīng)歷7.decideon/upon決定，選定 8.putoff推遲，推延；使反感9.turnup出現(xiàn)，到來；調(diào)高(音量等) 10.fillin填寫(表格)；消磨(時間)11.ahandfulof少數(shù)的，少量的 12.splitup分組，分解；別離13.speedup(使)加速 14.arisefrom起因于，由……引起15.applyto適用于為什么列車的座椅會如此丑陋不堪?Nomatterhowmanysubwaylines,buses,trams,trains,andotherpublicconveyancesweride,wearerarelyleftwithapositiveimpressionoftheupholstery.Howdoesthishappen?無論我們坐多少次地鐵、公交車、電車、火車和其它公共運輸工具，我們很少會對墊襯套留下一個好的印象。這是為什么呢？Excuse1:Thedesignconstraints.理由之一：設計限制。Weaskalotoftransportfabric.Ithastobedurable,sinceeachseatwillcradlehundredsofbacksidesaday.Ithastolastforyears,beeasytoclean,andithastobeabletoresistordisguisestainsbothaccidentalandvandalistic.Itmustalsoseemclean,evenwhenit'snot.Perhapsmostimportant,ithastobesafe:Fire,smoke,andsmoldercanbedeadly,particularlydozensoffeetundergroundinapoorlyventilatedtunnel.我們需要大量用于交通的布料。它必須得耐用，因為每一個座位一天之內(nèi)會有很多人去坐。它必須得能夠用上很多年，易于清掃，并且必須得能夠抵抗或者是掩蓋無意或有意留下的污點。它還必須得看起來干凈，即使是并非如此。也許最為重要的是，它必須得平安：火、煙和悶燒是致命性的，尤其是在地下幾英尺、通風條件較差的隧道里。Excuse2:Thedesignprocess.理由之二：設計流程。AdesignforanewrailwaycoachisatremendousgetforadesignfirmlikeWallaceSewell,butanupdatedTubecoachisn'tthecentralassignmentforatransporttextiledesigner.Instead,mostdesignersareworkingonbrandingforprivatecoachcompaniesoronsmallmunicipallines.There,designasacivicgoodmaynotbethehighestpriority.對于像華萊士·休厄爾這樣的設計公司來說，設計一種新的鐵路客車可以帶來巨大收益，但是更新地鐵并非交通紡織品設計師的核心任務。反而，大多數(shù)設計者在為民營長途公交公司或小型市政客運線的品牌推廣工作。在這里，利于公民的設計可能就不是優(yōu)先考慮的事情了。Excuse3:Fashionisfickle.理由之三：時尚是變化無常的。＂It'satrendindustrynow,＂saysNewton.Transportfabricsfollowfashionjustlikeanyotherdesignedcommodity,withbignameartistsandtextiledesignersfightingtocreatethenextclassicmoquette.Butwhenfashiontrendsarelessunderstated,sotooisthedesignofyoursubwayseatback.牛頓表示，＂現(xiàn)在這是一個時尚產(chǎn)業(yè)＂。跟任何其它設計的產(chǎn)品一樣，運輸紡織品也會緊隨潮流，大名鼎鼎的藝術家和紡織品設計師努力去創(chuàng)造下一個經(jīng)典的針織地毯。但是，當流行趨勢惹人注目時，地鐵的座椅靠背的設計也會緊隨潮流。Iwouldn'tsayit'sabikeforlazypeople,whichalotofpeoplethink,whentheythinkelectriccycles.在迪拜的沙漠騎自行車我不會說這輛車適合懶人，雖然很多人一想到電動車時都這么認為。Itwasmorelike,anactionbike.它更像是一輛行動派的自行車。Somethingbetweenamotorcycleandanormalcycle.這是一種介于摩托車和普通自行車之間的車。Youcancontroltheelectricpower,soyouchoosehowmuchyouwannauseit,buttheactualtrialisreally,reallytiring.Itgivesyouagoodworkout.你可以控制它的功率，所以可以選擇你用多大功率，但調(diào)試的過程真的很枯燥，運動量會很大。Itwasjustahobby,really,atthetimeitwasanidea,aconcept,youknow,letmebuildmyownbike.做這個車原先只是一個興趣，真的，那個時候還只有一個概念，你知道嗎，就是讓我弄一個屬于我自己的自行車。And,Ithinkitwasaboutthreemonthslater,Ididhavemyownbike.我想，可能差不多3個月之后，我終于有了屬于我自己的自行車。Itwasmyownmountainbike.(Frankenstein.)就是我的山地車?！哺ヌm肯斯坦〕Yeah,definitelylookedlikeaFrankensteinbikeandyouhadbatterieseverywhere,wireseverywhere.是的，從外觀上看它絕對是一輛可怕的自行車，到處都是電池，到處都是線。itwasfasterbutitwasjusttooscarytoridebecauseitwasjusttoolight.它比普通的自行車更快，但是很嚇人，因為它太輕了。Wethought,＂Okay,wellatleasttheconceptwasthere.＂我們想著，＂好吧，至少有那個意思了。＂Andthenwe'relike,＂Thiscouldbeaviablebusinessandyouknow,electricbikewassomethingthatwasgrowinginaroundtheworld.