北師大高中英語(yǔ) Unit 單詞課文講解筆記

Warm-up&Lesson11.Listentopeopletalkingaboutextremesportsandadventureholidays.(P21)(1)extreme①adj.極端的，極其的②adj.遠(yuǎn)離中心的，末端的③n．[C]極端﹡Sometimesheeatstoomuchandsometimesheeatsnothing.﹡Hegoesfromoneextremetotheother.extremelyadv.極端地，極其，非常extremityn．極限，極度，末端，盡頭gotoextremes走極端intheextreme極其，非常extremecrisis極端嚴(yán)重的危機(jī)extremeemotion極端強(qiáng)烈的情感extremejoy極其快樂(lè)anextremecase一起極端案件extrememeasures極端措施(2)adventuren．奇遇，冒險(xiǎn)的經(jīng)歷◆venture與adventure①venture“冒險(xiǎn)”，既可作名詞，又可作動(dòng)詞，多指冒生命危險(xiǎn)或重大的經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。②adventure只用作名詞，所冒之險(xiǎn)一般只是刺激性強(qiáng)，并無(wú)多大危險(xiǎn)，用作復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，意為“冒險(xiǎn)故事”。(l)Theheatinthedesertis___________.A．extremeB．fierceC．crudeD．bare(2)Every____hasthepossibilityofmakingorlosingmoney.A.eventB.ventureC.adventureDexpectation2．Explore:aforest，adesert，anotherplanet(P21)探索：一片森林、一片沙漠、另一顆行星★desert(1)n．沙漠，不毛之地(2)vt.遺棄，拋棄(3)vt.背棄，離開(kāi)desertern．逃兵，開(kāi)小差的人desertedadj.無(wú)人居住的，被拋棄的1.Thebaby'smotherwassostonythatshe____himsoonaftergivingbirth.A．designedB．desiredC．desertedD．demanded31)optionaladj.可選擇的，非強(qiáng)制的1）optionn．[U]選擇，選擇權(quán)，選擇自由；[C]（供）選擇的事物atone'soption隨意2）havenooptionbuttodosth.不得不做某事(1)Hehadnooptionbut____．A.goB.goingC.goneD.togo(2)Sandycoulddonothingbut____tohisteacherthathewaswrong.A.admitB.admittedC.admittingD.toadmit注意：在句型nooptionbuttodosth.或nothingbut/excepttodosth．中，如果前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的某一種形式，介詞but或except后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。4．Justimagine．(P22)試想一下。imaginevt想象，設(shè)想n．想象……doingsth.想象做某事imagine+sb．doingsth．想象某人做某事that/wh-從句想象……sb．/sth．tobe+n．/adj.想象某人／某物是…imaginationn.想象力，想象出來(lái)的東西，幻想imaginativeadj.有想象力的，幻想的imaginableadj.可想象的，想象得到的imaginaryadj.想象出來(lái)的(l)-Doyouthinkwe'llhavegoodweather?-Iimagine____．A．itB．thatC．soD．to(2)Idon'tsupposeanyoneiswillingtogotherealone______？A．doIB．don'tIC．dotheyD．a(chǎn)rethey注意：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第一人稱，imagine后接的賓語(yǔ)從句為否定意義時(shí)，要否定的是主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，即否定轉(zhuǎn)移。其他有類(lèi)似用法的動(dòng)詞有：think，believe,suppose,expect等。Idon'tthinkitisagoodidea.5.Thefoodcookingonthefiresmellsgreatandwhileyouarehavingahotcupoftea,yourelaxandwatchthesungodown.(P22)烤在火上的食物散發(fā)著誘人的香味，你喝著一杯熱茶，輕松地欣賞著日落。1）godown（船）下沉，（價(jià)格）下跌，（溫度等）下降，（洪水等）下落goagainst違反，對(duì)……不利goaway離開(kāi)，走開(kāi)goback回去goby過(guò)去，（時(shí)間）逝去goinfor從事，喜好gooff離去，去世，爆炸goout出去，熄滅gothrough通過(guò)，經(jīng)歷，仔細(xì)看goup上升，上漲gowith與……協(xié)調(diào)、搭配gowithout沒(méi)有……也行g(shù)oover檢查，復(fù)習(xí)(1)Wouldyouplease____thisformformetoseeifI'vefilleditinrightAtakeoffB．lookafterC．giveupD．goover(2)-Didn'tyouhaveagoodtimeattheparty?-OfcourseIdid.Asamatteroffact,Ihadsuchfunthattimeseemedto___soquickly.A．gobyB．goawayC．gooutD．goover6.Hikingtripscanbeuncomfortableandevendangerous.(P22)徒步旅行可能并不舒服，甚至還很危險(xiǎn)。can是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，在本句中表示“有時(shí)會(huì)，時(shí)而可能”。1)ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butit____berathercoldsometimes.A.mustB.canC.shouldD.would7.Theyknowallthebestroutesandbestplacestocamp.(P22)他們熟知所有的最佳路線和最好的宿營(yíng)地?！飏oute①n．路線，路程②vt.（經(jīng)由專門(mén)的路線）輸送，運(yùn)送routineadj.