2023年同等學力考試英語樣卷三及答案解析

2023年同等學力考試英語樣卷三及答案解析PartIllReadingComprehension(45minutes。25points)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection，therearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements，eachwithfoursuggestedanswersA，B．CandD．ChoosethebestanswerandmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet．PassageOne

Childhoodexposuretoagroupofchemicals，whichareusedwidelyinavarietyofproducts，includingwater-resistantclothingandmicrowavepopcorn，couldreducetheeffectivenessofcommonvaccines，anewstudyhasfound．

ResearchersattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealthinBostonlookedatover580childrenandfoundthatthosewhohadhigherconcentrationsoftheseperfluorinated(全氟化旳)compounds(PFCs)intheirbloodhadlowerimmuneresponsestodiphtheria(白喉)andtetanus(破傷風)vaccinations．

Aninsufficientimmuneresponsetoavaccinecanmeanachildisactuallyvulnerabletocatchingadiseaseeventhoughtheyhavebeenvaccinatedagainstit，theresearcherssaid．

“Whenwetakeourkidstothedoctor’sofficetogettheirshots，weexpectthatthevaccinesaregoingtowork．Whatwefoundwasthattherewasanincreasingriskthattheydidn’tworkifthekidshadbeenexposedtothePFCs，”studyauthorPhilippeGrand-jeanwasquotedassayingbyLiveScience.(21)Whatmakesthechildren’scommonvaccineslesseffectiveaccordingtothenewstudy?

A．Theexposureofchemicalstheyusedinchildhood．

B．Thereductionofaseriesofchemicalsinchildhood．

C．Childhoodconsumptionofchemicalproducts.

D．Childhoodcontactwithchemicalproducts．

(22)TheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealthexpertsfoundthattherewas______relationbetweenconcentrationsofchemicaldepositsinbloodandimmunity．

A．nodirect

B．a(chǎn)nunilateral

C．a(chǎn)direct

D．a(chǎn)nunpredictable

(23)Theword“vulnerable”(Para．3)isclosestinmeaningto“_____”

A．difficulttobeaffected

B．impossibletobeaffected

C．possibletobeaffected

D．easytobeaffected

(24)Theincreasingriskoflowimmunitywhichchildrenfaceiscausedby____．

A．theirexposuretochemicals

B．theirrefusalofgettingshotsofvaccines

C．thedoctors’irresponsibility

D．thepoorqualityofvaccinesPassageTwo

Inoursociety，wemustcommunicatewithotherpeople．Agreatdealofcommunicationisperformedonaperson-to-personbasisbythesimplemeansofspeech．Ifwetravelinbusesorstandinfootballmatchqueues，wearelikelytohaveconversationsinwhichwegiveinformationoropinions，andsometimeshaveourviewschallengedbyothermembersofsociety．

Face-to-facecontactisbynomeanstheonlyformofcommunicationandduringthelasttwohundredyearstheartofmasscommunicationhasbecomeoneofthedominatingfactorsofcontemporarysociety．Twothingsaboveothershavecausedtheenormousgrowthofthecommunicationindustry．Firstly，inventivenesshasledtoadvancesinprinting，photography，andsoon．Secondly，speedhasrevolutionizedthetransmissionandreceptionofcommunicationssothatlocalnewsoftentakesabackseattonationalnews．

Nolongeristhepossessionofinformationconfinedtoaprivilegedminority．Fortyyearsagopeopleusedtoflocktothecinema，butnowfarmorepeoplesitathomeandturnontheTVtowatchaprogramthatisbeingchanneledintomillionsofhomes．

Communicationisnolongermerelyconcernedwiththetransmissionofinformation．Themoderncommunicationsindustryinfluencesthewaypeopleliveinsocietyandbroadenstheirhorizonsbyallowingaccesstoinformation,educationandentertainment．Theprinting，broadcastingandadvertisingindustriesareallinvolvedwiththeirinforming，educatingandentertainingfunctions．Althoughagreatdealofthematerialcommunicatedbythemassmediaisveryvaluabletotheindividualandtothesocietyofwhichheisapart，thevastmodernnetworkofcommunicationsisopentoabuse．However，themassmediaarewithusforbetter，forworse,andthereisnoturningback．(25)Theauthorprobablymeansthatspeechonaperson-to-personbasisisthe_____meansofcommunication．

A．primary

B．secondary

C．a(chǎn)uxiliary

D．optional

(26)AccordingtoParagraph2，withtherapidcommunicationspeed，____________.