＂之后，我們的感覺差不多是這樣，＂或許我們還能靠它掙點兒錢，你知道的，電動自行車這種東西在全球范圍內(nèi)都越來越流行了。＂Wehavetodesignabikewhichwasmoreforthemarket,whichissomethingyoucantakeoutandactuallyuseonthedunes.我們要設計一種專為阿聯(lián)酋市場打造的自行車，要設計一種你能夠把它騎出去在沙丘上騎的自行車。Saluki,isalocaldogbreed,whichisveryskinny,it'sveryfastandit'squiet.薩盧基狗是我們這里的一種土狗，非常瘦，但非?？欤液馨察o。It'sadesertdogsoitreallyfitswithinourbrandandthat'swhywepickedit.它是一種沙漠狗，所以和我們的品牌非常搭，這也是我們選擇用它來作為我們的標志的原因。Thefatbikesaremadeforthedesert,mainly,andtheycangoupto45kmperhourinthedesert,quietly,withoutdisturbinganywildlife,withoutcreatinganyissuesinthedesert.粗輪自行車主要是為沙漠設計的，而且，它們在沙漠里的時速可到達45公里，很安靜，不會驚擾到野生動物，不會給沙漠造成任何問題。Andit'sareallyseamlessdrive.真的是零傷害的騎行。Imean,therewasoneoftheamazingthingswhenridingonthebikeforthefirsttime,youknow,desertfoxes,Isawdesertrabbits,Isawbugs,Isawlizards,thingsIneversawridingmyquadaroundinthebackofthedesertbefore.最神奇的事情就是，第一次騎這種車的時候，我看到了沙漠狐貍，我看到了沙漠兔，我還看見了昆蟲、蜥蜴，而這些東西是我以前在沙漠中開車時所未曾見過的。Andit'sjust,insilence,it'syouandthewind.寂靜之中只有你和風。Itwasphenomenal,justridingontheridgesofthesanddunes.沿著沙丘的邊沿騎過是一種非凡的體驗。Andthen,thesungoesdown,it'sjustamazing.之后，夕陽西下，那種景象簡直是不可思議。You'vegottatryit.Imean,onethingthatwe'venoticed,anyonethatgetsonthesebikes,theycomebackwithabigsmile.你一定要嘗試以下，我是說，我們注意到，每個騎上這種車的人，歸來時都是春風滿面。網(wǎng)約車在中國獲合法地位TheChinesegovernmenthasformallylegalisedonlinecar-hailingservices,includingSanFrancisco-basedUberandBeijing’sDidiChuxing,givingaboosttoanindustrythathasoperatedinagreyarea.中國政府已正式將網(wǎng)約車效勞合法化，包括總部位于舊金山的優(yōu)步(Uber)和北京的滴滴出行(DidiChuxing)，此舉讓這個一直在灰色地帶運營的行業(yè)獲得提振。Bothgroupswelcomedtheprovisionalrules,unveiledbythetransportministryyesterday,whichDidireferredtoas＂theworld’sfirstnationwideonlineride-bookingregulations＂.兩家公司都對中國交通部昨日公布的?網(wǎng)絡預約出租汽車經(jīng)營效勞管理暫行方法?表示歡送，滴滴稱其為＂世界范圍內(nèi)公布的第一個國家級的網(wǎng)約車法規(guī)＂。Ubersaidtheregulationssent＂aclearmessageofsupportforride-sharingandthebenefitsthatitoffersriders,driversandcities＂.優(yōu)步表示，?暫行方法?＂表達了政府對網(wǎng)約車新業(yè)態(tài)的認可和支持＂。Chinawas＂acountrythathasconsistentlyshownitselftobeforward-thinkingwhenitcomestobusinessinnovation＂,theUSgroupadded.優(yōu)步補充稱，中國在＂面對創(chuàng)新時一直具有前瞻性＂。Car-hailinghasbeenmetwithprotestsandbansinmanycountries,butBeijinghassoughttoco-optthetechnologytopromoteeconomicgrowth.網(wǎng)約車效勞在很多國家遭遇抗議和禁令，但中國政府尋求利用這種技術促進經(jīng)濟增長。Thecar-hailingrulessetaprecedentforotherindustriesinChina—suchasfinanceandhealthcare—whereregulatorsareconsideringhowmuchdisruptioncanbetoleratedfromfast-movinginternetcompanies.網(wǎng)約車規(guī)定為中國其他行業(yè)〔例如金融和醫(yī)療〕設立了先例，在這些行業(yè)，監(jiān)管者正考慮在多大程度上容忍快速開展的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司造成的顛覆性影響。Car-hailinghasquicklygrownfromanichesectortoalargeindustryinChina,wheretheubiquityofsmartphoneshastranslatedintomillionsofridesaday.Didihasclaimedtobehandling14mridesadayacrossitsplatforms,includinglicensedtaxisandcarpoolingaswellasprivatecarhailing.