例行的，常規(guī)的；n．例行公事，慣例，慣常的程序(2)本句中的tocamp是動(dòng)詞不定式，充當(dāng)places的定語(yǔ)。(l)-Heisamanwithmanyexperiences．-Yes,inthe___ofhislonglife,hehasexperiencedmanychanges．A．courseB．routeC．wayD．routine(2)-Wouldyouliketojoinusplayingbasketball．Tom?-I'dliketo,butIhavealotofhomework______A．todoB．doC．betodoD．doing注意：使用動(dòng)詞不定式充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題當(dāng)作定語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，可用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)todo形式和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)tobedone形式，但含義不同。﹡Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么東西要寄嗎？（tosend的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是you。）﹡Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？（tobesent的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse。）②當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式既有邏輯主語(yǔ)又有邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，該不定式只能用主動(dòng)形式todo。﹡Iwillbuyyouabooktoread.我要給你買(mǎi)本書(shū)讀。（toread的邏輯主語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者是you，toread的邏輯賓語(yǔ)是abook。）作定語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式中的動(dòng)詞如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者動(dòng)詞不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，動(dòng)詞不定式后面必須有相應(yīng)的介詞。﹡Heislookingforaroomtolivein．﹡Thereisnothingtotalkabout．8.Andourporterscarryyourluggage,whichmeansthatyoucansimplyenjoytheexperience.(P22)我們的搬運(yùn)工則會(huì)幫你搬運(yùn)行李，這樣你就可以盡情地享受旅行了。該句是含有which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。which代指ourporterscarryyourluggage。定語(yǔ)從句中又含有由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句youcansimplyenjoytheexperience★mean(1)vt.（指字、句等）表示，意指，意味著(2)vt，圖謀，計(jì)劃，意欲，企圖(3)vt.有……征兆，可能造成……(4)vt.指定，預(yù)定（某人或某物供……之用）(5)vt.對(duì)……重要，對(duì)……有價(jià)值(6)meanwellbysb．對(duì)……懷有善意meaninglessadj.無(wú)意義的，無(wú)目的的meaninglyadv.有意義地，故意地(1)TheScienceMuseum,_______wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain,isoneofLondon'sA．whichB．whatC．thatD．where（2）-Thatwouldmean____alotoflabour.-Really?Idon'tmean.____anylabour.A.waste；towasteB．towaste；wastingC．wasting,towasteD．towaste：wastemeaningn．意義，含義，企圖；adj.意味深長(zhǎng)的mean后接動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式意義不一樣，后接動(dòng)名詞表示“意味著……”，接動(dòng)詞不定式表示“打算……，意欲……”。類(lèi)似用法的單詞或短語(yǔ)很多，stoptodosth.停止、中斷正在做的事后去做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止做某事forgettodosth.忘記要去做某事（未做）forgetdoingsth．忘記做過(guò)某事（已做）remembertodosth．記得去做某事（未做）rememberdoingsth．記得做過(guò)某事（已做）regrettodosth.遺憾要做某事（未做）regretdoingsth．遺憾做過(guò)某事（已做）trytodosth．努力、企圖做某事trydoingsth.試驗(yàn)、試著做某事goontodosth．做了一件事后，接著做另一件事goondoingsth．繼續(xù)做原來(lái)做的事beafraidtodosth．不敢去做某事（是主觀上的原因不去做）beafraidofdoingsth.擔(dān)心出現(xiàn)做某事的狀況或結(jié)果9.AccommodationisincomfortablehotelsinBeijingandLhasa,hostelsonthehikingtrip,andone-ortwo-persontentsforcamping.(P22)在北京和拉薩，食宿在舒適的飯店，旅途中住旅店，宿營(yíng)地則配有單、雙人帳篷。(1)[U]住所，住處，停留處(2)住宿，膳宿（常用復(fù)數(shù)）(3)[C，U]和解rentedaccommodation租的住處furnishedaccommodation有家具的住處makeaccommodationsfor為……提供膳宿r(nóng)each/cometo/arriveatanaccommodation達(dá)成和解1）I'11make_______foryouduringyourjourneytomyhometown.A．a(chǎn)ccommodatingB．dinnerC．a(chǎn)ccommodateD．