A．localandnationalnewsreachpeopleatthesametime

B．nationalnewsreachespeopleevenfasterthanlocalnews

C．localnewsreachespeoplefasterthannationalnews

D．twofactorsmaketheface-to-facecontacttheonlyformof

(27)Theword“confined”(Para．3)mostprobablymeans“________”

A．limited

B．confirmed

C．related

D．concealed

(28)AccordingtoParagraph4，whichofthefollowingisNOTwhatmoderncommunicationdoes?

A．Influencingpeople’smodeoflife．

B．Transmittinginformation．

C．Broadeningpeople’shorizons．

D．Keepingpeopleinterestedinindustries．

(29)Thelastparagraphimpliesthatthemassmediaasthevastmodernnetworkofcommunicationsislikelytofaceorhavemore______

A．criticisms

B．praises

C．condemnations

D．opportunities

PassageThree

Recruitingtherightcandidatetofillavacancycanbeadifficultandcostlytask．Appointingthewrongpersoncouldbeanexpensivemistakewhichcouldcausepersonnelproblemsforthewholedepartment．And，aseveryHRmanagerknows，itismuchmoredifficulttogetridofsomeonethanitistoemploythem．

TheHRmanager’sfirstdecisioniswhethertorecruitinternalapplicantsoradvertisethevacancyoutsidethecompany．Internalapplicantsareeasytorecruitbymemo，e-mailornewsletter．Furthermore，theyareeasytoassessandknowthecompanywell．However，theyrarelybringfreshideastoaposition．Moreover，arejectedinternalcandidatemightbecomeunhappyandleavethecompany．

Recruitingoutsidethecompanymeanseitheradvertisingthevacancydirectlyorusinganemploymentagency．Ifthecompanydecidestoadvertisethevacancydirectly，ithastodecidewheretoplacetheadvertisement．TraditionallythishasmeantnewspapersandprofessionaljournalsbutnowtheInternetisalsoverypopular．Thedecisionnormallydependsonthevacancy．Companiesadvertiseblue-collarorclericaljobsinlocalnewspapersandseniormanagementpositionsinnationalpapersorprofessionaljournals，whiletheInternetisoneofbestwaysofadvertisingITvacanciesorrecruitingabroad．However，withtheInternetthereisariskofreceivingunsuitableapplications,fromallovertheworld．

Anagencycanbeeitheracommercialbusinessoragovernmentemploymentcenter．Acompanyoftenusesagovernmentagencytoreruitblue-collarworkersbutnormallyprefersacommercialagencyforitswhite-collarstaff．However，acommercialagencycouldbeveryexpensiveandtheapplicantsarelesslikelytostaywiththecompanyforalongtime．(30)Thecentralideaofthefirstparagraphisthat_____．

A．findingtherightjobapplicanttofillavacancyisnevereasy

B．removinganundesirableemployerismoredifficultthanhiringhim

C．personalproblemscancomeupifthemanageremploysawrongcandidate

D．everyHRmanagerknowsthetroublesandexpensesofrecruitment

(31)Theadvantageofinternalrecruitmentisthat

．

A．itiseasyforthecompanytoevaluatetheinternalapplicants

B．thecandidatesknowthecompanywellenoughtostartworkrightaway

C．itisexpensivetorecruitbymeansofmemo，e-mailornewsletter

D．itistheHRmanager’sfirstdecisiontomakeoncehewantstorecruit

(32)Whatproblemistheinternalrecruitmentlikelytocause?