在中國，網(wǎng)約車已迅速從一個小眾領域開展為一個大規(guī)模產(chǎn)業(yè)，智能的普及轉變?yōu)槊咳諗?shù)百萬次出行。滴滴聲稱其平臺每天在處理1，400萬次的完成訂單，這個平臺包括有執(zhí)照的出租車和拼車以及專車效勞。騎車上班更環(huán)保InmanycitiesacrosstheUnitedStates,May20wasBiketoWorkDay.Thedayencouragespeopletotrybicyclingtoworkinsteadofdrivingortakingabusortrain.在美國很多城市，5月20日是騎車上班日。這一節(jié)日的設立是為了鼓勵人們騎車上班，而不是開車、乘坐公汽或火車。BikinghasnotalwaysbeenapopularkindoftransportationintheUnitedStates.But,insomecities,usingabiketocommuteisincreasinglynormal.TheLeagueofAmericanBicyclists’websitesaysthat,from2000to2022,thenumberofpeoplewhobikedtoworkregularlyinthe.grewby62percent.在美國自行車并不是常用的交通工具。但在一些城市，騎車上下班越來越常見。美國騎車者聯(lián)盟網(wǎng)站表示，從2000年到2022年，美國經(jīng)常騎車上班的人數(shù)增長了62%。Thisyear,biketoworkday2022eventrendedonTwitterFridayintheUnitedStates.今年，2022年騎車上班日甚至成為了美國推特周五的熱點事件。TheLeagueofAmericanBicyclistscreatedNationalBikeMonthin1956.ThemonthofMaywaschosensharetheroad＂andmakebikingmoreenjoyableandpopularinAmerica.美國騎車者聯(lián)盟在1956年設立了全國自行車月。選擇五月是因為五月的天氣通常比擬溫暖。這一長達一個月的慶?；顒又荚诠膭铗T車者和其他人共用車道，讓騎車在美國更享受、更受歡送。NationalBiketoWorkDayhelpsnewbikerstrycyclingasawaytocommute.Inbig.cities,localbicyclegroupsprovideBiketoWorkDayparticipantswithfood,drinksandsupportastheymaketheirjourneys.全國騎車上班日可以幫助新騎手嘗試騎車方式上下班。在美國大城市，當?shù)刈孕熊噲F體為節(jié)日參與者在騎車途中提供食物、飲水和其他支持。The.Censusreportedthisyearthataround1millionpeopleregularlyuseabicycletogettoworkorschool.Butnoteveryoneisinterestedinbecomingabikecommuter.美國人口普查局今年報告稱，大約有100萬人經(jīng)常騎車上班或上學。但并非所有人都愿意成為騎車通勤者。Studiesoftencitethedangersofbiking,especiallyinlargecitieswithmanycars.A2007studybytheCentersforDiseaseControlfoundthatyouaretwotimesaslikelytodieonabikethaninacar.研究總是顯示騎車具有危險性，尤其是在有很多汽車的大城市。美國疾病控制預防中心2007年發(fā)布的一份研究說明，騎車死亡的風險是開車的兩倍。And,many.citiesdonotyethavemanybicyclelanesorbicycle-friendlyroads.而且，很多美國城市尚不具備自行車道或適合騎自行車的道路。Cycling,ofcourse,doeshavemanybenefits.Itisgoodforyourheath.Researchsaysthatthreehoursofbikingaweekcanreduceaperson’sriskofheartdiseaseby50percent.Cyclingisalsoenvironmentallyfriendly.And,itischeaperthanotherformsoftransportation.OnsocialmediaFriday,peoplecelebratedthebenefitsofbiking.當然騎車確實有很多好處，它對健康有益。研究稱，每周騎車3個小時可以減少50%的心臟病風險。騎車也很環(huán)保，而且，它比其他交通方式更實惠。周五活動當天在社交媒體上，人們贊美了騎車的好處。HereinWashington,DC,BiketoWorkDayisespeciallyimportantthisyear.StartinginJune,manylinesandstationsalongthedistrict’smetrorailsystemwillbeclosedforlong-termrepairs.Notbeingabletousethetrainhasmanypeoplewonderinghowtheywillgetaround.在華盛頓特區(qū)，騎車上班活動尤為重要。從6月份開始，該區(qū)地鐵系統(tǒng)沿線的很多線路和站點都將長期關閉維修。不能坐地鐵讓很多人擔憂出行問題。OneTwitteruserjokedthatDC’smetrosystemmustjustbeaproudsponsor—orsupporter—ofBiketoWorkDay.一位推特用戶開玩笑說，華盛頓特區(qū)的地鐵系統(tǒng)肯定是騎車上班日的贊助商或支持者。高考試題一〔2022年·新課標卷II〕題型體裁話題難度建議時間語法填空說明文地鐵的最初開展史★★★☆☆10分鐘In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible__61__(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand___62__work.Ittookthreeyearstocompleteandwasbuiltusinganinterestingmethod.