a(chǎn)ccommodations10.Forpeoplewhoprefertospendsometimeonthecoast,wecanorganiseyourtravelandaccommodationtoo.(P22)如果你更喜歡在海邊停留些日子，我們也可以為你安排旅行和住宿。prefer寧愿，較喜歡，愿意sth．n．/doingto+n．/doingprefer+todosth./doingsth,todosth.ratherthandosth.sb.todosth.wouldliketodowouldlikesb.todofeellikedoingfeellikeone'sdoingprefertodo/doing(would/should)prefersb.todowouldratherdowouldrathersb.did/haddonewouldratherdo...thando...寧愿做……而不愿做……woulddo...ratherthando...1)I____visitingtemplestogoingtothebeach.A．a(chǎn)mpreferringB．a(chǎn)mpreferredC．preferD．a(chǎn)mtoprefer11.Thehikecosts￡2,500includingallflightsandaccommodation．(P22)旅行費(fèi)用為2，500英鎊，包括所有機(jī)票費(fèi)和住宿費(fèi)。(1)costvt需付費(fèi)，價(jià)錢(qián)為，使喪失；n.價(jià)格，成本，代價(jià)▼ata/thecostof費(fèi)用為……，以……為代價(jià)atallcosts/atanycost不惜任何代價(jià)，無(wú)論如何◆cost，spend，take與pay四者都有“花費(fèi)”之意，區(qū)別主要在搭配上。①spend：主語(yǔ)（人）+spend+賓語(yǔ)（時(shí)間、金錢(qián)）+(in)doingsth．；主語(yǔ)（人）+spend+賓語(yǔ)（時(shí)間、金錢(qián)）+onsth.。②cost:主語(yǔ)（事或物）+cost+賓語(yǔ)（人+時(shí)間／金錢(qián)）（無(wú)被動(dòng)式）。③take：主語(yǔ)（it作形式主語(yǔ)）+take+賓語(yǔ)（人+時(shí)間）+todosth．；主語(yǔ)（物）+take+賓語(yǔ)（時(shí)間）+todo。④pay:主語(yǔ)（人）+pay+賓語(yǔ)（金錢(qián)）+forsth．。(2)includingprep．包括，包含includedadj.包括的，包含的includevt．包括，包含◆contain與include①contain指某種容器“裝有，容納”某物，賓語(yǔ)作為組成部分被“包含”或“容納”在內(nèi)。②include是“包括，包含”的意思，強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)是整體的一部分或要素。(1)Theseshoeslookverygood.Iwonder____．A．howmuchcosttheyareB．howmuchdotheycostC．howmuchtheycostD．howmucharetheycost(2)–Mum,Idislikethevegetables.-Helpyourselftothem,dear.They____alotofvitaminC．A.includeB.holdC.takeD.contain(3)Everyone,____,showedgreatinterestwhenImentionedyouwouldgoforahikewithus.A.includethreelittlegirlsB.threelittlegirlsincludeC.includingthreelittlegirlsD.includedthreelittlegirls12．Maximumgroupsizeis15people．(P22)每組最多15人。maximumn．(pl.maxima/maximums)最大，最多，最大限度；adj.最大的，最多的maximum的反義詞是minimum。1)What'sthe______amountofwineyouareallowedtotakethroughcustomsduty-free?A.bigB.minimumC．greatD．maximum13.Howdothetouristsdifferfromlocalpeople?(P23)游客與當(dāng)?shù)厝嗽趺床煌?？differvi不一致，不同﹡Opinionsonthesubjectdiffergreatly．differfrom...與……不同differin...在……方面不同differwithsb．on/about/oversth．在……方面與某人持不同意見(jiàn)bedifferentfrom...與不同tellthedifferencebetweenAandB區(qū)分A與B的不同之處makeadifference有影響，有差異makenodifference沒(méi)有影響1)Leavesarefoundonallkindsoftrees,buttheydiffergreatly____sizeandshape.A．onB．fromC．byD．in14.Fromthatmomenttheystartedtofeelanxiousandtheysleptbadlythatnight．(P23)從那時(shí)起，他們開(kāi)始感到擔(dān)心，并且那天晚上他們睡得很不好?！颽nxiousadj.(1)不安的，（非正式）渴望的beanxiousabout/for...為……擔(dān)心beanxioustodosth．/forsth．渴望做某事beanxiousthat...渴望……(2)使人焦慮或擔(dān)心的anxiouslyadv.焦慮地，急切地anxietyn．焦慮，渴望，熱望◆eager與anxious＊eager強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)成功的渴望，含有積極的意義；anxious強(qiáng)調(diào)“擔(dān)心，憂慮”，對(duì)結(jié)果表示不安。(1)Mymotheralwaysgetsabitifwedon'tarrivewhenwesaywewill.AanxiousB．a(chǎn)shamedC．weakD．patient(2)Whenwesaidweweregoingtothezoo,littleJeanwas_____togowithus.A．a(chǎn)nxietyB．a(chǎn)nxiouslyC．a(chǎn)nxiousD．a(chǎn)nxiousnessLesson2&Lesson31.Peopledoextremesportsinordertofeelexcited.(P24)人們做極限運(yùn)動(dòng)是為了感到興奮?！飅norderto為了◆inordertodo作目的狀語(yǔ)比todo語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)烈。若把動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)表達(dá)出來(lái)，可構(gòu)成inorderforsb．