A．Theboss’newthoughtscannotbebroughttothejobrecruited．

B．Theunsuccessfulapplicantwillfeelsadandleavethecompany．

C．Therejectedapplicantwillbecomeunhappyandrefusetoworkhardanyfurther．

D．Itmightleadtounexpectedoccurrencesandnoarrivalofthedesired．

(33)Thetraditionalexternalrecruitmentadvertisementisthrough

A．localemploymentagencies

B．theInternet，blogorFacebook

C．newspapersandprofessionaljournals

D．directrecruitmentmeans

(34)TheproblemwiththeInternetasanexternalrecruitmentmethodistheriskofreceiving

．

A．a(chǎn)largenumberoffalsedocuments

B．a(chǎn)largenumberofundesiredapplications

C．a(chǎn)widevarietyofcandidatesthroughouttheworld

D．a(chǎn)greatvarietyofworld-widejunke-mailsPassageFour

Thismonthisexpectedtoseethatseminal(有創(chuàng)意旳)momentwhendigitalcinemawilloutstripthe35mmtechnologythathasbeenthedominantprojectionformatinmovietheatresforover120years．In2023，digitalaccountedforonly15％ofglobalscreens．ButthemovieAvatarchangedallthat.

3Dmoviesrequireddigital，andAvatar’sphenomenalsuccesswith3Dpushedcinemastoadoptdigitalscreens．IMSScreenDigestcinemaIntelligenceServiceestimatesthatbytheendof2023，digitalwillaccountfor63％ofscreens，andby2023，83％．

AmajorityofthosescreenswillbebasedonTexasInstruments’digitallightprocessing(DLP)technology，atechnologythatusesmillionsoftinymirrorsonatinychip,eachofthemcapableofmovingthousandsoftimespersecondtocreateadigitalimage．Thatsametechnologytodayisalsobeginningtobeusedincellphonesanddigitalcameratoprojectimagesinthosedevicesontoordinarysurfaces．

Thatwillbeabiggeropportunity，saysKentNovak，TexasIntruments’seniorVPforDLPproducts,whowasinBangalorerecently.

Cinemasaremovingrapidlytodigitalscreens．Why?

Thefirstdigitalmoviewaspremiered(首演)in1999．Initiallyitwasthoughtmovingtodigitalwouldgivebetterpicturequalityandcostsavings，butittookmanyyearsforafewsystemstogetdeployed．AndthenAvatarhappened．Thatwasreallythetippingpoint．In2023，153Dmovieswerereleased；in2023，itwascloseto50．Theatreswereabletogetmorepeopleandgetahigherpricefortheticket，soitbecameasignificantrevenuegenerator．Wehaveseenmoreconversionoffilmtodigitalinthelasttwoyearsthaninthepreviousten．

Youarenowbringingthetechnologytosmallerdevices．

Wearemovingtoputthesechipsintocellphones，digitalstillcameras，camcorders，laptopaccessories,tablets,dockingstations,mediaplayers.We’vebeenhearingofpico(handheld)projectorsforsometimenow．Butwedon’treallyseeproductsinthemarket．Thetechnologyhasonlyrecentlyreachedatippingpointintermsoflightingefficiencyandtotalbrightness．Threeyearsago，1wattofpowercouldgetthebrightnessmeasurementofabout51umens．Todaythat1wattcangive20lumens(makingtheprojectedimagebrighter)．Wedesignedthechiptobemoreefficient．Also，theindustrydriverforefficiencyisLED．TheamountofinvestmentgoingintoLEDisenormous．Astechnologyhasimproved，volumeshavegoneup，andcosthascomedown．MicromaxandSpiceinIndiahaveputprojectioneveninsomeoftheirfeaturephones；Samsunghasputprojectiononsomeoftheirphones．NikonhasDLPembeddedinsomeoftheirdigitalstillcameras，Sonyhasthemincamcorders．

Whataretheusecasesthatyousee?

Youcanuseyourphonetoshowvideoclips，pictures，powerpointpresentations，andmakeitasharedexperience．Indiahasbeenmoreprogressiveinadoptingthetechnologybecausefeaturephonesareaphoneduringthedayandbecometheprimaryentertainmentsourceintheevenings．IndiaalsohasmobileTVphoneswithpreloadedBollywoodmoviesthatcanbeprojectedoutofthephone．

(35)Theword“outstrip”inthefirstparagraphmostpossiblymean“______”

A．takeoff

B．outlive

C．surround

D．surpass

(36)Thesuccessofthe3DmovieAvatarbroughta(n)______increaseinthedigitalglobalscreens．

A．1imited

B．subtle

C．a(chǎn)mbiguous

D．dramatic

(37)Whatmakesthedigitalscreenspossible，accordingtothepassage?