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,___63___(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover___64___top.Whenallthosehadbeendone,theroadsurfacewasreplaced.Steamengines___65_(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen___66__(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusing___67__everyday.Later,engineers___68___(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道〕,whichbecameknowntothetube.Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe___69___(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.ThecentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost___70___(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.Ithadwhite-paintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages,andprovedextremelypopularwiththepublic.【話題解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了地鐵的最初開展史?！窘馕觥靠疾槊~，此處表示復數(shù)概念，crowd前沒有冠詞，且它是可數(shù)名詞，故填crowds。【解析】考查介詞，toandfrom來回，故填from?！窘馕觥靠疾楦痹~，這里fair是形容詞，pleasant也是形容詞，所以需要將fair變?yōu)楦痹~來修飾形容詞，故填fairly?！窘馕觥靠疾榇~，這里用it指代前句的railway,故填it?！窘馕觥靠疾閯釉~，此處表示過去的情況，所以這里也應用一般過去時，故填managed。z學科xx網(wǎng)k【解析】考查詞性轉換，空格前是the,后面應該是名詞，故填名詞introduction?！窘馕觥靠疾樾稳菰~，空格前是most,其后要跟形容詞構成最高級，故填successful。高考試題二〔2022年·北京卷〕題型體裁話題難度建議時間完形填空記敘文接力送藥就兒童★★★☆☆17分鐘ARaceAgainstDeathItwasacoldJanuaryin1925inNome,Alaska.Thetownwascutofffromtherestoftheworldduetoheavysnow.Onthe20thofthatmonth,Dr.Welch36asickboy,Billy,andknewhehaddiphtheria,adeadlyinfectious(傳染的)diseasemainlyaffectingchildren.ThechildrenofNomewouldbe37ifitstruckthetown.Dr.Welchneededmedicineassoonaspossibletostopotherkidsfromgettingsick.38,theclosestsupplywasover1,000milesaway,inAnchorage.HowcouldthemedicinegettoNome?Thetown’s39wasalreadyfullofice,soitcouldn’tcomebyship.Carsandhorsescouldn’ttravelonthe40roads.Jetairplanesandbigtrucksdidn’texistyet.41January26,Billyandthreeotherchildrenhaddied.Twentymorewere42.Nome’stownofficialscameupwitha(n)43.Theywouldhavethemedicinesentby44fromAnchoragetoNenana.Fromthere,dogsled(狗拉雪橇)drivers—knownas＂mushers＂—would45ittoNomeinarelay(接力).TheracebeganonJanuary27.Thefirstmusher,Shannon,pickedupthemedicinefromthetrainatNenanaandrodeallnight.46hehandedthemedicinetothenextmusher,Shannon’sfacewasblackfromtheextremecold.OnJanuary31,amushernamedSeppalahadto47afrozenbodyofwatercalledNortonSound.Itwasthemost48partofthejourney.NortonSoundwascoveredwithice,whichcouldsometimesbreakupwithoutwarning.Ifthathappened,Seppalamightfallintotheicywaterbelow.Hewould49,andsowouldthesickchildrenofNome.ButSeppalamadeitacross.AhugesnowstormhitonFebruary1.AmushernamedKaasenhadtobravethisstorm.Atonepoint,hugepilesofsnowblockedhis50.Hehadtoleavethetrail(雪橇痕跡)togetaroundthem.Conditionsweresobadthatitwasimpossibleforhimto51thetrailagain.TheonlyhopewasBalto,Kaasen’sleaddog.Baltoputhisnosetotheground,52tofindthesmellofotherdogsthathadtraveledonthetrail.IfBaltofailed,itwouldmeandisasterforNome.Theminutespassedby.Suddenly,Baltobeganto53.Hehadfoundthetrail.At5:30amonFebruary2,Kaasenandhisdog54inNome.Withinminutes,Dr.Welchhadthemedicine.Hequicklygaveittothesickchildren.Allofthemrecovered.Nomehadbeen55.36.A.examined