todo結(jié)構(gòu)。其否定形式為inordernottodo◆inorderto與soasto兩者意義相同，皆引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)，但其位置值得注意：inorderto可放在句首，也可放在句中，而soasto只能放在句中。[譯]為了趕上第一班公共汽車(chē)，我早早地起床。[誤]Soastocatchthefirstbus,Igotupearly.[正]Igotupearlysoastocatchthefirstbus.=IgotupearlysothatIcouldcatchthefirstbus.=InordertocatchthefirstbusIgotupearly.=IgotupearlyinorderthatIcouldcatchthefirstbus.(1)_____thiscake,you'llneed2eggs,175gsugarand175gflour.A．HavingmadeB．MakeC．TomakeD．Making(2)Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately______intimeforChristmas.A.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceiveC.soastobereceivedD．soasbereceiving2Snowboardinghassimilaritieswithsurfing．(P24)單板滑雪與沖浪有相似之處。1)similarity(1)n．[C]類(lèi)似點(diǎn)，相似點(diǎn)(2)n．[U]類(lèi)似性，相似性similaradj.相似的similarlyadv.相似地，同樣地，相同地besimilarto與……相似3．Icediverswalkupsidedownundertheice．(P24)冰下潛水運(yùn)動(dòng)員在冰下倒著走。1)upsidedown(1)倒置，顛倒(2)亂七八糟，東倒西歪wrongsideout(指衣服、帽子等)里面朝外的（1）AlthoughMarywearsfashionableclothes,everythinginherroomis____.A.inorderB.upsidedownC.wrongsideoutD.outoforders4．Ican’tstandslowsports．(P24)我不能忍受慢速運(yùn)動(dòng)。1）standvt經(jīng)受，承受，忍受standdoingsth.容忍做某事standsth.承受，忍受某事／某物▲bear,endure,tolerate與stand(1)bear通常表示忍受一件沉重的、困難的事情，但側(cè)重忍受的能力，不太強(qiáng)調(diào)其態(tài)度。bear的賓語(yǔ)如果是人或事物，后面有時(shí)加with，如果賓語(yǔ)是抽象的概念，則通常不加with,bear多用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。(2)endure強(qiáng)調(diào)默默地、無(wú)怨言地忍受，但不屈服，多用于否定句，常和can，could,beableto連用。(3)tolerate主要指容忍與自己的愿望相反的事情。人之所以能tolerate，常常是由于不太關(guān)心某事，是為了求得安寧、平靜。(4)stand“忍耐，忍受，頂住”，在口語(yǔ)中，stand常被用來(lái)表示bear或endure的意思。(1)Ican'tstand_______withmyhusbandanymore.Hegets____everyday.A．live：drinkB．living；drinkClive：drunkD．living；drunk(2)Modernplasticscan____veryhighandverylowtemperatures.A．standB．suitC．passD．make5.WhenIturnedupformyfirstjumplwassonervousthatItriedtobackout,butmyfriendspersuadedmetogothroughwithit．(P25)當(dāng)我第一次出現(xiàn)在蹦極現(xiàn)場(chǎng)時(shí)，我很緊張，企圖退出，但是我的朋友們說(shuō)服我跳了下去。本句為but連接的并列句，且在第一個(gè)分句中又含有when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和so…that…引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。(1)gothroughwith照承諾（或計(jì)劃）去做，將……進(jìn)行到底▲gothroughwith與gothroughgothroughwith主要指完成（或做完）艱難或令人不快的事。gothrough主要指經(jīng)歷（或遭受）磨難或痛苦的事。(2)turnup出現(xiàn)，調(diào)大音量，把……向上翻turnaround轉(zhuǎn)身turnagainst背叛turndown拒絕，調(diào)低turnoff關(guān)掉turnout關(guān)掉，熄滅，證明是，開(kāi)除turnto求助于，翻到turnadeafearto不理會(huì)turnover翻，翻身，翻轉(zhuǎn)，打翻(1)-ThewomanbiologisthadstayedinAfricastudyingwildanimalsfor13yearsbeforeshereturned.-Oh,dear!She____alotofdifficulties!‘A．maygothroughB．mightgothroughC.oughttohavegonethroughD.musthavegonethrough(2)She'shavingalotoftroublewiththenewcomputer,butshedoesn'tknowwhomto____.A．turntoB．lookforC.dealwithD.talkabout(3)-Whatareyoureading,Tom?-I'mnotreallyreading,just____thepages.A.turningoffB.turningaroundC.turningoverD.turningup6．Butit'sworthwaitingfor．(P25)但這值得等待。worthadj.等值的，值錢(qián)的beworth+n．（常指價(jià)值）beworth+doing值得做……◆worth,worthy與worthwhile(l)worth只能作表語(yǔ)，后常接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。(2)worthy作定語(yǔ)時(shí)指“有地位的，有價(jià)值的”；作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用beworthyof+n./beworthytobedone/beworthyofbeingdone結(jié)構(gòu)。