A．Digitallightprocessingtechnology．

B．Useofmillionsoftinymirrorsonthechip．

C．Thechipcapableofmovingthousandsoftimespersecond．

D．TheAmericanmovieentitledAvatarmadeinHollywood．

(38)Whyarecinemasmovingrapidlyintodigitalscreensaccordingtotheauthor?

A．Becausedigitalscreenscanbringownersofcinemasmuchmoreprofits．

B．Becauseownersofcinemasareinfavorofnewhightechnologydevices．

C．Becausedigitalscreenscangivefilmviewersabetterpicturequality．

D．Becausemoreandmore3DfilmslikeAvatararereleasedinrecentyears

(39)Theword“revenue”(Para．5)isclosestinmeaningto“_____”

A．a(chǎn)dventure

B．income

C．ventilation

D．motion

(40)TheauthormentionsMicromax，Spice，Samsung，NikonandSonytoprovethat_____．

A．DLPtechnologyhasmadearapidprogressinincreasingbrightnessofimages

B．LEDisgettingmoreefficientandmorewidelyusedinelectronicdevices

C．thesecompaniesaremakingmoreandmoreprofitsbyadoptingLED

D．thesecompaniesaretakingdifferentattitudestowardsLEDapplications

(41)By“makeitasharedexperience”inthelastparagraphtheauthormeansthat_____．

A．featurephonesareenrichingpeople’sinteractionsintheirlife

B．a(chǎn)cellphoneusercansharehisphonewithotherpeoplearound

C．IndiahasbeenmoreprogressiveinadoptionofDLPtechnology

D．SpicecompanycanpreloadmoviesintothephoneSectionB

Directions：Inthissection，youarerequiredtoreadfourpiecesofnewsanddecidewhichofthefourtitlesmarkedA，B，CandDisbestsuitedtoeachofthem．ChoosethebestanswerandmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet．A．Nokiaposts$1.38bnlossinfourthqtr

B．Goldsurgesto7-weekhighof$1720

C．R-PowerropesinGermanutilityformining

D．“Wearecreating，notstealingjobsinUS，Europe”(42)______

LONDON：GoldpricessoaredThursdaytothehighestlevelinalmostsevenweeksasthedollarweakenedaftertheUSFederalReservevowedtokeepinterestratesnearzeroformorethantwoyears．

Thepreciousmetalroseupto$1，720．35anounceontheLondonBullionMarket—thehighestlevelsinceDecember9butstillfarbelowtherecordpeakof$1，921．15struckonSeptember6．

“WiththeUSFederalpledgingtokeepinterestratesincheckuntillate2023，goldsoared，”saidRoseNorman，bossofBritish-basedbullionbrokerSharpPixley．“Althoughtherewasheavyspeculativebuying,anxiousinvestorsjoinedthefraywhoareconcernedbycurrencydepreciationasglobalcentralbanksuseeasymonetarypoliciestofloodmarketswithcash.”(43)_____

Davos：WithHCLTechannouncing10，000jobsforlocalsintheUSandEurope，IndiaInconThursdaychosetheWEFmeettosendastrongmessagethatIndiaITfirmsarecreatingandnotstealingjobsintroubledwesterneconomies．AmessageemergedfromBritishPMDavidCameron’sadvicetoEUthatinsteadofbeingathreat，emergingeconomieslikeIndiacanbeofgreathelptoEurope．

ConcludingFTAwithIndiabytheyear-endwouldbeinEurope’sinterest，hesaid．“TherehastobeFTAs，bilateraltradeagreementswithcountrieslikeIndiaandSingaporealongwithothercountries，”hesaid．

(44)_____

Helsinki：MobilephonemakerNokiaCorppostedafourth-quarternet