B.warned C.interviewed D.cured37.A.harmless B.helpless C.fearless D.careless38.A.Moreover B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.However39.A.airport B.station C.harbor D.border40.A.narrow B.snowy C.busy D.dirty41.A.From B.On C.By D.After42.A.tired B.upset C.pale D.sick43.A.plan B.excuse C.message D.topic44.A.air B.rail C.sea D.road45.A.carry B.return C.mail D.give46.A.Though B.Since C.When D.If47.A.enter B.move C.visit D.cross48.A.shameful B.boring C.dangerous D.foolish49.A.escape B.bleed C.swim D.die50.A.memory B.exit C.way D.destination51.A.find B.fix C.pass D.change52.A.pretending B.trying C.asking D.learning53.A.run B.leave C.bite D.play54.A.gathered B.stayed C.camped D.arrived55.A.controlled B.saved C.founded D.developed【文章大意】文章講述了一個人們接力運送藥物來救患病兒童的感人故事。1925年1月份的阿拉斯加北部極其寒冷，由于大雪，諾姆小鎮(zhèn)與外界隔絕了。雪上加霜的是，那里的孩子患上了一種致命的傳染病——白喉。為了拯救孩子們，人們接力運送藥品到諾姆。最終，人們通過狗拉的雪橇把藥物送到了諾姆。36.A檢查；警告；采訪，面試；治愈。醫(yī)生檢查了一個生病的孩子，知道他患上了白喉，應選A。37.B無害的；無望的；C.fearless不怕的；粗心的。如果白喉肆虐諾姆，那里的孩子們都將毫無希望，應選B。z學科xx網(wǎng)k38.D而且；因此；否那么；然而。然而，最近的藥品供給站距離諾姆一千多公里，前后是轉折關系，應選D。39.C機場；車站；C.harbor港口；邊境。根據(jù)＂soitcouldn’tcomebyship＂可知，這里指港口結冰，應選C。42.DA.tired勞累的；B.upset難過的；C.pale蒼白的；D.sick生病的。4個孩子相繼去世，還有20幾個孩子患病，應選D。43.AA.plan方案；B.excuse借口；C.message信息；D.topic話題。當?shù)氐墓賳T想到了一個方案，應選A。44.BA.air空氣；B.rail欄桿，鐵軌；C.sea海洋；D.road道路。根據(jù)下一段中的＂fromthetrainatNenana＂可知，藥物被用火車運到Nenana，應選B。45.AA.carry運送，攜帶；B.return返回，歸還；C.mail郵寄；D.give給。然后再由乘坐狗拉的雪橇的人把藥物接力送到諾姆，應選A。z學科xx網(wǎng)k46.CA.Though雖然；B.Since因為，自從；C.When當；D.If如果。當他把藥物交給下一個人時，他的臉已經(jīng)被凍得烏青，應選C。47.DA.enter進入；B.move移動；C.visit拜訪；D.cross穿過。根據(jù)＂NortonSoundwascoveredwithice＂可知，NortonSound是一片冰凍的水域，Seppala必須穿過這片水域，應選D。50.CA.memory記憶；B.exit出口；C.way道路；D.destination目的地。根據(jù)下一句可知，有的地方被大雪擋住了去路，Seppala不得不繞道行駛，應選C。51.AA.find找到；B.fix固定，安裝；C.pass通過；D.change改變。當時的天氣狀況極差，Seppala找到雪橇軌道是不可能的，只能靠他的狗，應選A。52.BA.pretending假裝；B.trying努力；C.asking問，要求；D.learning學會。Seppala的狗努力嗅著其它狗的氣味，應選B。53.AA.run跑；B.leave離開；C.bite咬；D.play玩耍。Seppala的狗找到了軌道，開始奔跑起來，應選A。54.DA.gathered聚集；B.stayed保持；C.camped露營；D.arrived到達。arriveinsp到達某地，這里指終于到達諾姆，應選D。55.BA.controlled控制；B.saved拯救；C.founded建立；D.developed開展。所有的孩子都得到了救治，諾姆活了下來，應選B?！驹囶}分析】完形填空題的命題特點及答題方法：1.側重根底知識，考查學生對語言知識的運用能力完形填空以文入手，結合文章的內(nèi)容考查學生的根底知識，主要是詞語搭配、固定句型、近義詞辨析、辨析句子結構、掌握語法規(guī)那么的能力，其中考查實詞居多。2.上下文對照，考查學生捕捉關鍵詞的能力解完形填空題時，單獨看一句話是找不到正確答案的，需要注意句子間的關系及句子與段落的關系。所謂上下對照，即在上文和下文中找到與正確答案相關的關鍵詞。因此，在做題時要邊讀邊在大腦中儲存上下文信息，捕捉關鍵詞。例如第39空：機場；車站；C.harbor港口；邊境。根據(jù)＂soitcouldn’tcomebyship＂可知，這里指港口結冰，應選C。3.設置語境，考查學生的分析推理能力旨在考查學生在選項都符合語法及句子結構的情況下能否利用前后語境去推斷出正確答案。4.結合生活，考查學生利用常識解題的能力目的是考查學生的生活常識，看看學生是否善于觀察生活，積累生活常識，能否利用常識去做恰當?shù)倪x擇。