(3)worthwhile可以作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)時(shí)指“值得花時(shí)間（或花錢(qián)、努力等）去做的”；作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成Itisworthwhiledoingsth．/todosth．結(jié)構(gòu)。這本書(shū)值得一讀。Thebookisworthreading.=Thebookisworthyofbeingread.=Thebookisworthytoberead.=Itisworthwhilereadingthebook.=Itisworthwhiletoreadthebook.(1)Itisworthconsideringwhatmakesconveniencefoodssopopular,and____betteronesofyourown.A.introducesB.tointroduceC.introducingD.introduced(2)Itisnot____todiscusstheplanagainandagain.A．worthB．worthyC.worthwhileD.worthywhile7.It'sdifficulttogetacrosshowexcitingitis!(P25)很難讓人理解它有多么令人興奮！getacross使理解（某事）(1)Asateacher，youmust____whatyouteachtoyourstudents.AgetinB．getaroundC.getacrossD.getthrough8.TheEmperorwasimpressedbyhimandtheybecamefriends．(P26)他給皇帝留下了深刻的印象，兩個(gè)人成了朋友。impressvt．給予強(qiáng)烈印象，使留下深刻印象，使銘記，使意識(shí)到be(deeply/strongly)impressedby對(duì)……印象深刻impresssb．withsth．/sb．以……給某人留下深刻的印象impresssth．/itselfon/uponsth．使銘記某物；某物給……留下深刻印象impresssth．on/uponsb．使某人意識(shí)到某物（的重要性或嚴(yán)重性等）impressionn．印象，感想，想法，看法impressiveadj.令人贊嘆的，令人欽佩的impressionableadj.（人，尤指年輕人）易受影響的makeanimpression(on/uponsb．)（給某人）留下印象makenoimpression沒(méi)有效果，不起作用(be)undertheimpressionthat...以為……，（通常指）誤認(rèn)為……(1)ThespeechbythemayorofShanghaibeforethefinalvotingforEXP02010isstronglyimpressed____mymemory.A．toB．overC．byD．on(2)Hiswordsarestronglyimpressed____mymemory,whichistosayIamdeeplyimpressed____them.A.with;onB.with;byC.on;byD.at;with(3)I'msurethebeautyof____naturetherewillmake____excellentimpressionuponyou.A.the;anB.／;theCthe;／D./;an9.Marco,inturn,wasamazedbyhowbeautifulandpowerfulChinawasP26馬可同時(shí)也被中國(guó)的美麗和強(qiáng)大所震撼。(1)inturn輪流，依次，逐個(gè)地，反過(guò)來(lái)◆關(guān)于turn(順序)的常用結(jié)構(gòu)taketurnstodosth．／(at)doingsth.輪流做某事it'sone'sturntodosth．輪到某人做某事waitone'sturntodosth.等候輪到某人做某事takeone'sturn依次，輪到某人byturns輪流，依次(2)amazevt.使驚愕（驚奇）amazedadj.吃驚的，驚奇的amazingadj.令人驚異的amazementn．驚奇，驚異(1)Peopletrytoavoidpublictransportationdelaysbyusingtheirowncars,andthis____createsfurtherproblems.A．inshortB．incaseC．indoubtD．inturn(2)Thenewswasso____thatallofuswere_____atit.A.amazing;amazedB.amazed;amazingC.amazing;amazingD.amazed;amazed10.Hewasalsoconfusedbytheblackstonespeopleusedtoburnforfuel.(P26)他也不明白為什么人們用黑色的石頭作燃料。confusevt.(1)把（某人）弄糊涂，使迷惑，使為難(2)使（某物）模糊不清，使混淆confuseAwithB把A與B混淆confusetheissue/matter/argument攪亂問(wèn)題／事情／爭(zhēng)論confusesb．弄亂某人，使某人困惑confusingadj.莫名其妙的，難以理解的confusedadj.糊涂的，迷亂的，混雜的confusionn．困惑，混亂beconfusedabout對(duì)……感到困惑／迷惑create/leadtoconfusion造成混亂oconfusion使……陷于混亂(1)I______youwithyoursisterA.encounteredB.confusedC.bewilderedD.puzzled(2)Iwasso________abouttoday'shistorylesson.Ididn'tunderstandathing.A．a(chǎn)mazedB．neglectedC．confusedD．a(chǎn)mused11.Notlongafterhisreturn,alocalwarbrokeoutnearhistown．(P26)他回國(guó)后不久，一場(chǎng)區(qū)域性的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)在他家鄉(xiāng)附近爆發(fā)了。1)breakout(故爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)等)爆發(fā)，（疾?。┩蝗话l(fā)生2)breakout為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，同樣用法的還有takeplace,comeabout,dieout等。breakoff(使)折斷，突然停止（講話等）breakinto破門(mén)而入，闖入breakawayfrom掙脫，擺脫，脫離breakup分解（物理變化），破裂1）Abigfire____inthehotellastnight,butallthepeople____escapefromit.Abrokeout：couldB.brokeout;wereabletoC.wasbrokenout:couldD.wasbrokenout;wereableto12．ButMarcoalwaysstoodbyhistales．(P26)但是馬可總是信守他所講的每一個(gè)故事?！飐tandby(1)遵守，堅(jiān)持(2)站在一旁，袖手旁觀(3)忠于（某人），支持，站在……一邊(4)在一旁隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備行動(dòng)1)Agoodfriendisonewhowill______youwhenyouareintrouble.A．standforB．standbyC．standuptoD．standupwith13.Hewenttoacitywhereironwasproducedinhugequantities.(P27)他去了一個(gè)大批量生產(chǎn)鐵的城市★quantityn.(1)[U]量，大小，重量(2)[U，C]數(shù)目，數(shù)量（尤指巨大的）★quantitiesofaquantityof...許多的……，大量的……inquantity大量地‘quantitativeadj.數(shù)量的，量的，定量的qualityn．質(zhì)，質(zhì)量，品質(zhì)，特性，品種●quantitiesof作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。1）Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth_____eachyear.A.iswashingawayB．isbeingwashedawayCarewashingawayD.arebeingwashedawayLesson4&CC1.Onhisway,hereceivedamessagefromtheNorwegianexplorerRoaldAmundsen...(P28)在途中，他收到一條來(lái)自挪威探險(xiǎn)家羅爾德·阿蒙森的信息……onone'sway在途中onone'swayto在去……的路上（可引申為“即將，就要……”▼inaway從某種程度上intheway擋道alltheway-路上bytheway順便提一下onone'swayto中的介詞to，后跟副詞時(shí)應(yīng)省略。如：onone'swayhome在某人回家的路上。2bothteamsorganisedfoodbasesinpreparationfortheirjourneysthenextyear.(P28)……兩隊(duì)人都建立了食物基地，為他們下一年的旅程做準(zhǔn)備。★preparationn．準(zhǔn)備，預(yù)備，配制品inpreparation在準(zhǔn)備中makepreparationsfor為……做準(zhǔn)備preparevt.準(zhǔn)備，預(yù)備，籌備，配制，調(diào)制；vi．準(zhǔn)備prepareone'slessons準(zhǔn)備功課be(well)preparedfor/todosth．對(duì)某事／做某事有（充分的）準(zhǔn)備prepareameal做飯prepareforanexam為考試做準(zhǔn)備prepareforanattack準(zhǔn)備應(yīng)對(duì)攻擊(1)Mother___supperwhenIcamein.A.ispreparingforB.preparedC.ispreparingD.waspreparing(2)Themid-termexamiscoming;thestudentsarebusy____theexam．A.preparingB.preparingforC.toprepareD.topreparefor3.Thencamethetotaldarknessofthepolarwinter.(P28)接著，漆黑的極地冬天開(kāi)始了。這是一個(gè)倒裝句，主語(yǔ)是thetotaldarknessofthepolarwinter，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為came。倒裝的原因是句子的主語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)，為了保持句子平衡而把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞came直接置于主語(yǔ)之前，這種倒裝稱為完全倒裝?！羰褂玫寡b句的幾種情況：(1)為了平衡句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，常常將地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)放在句首，以引起一個(gè)倒裝句。﹡Underthattreesitsabeautifulgirl.(2)在以here，there，then，now，out，in，up，down，away，ahead等副詞開(kāi)頭的句子中，常使用完全倒裝。但是如果句子的主語(yǔ)是代詞，則句子不倒裝。＊Theregoesthemonitor．＊Herecomesthebus．＊Nowcomesyourturn．＊Outherushed.(3)therebe句型也屬于完全倒裝句。﹡Therearemanybeautifulparksinourcity▲當(dāng)否定副詞（如never，hardly等）放在句首時(shí)，句子要部分倒裝。﹡NeverbeforehaveIseensuchamovingfilm.=Ihaveneverseensuchamovingfilmbefore.(1)Atthefootofthemountain____avillage.A.lyingB.liesC.liedD.laid(2)Onthewall______twolargepictures.A.hangsB.hangC.hangedD.hanging(3)“Never______tohurtyourfeelingswhilelwasexpressingmyselfinthediscussion.”explainedJim.A.IexpectedB.expectedIC.hadIexpectedD.didIexpect4.First,histwosledgesbrokedown,andthenthehorsesbegantohaveseriousdifficultieswiththesnowandthecold.(P28)先是他的兩個(gè)雪橇壞了，后來(lái)馬匹開(kāi)始應(yīng)付不了大雪和嚴(yán)寒的天氣。1)breakdown(1)（因機(jī)械、電力等故障）停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，失靈，失效，壞了(2)失敗，崩潰，瓦解，垮了(3)(指某人的健康狀況）變得惡劣，垮掉(4)感情失去控制(5)中止，停頓(6)猛擊某物使其毀壞(7)使某物瓦解，鎮(zhèn)壓，克服，破壞某物(8)使分解（為）(1)Thetelephonesystem____suddenlywhilehewascallinghismother.A．brokedownB．brokeoutC．