5.關注連詞，考查學生對行文邏輯、句子關聯(lián)的理解能力此項用來考查學生在缺少連詞的情況下，通過閱讀能否理解句子與句子之間的關系，是否了解行文邏輯的要求，能否掌握表示因果、轉折、并列、條件、讓步等的連詞的用法。例如第46空：雖然；因為，自從；C.When當；如果。當他把藥物交給下一個人時，他的臉已經(jīng)被凍得烏青，應選C。高考試題三〔2022年·天津卷〕題型體裁話題難度建議時間閱讀理解說明文對新型交通工具——無人駕駛的全自動化的車輛負責★★★☆☆8分鐘Thismonth,Germany’stransportminister,AlexanderDobrindt,proposedthefirstsetofrulesforautonomousvehicles(自主駕駛車輛).Theywoulddefinethedriver’sroleinsuchcarsandgovernhowsuchcarsperformincrasheswherelivesmightbelost.Theproposalattemptstodealwithwhatsomecallthe＂deathvalley＂ofautonomousvehicles:thegreyareabetweensemi-autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedriverlessfuture.Dobrindtwantsthreethings:thatacaralwayschoosesproperty(財產(chǎn))damageoverpersonalinjury;thatitneverdistinguishesbetweenhumansbasedonageorrace;andthatifahumanremoveshisorherhandsfromthedrivingwheel—tocheckemail,say—thecar’smakerisresponsibleifthereisacrash.＂Thechangetotheroadtrafficlawwillpermitfullyautomaticdriving,＂saysDobrindt.Itwillputfullydriverlesscarsonanequallegalfootingtohumandrivers,hesays.Whoisresponsiblefortheoperationofsuchvehiclesisnotclearamongcarmakers,consumersandlawyers.＂Theliability(法律責任)issueisthebiggestoneofthemall,＂saysNatashaMeratattheUniversityofLeeds,UK.AnassumptionbehindUKinsurancefordriverlesscars,introducedearlierthisyear,insiststhatahuman＂bewatchfulandmonitoringtheroad＂ateverymoment.Butthatisnotwhatmanypeoplehaveinmindwhenthinkingofdriverlesscars.＂Whenyousay‘driverlesscars’,peopleexpectdriverlesscars.＂Meratsays.＂Youknow—nodriver.＂Becauseoftheconfusion,Meratthinkssomecarmakerswillwaituntilvehiclescanbefullyautomatedwithoutoperation.Driverlesscarsmayendupbeingaformofpublictransportratherthanvehiclesyouown,saysRyanCaloatStanfordUniversity,California.ThatishappeningintheUKandSingapore,wheregovernment-provideddriverlessvehiclesarebeinglaunched.ThatwouldgodownpoorlyintheUS,however.＂Theideathatthegovernmentwouldtakeoverdriverlesscarsandtreatthemasapublicgoodwouldgetabsolutelynowherehere,＂saysCalo.46.Whatdoesthephrase＂deathvalley＂inParagraph2referto?A.Aplacewherecarsoftenbreakdown.B.Acasewherepassingalawisimpossible.C.Anareawherenodrivingispermitted.D.Asituationwheredrivers’roleisnotclear.47.TheproposalputforwardbyDobrindtaimsto__________.A.stoppeoplefrombreakingtrafficrulesB.helppromotefullyautomaticdrivingC.protectdriversofallagesandracesD.preventseriouspropertydamage48.Whatdoconsumersthinkoftheoperationofdriverlesscars?A.Itshouldgettheattentionofinsurancecompanies.B.Itshouldbethemainconcernoflawmakers.C.Itshouldnotcausedeadlytrafficaccidents.D.Itshouldinvolvenohumanresponsibility.49.Driverlessvehiclesinpublictransportseenobrightfuturein_________.A.Singapore B.theUK C.theUS D.Germany50.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AutonomousDriving:WhoseLiability?B.FullyAutomaticCars:ANewBreakthroughC.AutonomousVehicles:DriverRemoved!D.DriverlessCars:RootofRoadAccidents【語篇解讀】這是一篇新聞報道。