brokeupD．brokein(2)-HowaboutyourjourneytoMountEmei?-EverythingwaswonderfulexceptthatourcarA.sloweddownBbrokedownC．gotdownD．putdown(3)Watercanbe______intohydrogenandoxygen.A.brokedownB.brokendownCbrokenupD．brokeup5.TheywereshockedwhentheysawtheNorwegianflag.(P28)當(dāng)他們看到挪威國(guó)旗時(shí)，他們感到很震驚。1)shock(1)vt.震驚，驚駭shocksb.使某人震驚beshockedby/at被……震驚Itshockssb.todosth.做某事使某人震驚(2)vt.（通常用被動(dòng)）使受電擊(3)n．[C，U]（重?fù)?、碰撞、爆炸等引起的）劇烈震?dòng)(4)n．[C，U]激動(dòng)，震驚，驚愕，令人震驚的事shockedadj.驚愕的，（感到）震驚的shockingadj.可怕的，令人震驚的，令人氣憤的，非常糟糕的(1)Thenewsofhisdeathcameas____tousall.A．shockB．shocksC．shockingD．shocked(2)Everybodygot____whentheyheardthe____story.A．shocked：shockedB．shocking；shockingC．shocked；shockingD．shocking；shocked6.Scottwrotesadlyinhisdiary:“Well,wehavenowlostthegoalofourambitionandmustface800milesofhardpushingandgoodbyetomostofourdreams?！?P28)斯科特在日記中痛苦地寫(xiě)道：“咳，我們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)失去了雄偉的目標(biāo)，還得面對(duì)800英里的艱難跋涉——和我們的許多夢(mèng)想說(shuō)再見(jiàn)吧?！?1)goaln．①目標(biāo)，目的②（足球等的）球門(mén)③進(jìn)球得分get/scoreagoal得分short-termgoal短期目標(biāo)long-termgoal長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)keepagoal保持目標(biāo)achieveagoal實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)(2)ambitionn．[U]抱負(fù)，雄心，野心；[C]夙愿，期望得到的東西ambitiousadj.有抱負(fù)的，雄心勃勃的，有野心的(1)Lucyhas____allofthegoalsshesetforherselfinhighschoolandisreadyfornewchallengesatuniversity．A．a(chǎn)cquiredB．finishedC.concludedD.achieved(2)Mybrother'splansarevery______;hewantstomasterEnglish,FrenchandSpanishbeforeheissixteen.A.arbitraryB.aggressiveC.ambitiousD.abundant7.Themenweresoonexhaustedandwererunningoutoffood．(P28)這些人很快就精疲力竭了，而且食物也快吃完了。(1)exhaustedadj.極其疲倦的①在句中作表語(yǔ)②在句中作定語(yǔ)③在句中作狀語(yǔ)★exhausted與exhaustingexhausted和exhausting都是由動(dòng)詞exhaust派生出來(lái)的分詞形容詞，但意義完全不同。①exhausted“感到疲倦的”，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義，說(shuō)明人或物處于“被……所勞累”的狀態(tài)。②exhausting是現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞，表明某種行為有“令人疲倦”的特征，含有主動(dòng)意義。(2)runoutof用完(sth．)runout(某物)用完runafter追求，追逐，追趕runintosb.偶然遇見(jiàn)某人runintosth．撞上某物◆runoutof昀主語(yǔ)是sb．，其后跟sth．作賓語(yǔ)，意思是“某人用光了某物”，不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?！魊unout的主語(yǔ)是sth．，其后不跟賓語(yǔ)，且不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，意思是“某物用光了”。(1)Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJohnreturnedhome,___.A.exhaustingB.exhaustedC.beingexhaustedD.havingexhausted(2)Thearmyhas_grain.Theyareinaverydifficultsituation.A.runacrossB.runoutofC．runoffD．runinto(3)-Doyouthinkweshouldacceptthatoffer?-Yesweshould,forwe____suchbadluckuptillnow,andtime____out.A．havehad；isrunningB．had；isrunningC．have：hasbeenrunD．havehad;hasbeenrun8．Theweatherconditionswereterrible．(P28)天氣情況異常惡劣。conditionn．狀況，條件，環(huán)境，形勢(shì)under...condition在……條件下incondition健康狀況良好outofcondition健康不佳，情況不好onnocondition決不onconditionthat(=onlyif)只要，假如，如果conditionn.(1)[C]條件（可指生活、工作、氣候等條件及提出的條件）(2)(pl)情況，環(huán)境(3)[U]狀況，狀態(tài)(l)Inonetypeofheartsurgery,forexample,only15percentofpatientsimprovedtheir____afterthesurgery.A.conditionB.statesC．healthesD．bodies(2)Youmayborrowthebook,______youdonotlendittoanyoneelse.A.ingoodconditionB.onconditionthatC.innoconditionD.incondition9....weareverycheerful,butwhateachmanfeelsinhisheartIcanonlyguess．