文章記敘了德國交通部長的對于自主駕駛車輛的規(guī)章制度的一個提議，引出說明了位于科技前沿的無人駕駛的自動化車輛在英國、新加坡和美國的不同前景?！窘馕觥靠疾樵~義猜想。根據(jù)第二段的句子thegreyareabetweensemi-autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedriverlessfuture可知選D?！窘馕觥靠疾橥评砼袛?。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容Theproposalattemptstodealwithwhatsomecallthe＂deathvalley＂ofautonomousvehicles…可知選B。z學科xx網(wǎng)k【解析】考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第六、七、八段內(nèi)容可知選D?！驹掝}解讀】這篇文章的內(nèi)容和每個人的生活都密切相關，講的是誰對新型交通工具——無人駕駛的全自動化的車輛負責，各國意見不一，學生應該有興趣閱讀。材料涉及科技前沿，文章篇幅適中，設題考查比擬全面，除了理解細節(jié)題，還需要適當?shù)耐评?，還有詞義辨析類的題目，對學生的能力考查得比擬全面。高考試題四〔2022年·新課標卷III〕題型體裁話題難度建議時間書面表達應用文交通問題★★★★☆20分鐘請閱讀下面文字及圖表，并按照要求用英語寫一篇150詞左右的文章?！緦懽鲀?nèi)容】1.用約30個單詞概述上述信息的主要內(nèi)容；2.結合上述信息，簡要分析導致交通問題的主要原因；3.根據(jù)你的分析，從社會標準(rulesandregulations)和個人行為兩方面談談你得到的啟示(不少于兩點)?！緦懽饕蟆?.寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語句；2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學校名稱；3.不必寫標題。【評分標準】內(nèi)容完整，語言標準，語篇連，詞數(shù)適當。

【參考范文】Thetrafficissueisahardnuttocrack.Itnotonlyaffectsoureverydaylife,butmayalsothreatenpeople’slives.Thethreeselectionspresentedabovearetypicalexamples.z學科xx網(wǎng)kInfact,trafficrulesarepartoftherulesandregulationscloselyrelatedtopublicorder.Withoutthem,peoplecouldnotenjoyharmonyorthecountrywouldbeinchaos.Butrulesalonedon’tsecureanorderlysociety.Itisthepeoplewhoobeytherulesthatmatter.Itiseverybody’sdutytoobservethemtokeepoursocietyinorderandbeingontherighttrack.=1\*ROMANI.閱讀理解A閱讀以下短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最正確選項。Theprivateautomobile(私家車)haslongplayedanimportantroleintheUnitedStates.Infact,ithasbecomeanecessaryandimportantpartoftheAmericanwayoflife.In1986,sixty-ninepercentofAmericanfamiliesownedatleastonecar,andthirty-eightpercenthadmorethanone.Bygivingworkersrapidtransportation,theautomobilehasfreedthemfromhavingtoliveneartheirplaceofwork.Thishasencouragedthegrowthofthecities,butithasalsoledtotrafficproblems.Forfarmfamiliestheautomobileisveryhelpful.Ithasmadeitpossibleforthemtotraveltotownveryoftenforbusinessandforpleasure,andalsototransporttheirchildrentodistantschools.Familylifehasbeenaffected(影響)invariousways.Thecarhelpstokeepfamiliestogetherwhenitisusedforpicnics,outings,andothersharedexperiences.However,whenteenagechildrenhavetheuseofthecar,theirparentscan’tkeepaneyeonthem.Thereisagreatdangerifthedriverhasbeendrinkingalcoholortakingdrugs,orshowingoffbyspeedingorbreakingdowntrafficlaws.Mothersofvictims(受害者)ofsuchaccidentshaveformedanorganizationcalledMADD(MothersAgainstDrunkDriving).Thesewomenwanttopreventfurthertragedies(悲劇).Theyhaveworkedtoencouragethegovernmenttolimittheyoungestdrinkingage.Studentshaveformedasimilarorganization,SADD(StudentsAgainstDrunkDriving)andarespreadingthesamemessageamongtheirfriends.FormanyAmericanstheautomobileisanecessity.Butforsome,itisalsoamarkofsocialpositionandforyoungpeople,asignofbecominganadult.Altogether,carsmeanverymuchtoAmericans.ofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthetext?A.Carshaveencouragedthegrowthofthecities.B.Carscanbringfamiliestogetherwhentheygoforpicnics.C.Carshaveenabledpeopletolivefarfromtheirplaceofwork.D.Carshelpcityfamiliestotransporttheirchildrentofarawayschools.hasbeendonetodealwiththeproblemofdrunkdriving?A.Parentshavepaidmoreattentiontotheirchildren.B.Someorganizationshavebeensetupagainstdrunkdriving.C.Mothershavetriedtopersuadetheirchildrennottodrinkalcohol.D.Universitystudentshaveaskedthegovernmenttosolvetheproblem.caninferfromthetextthat

inAmerica.willbemoredifficultforpeopletogetnewcarsB.parentswillnotallowtheirchildrentohavetheirowncarsC.thegovernmentwillencouragepeopletousepublictransportationD.carswillstillbepopularthoughtheyhavecausedmanyproblemsB根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。TheTransportIndustryInTheUKThetransportindustryemploysaroundmillionpeopleintheUKacrosssome196,000companies.Worthover￡75billiontotheeconomy,itensuresthatgoods,servicesandpeoplecanmoveasefficientlyaspossible.

1

Trafficandtransportconstructionjobsareessentialtoensurethattherearenolong-termdisruptions(中斷)intransport.Withouttrafficandtransportconstructionjobs,theTransportforLondonOrganizationwouldn’tbeabletomaintainitstrainortubelines.2

Opportunitiesinvolveconstructionworkandbuildingservicestomaintainfacilities(設施)suchasairportsandtrainstations.Italsoinvolvesanythingfromdesigningandcreatinganewbridgeorroad,todevelopinganewharbortoincreaseseafreight(海運).Somerolesrequireshiftwork.

3

.Dependingontherole,travelmayalsoberequiredeitherlocally,nationally,orinsomecases,internationally.Trafficandtransportconstructionjobshavenotescapedtheeffectsofaglobaleconomicdownturn.However,risingfuelcostshaveseenahugeincreaseinthenumberofpeopleusingpublictransport.

4Trafficandtransportconstructionjobswereimportantduringthe2022Games.Billionsofpoundswereinvestedintoimprovingthecapital’stransportfacilities.5

Itwasa12-carriagetrainthatlinkedKing’sCrossSt.PancrasstationstotheheartofLondoninjustsevenminutes.A.Withthetransportindustry,manypeoplewouldbeunemployedinUK.B.Thisincludedthe＂OlympicJavelin＂.C.Thiscanmeanworkingevenings,nightsandpossiblyweekends.D.Becauseofthesizeoftheindustry,anumberofcareeropportunitiesareavailable.E.Manystadiumswerebuiltatthattime.F.Thisisbecausetransportconstructionjobscarryoutallthenecessarymaintenancerequiredtokeeppublictransportsafeandrunning.G.Theindustrycanbedividedintothreemainsectors:surface,seaandairtransport.=2\*ROMANII.完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最正確選項。HomeontheWayPeopleneedhomes:children

1theirparents'placeashome;

2callschool＂home＂onweekdays;namedcouplesworktogethertobuildnewhomes;andtravelers...havenoplacetocall＂home＂,

3forafewnights.Sohowaboutp