(P28)……我們看上去都很愉快，但我能猜出大家心里的想法。在本句中，but連接兩個(gè)并列分句。在后一個(gè)分句中，what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作guess的賓語(yǔ)?！艋仡檞hat引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句連接代詞what可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句，在從句中what可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，意思是“什么，所……的，……的東西”。＊Whatreallymattersisthatsheworeapairofwhiteshoes.（what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，what在從句中作matters的主語(yǔ)。）（what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，what在從句中作is的表語(yǔ)。）＊Whetherwayswillbefoundtostoppollutionornotisjustwhatworriesthepublic．（what引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，what在從句中作worries的主語(yǔ)，）＊Theyhavenoideaatallwhatheisworkingon.（what引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，what在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。）(1)Somechildrenwanttochallengethemselvesbylearningalanguagedifferentfrom____theirparentsspeakathome.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.one(2)Itisuncertain_____sideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit．A.thatB.whatC.howD.whether10.However,ontheirwaybacktheyfoundtimetolookforrocksP28盡管如此，在返程途中，他們還抽時(shí)間采集巖石。1)lookfor(1)尋找或?qū)で螅橙耍澄铮?2)盼望或期待（某事物）looksb．upanddown上上下下地打量某人lookaftersb./sth.照顧某人／負(fù)責(zé)某事物lookdownonsb．/sth.看不起某人／某物lookforwardtosth．/doingsth.欣然期待某事物／做某事lookon旁觀lookout(forsb．/sth．)當(dāng)心，小心（某人／某物）lookintosth．調(diào)查或觀察某事物lookthrough仔細(xì)查看，瀏覽lookup向上看，查找lookaround環(huán)顧lookuptosb.贊賞或尊敬某人(1)_______!Thereisatraincoming.A.LookoutB.LookaroundC.LookforwardD.Lookon(2)Theyhave____thecase,buttheresultisstillnotknowntous．A.lookedonB.lookedupC.lookedintoD.lookedaround(3)Whenyoumeetwithanewword,youcan____inthedictionary.A.lookforitBlookintoitClookatitD．lookitup11.Later,theserocksprovedthatatonetimeinthedistantpasttheAntarcticwascoveredbyplants．(P28)后來(lái)，這些巖石證實(shí)，在遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)期，南極洲曾經(jīng)被植被覆蓋。1)provevt．&vi．證明，證實(shí)；Linkingv．結(jié)果是，證明是provesth.tosb．向某人證明某事prove(tobe)+n,．/adj.結(jié)果是……，證明是…．prove表示“結(jié)果是，證明是”之意時(shí)，是系動(dòng)詞，不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(1)Themachine____satisfactoryafterbeingtested．A.hasprovedB.hasbeenprovedC.hasbeenprovenD.isproved(2)Duringthelong-termcooperation,Mr,Li____asmart,honest,andtrust-worthyman.A．a(chǎn)ppearedB．madeC．turnedD．proved12.Scottandtwoofhisteammemberscarriedonandgotwithinelevenmilesofoneoftheirfoodbases。(P28)斯科特和兩名隊(duì)友繼續(xù)前進(jìn)，到達(dá)距離其中一個(gè)食物基地不足1l英里的地方。(1)carryon①繼續(xù)（做某事）②參加，進(jìn)行或舉行carryaway拿走，使失去自制力，使入迷carrysb.backtosth.使某人回憶起某事carrysth.off贏得某物，奪走、搶走某物carryout實(shí)行，執(zhí)行，進(jìn)行，開(kāi)展(2)withinprep.在……里面，在……內(nèi)部，不超過(guò)……（時(shí)間或范圍）inanhour指“1小時(shí)后”，withinanhour指“1小時(shí)內(nèi)”。(l)-It'sagoodidea.Butwho'sgoingto____theplan?-IthinkTomandGeorgewill.A．setasideB．carryoutC．takeinD．getthrough(2)Itsavestimeinthekitchentohavethingsyouusealot____easyreach.A．nearB．uponC．withinD．a(chǎn)round13.HehadfailedtowintheracetothePole,buttheextraordinarycourageshownbyCaptainScottandhismenmadethemintoheroes.(P28)盡管他輸?shù)袅吮枷驑O地的賽跑，但斯科特上校和他的伙伴們所表現(xiàn)的非凡勇氣足以使他們成為英雄。本句中的shownbyCaptainScottandhismen為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾courage。f