高三英語(yǔ)專題突破之閱讀理解01

一Thirteencanbeachallengingage.NotonlydidIhavetoadapttomychangingbody,Ialsohadtodealwithmyparents’bitterdivorce,anewfamilyandtheupsettingmovefrommycountryhometoacrowdedtown.Whenwemoved,mybelovedcompanion,asmallbrownponyhadtobesold.Iwasheartbrokenandterriblylonely.Icouldn’teatorsleepandcriedallthetime.Finally,realizinghowmuchImissedmypony,myfatherboughtmeanotherhorse,Cowboy.Cowboywaswithoutdoubttheugliesthorseintheworld.ButIdidn’tcare.Ilovedhimbeyondallreasons.Ijoinedaridingclub.WhenCowboyandIenteredtheeventswherethehorsewasjudgedbyappearance,wewerequickly"shownthegate".IknewnothingcouldturnCowboyintoabeauty.Myonlychancetocompetewouldbeinthetimedspeedevents.Ichosethejumpingrace.ForthewholenextmonthwepracticedrunningandjumpingforhoursinthehotsunandthenIwouldwalkCowboyhome,totallyexhausted.Allofourhardworkdidn’tmakemefeelconfidentbythetimetheshowcame.OnegirlnamedBeckyrodeabigbrownhorseintheraceevents.Shealwayswontheblueribbons.IsatatthegateandsweatedalloutwhileIwatchedBeckyandherhorsechargethroughthecourtandfinishinfirstplace.Myturnfinallycame.Atthesignal,wedashedtowardthefirstfence,jumpedoveritwithouttroubleandracedontothenextone.Cowboythenflewoverthesecond,thirdandfourthfenceslikeabirdandIturnedhimtowardthefinishline.Nocheersfilledtheair.Theendofourrunwasmetwithsurprisedsilence.CowboyandIhadbeatenBeckyandherfancyhorsebytwoseconds!Igainedmuchmorethanablueribbonthatday.Atthirteen,Irealizedthatnomatterwhattheodds,I’dalwayscomeoutawinnerifIwantedsomethingbadlyenoughtoworkforit.Icanbetheownerofmydestiny.1．WhydidtheauthorlikeCowboysomuchinspiteofitsugliness?A.Becauseshelovedhorsesmorethananythingelse.B.BecauseCowboywasastrongandsmartyounghorse.C.BecauseCowboyhadalotincommonwithherpony.D.Becauseshewassadandlonelyandneededacompanion.2．Theaudiencefellintosilenceattheendoftherunprobablybecause.A.theydidn’texpectCowboywouldwintheeventB.theywereunhappythatBeckywasbeatenintheeventC.theydidn’tlikeCowboy,foritwastoouglyD.theyneversawahorserunningasfastasCowboy3．Afterthecompetition,theauthorcametorealizethat.A.sheoughttogatherthecouragetosolvealltheproblemsB.itwastimetoforgetherponyandtreatCowboybetterC.sheneededtoworkhardertowinmoreblueribbonsD.shecouldbethegodofherownfateifshetriedhardenough4．Itcanbeinferredfromthestorythat.A.alloftheirhardtrainingwastotallyinvainB.ablueribbonmustbethesecondhighestprizeC.CowboylostintheeventofbeingjudgedbyappearanceD.bothBeckyandtheauthorwoninthejumpingevent二Artrobberyandartforgery(仿造)arebothmajorthemesincrimemoviesandliterature.Inthe2012comedymovieGambit,BritishactorColinFirthplaysanartcuratorwhocheatshisabusivebossintobuyingafakeMonet.Inreality,artcrimesarenolessinterestingandexciting.

AccordingtoTheNewYorkTimes,overthepast15years,GlafiraRosalesfooledtwolocalcommercialartgalleriesintobuying63falseworksofartformorethan$30million.Shepassedofffakepaintingsasworksby20thcenturymodernistmasterssuchasAmericanartistsMarkRothkoandJacksonPollock.Butinfact,theseso-called"newlydiscoveredworks"wereallproducedbyasingleman,aChineseimmigrantnamedPei-ShenQian.

TheartworldwasshockedbyRosales’deception.Buttothepublic,itwasamusingandalmostsatisfyingtoseewealthypeoplegettricked.

Sowhatdecidesthevalueofapieceofart?Isitbeauty?Isittheartist’stalentandcraftsmanship?Orisitjustbecausetheartistisfamous?

Weshouldtakebeautyout.Ifthebuyerswerebuyingpaintingsonlyfortheirbeauty,they’llbecontentdisplayinggoodfakesontheirwalls.Theywouldn’tbesoupsetwhenaforgeryisexposed.

Theartmarketclaimsthatgreatartistsareinimitable,andthatthisinimitabilityjustifiestheabsurdpriceoftheirworks.Wecan’tdenythatmostfamousartistsaregoodatwhattheydo,butforgerslikeQianshowthattheirworksareimitable.Otherwise,thedifferencebetweentheoriginalandthecopycatswouldbeobviousandRosaleswouldnotbeabletofoolanyone.

AccordingtoanarticleinTheEconomist,expensivepaintingsarewhateconomistscallpositionalgoods.Theyarevaluablebecauseotherpeoplecan’thavethem.Withothergoods,ahigherpricereducesdemand.Butartturnsdownthelawsofeconomics."Whenthegoodsthatisreallybeingpurchasedisevidencethatthebuyerhaspaidalot,priceincreasescausedemandtoboom,"explainedthearticle.That’swhyscarcityandauthenticityaresoimportantintheartmarket.Artistssometimesforgetthis.DemienHirst,theBritishpopartist,isfamousforhisspotpaintings.Buttheydroppedinvaluewhenitbecameclearthattheyhadbeenproducedinquantitiessovastthatnobodyknewhowmanywereoutthere.Theartmarketlostfaithinthesepaintingsbecausenoonecouldbesurewhichofthemwereauthenticandwhichwerefake.5．Thefirstparagraphismeanttotellthereadersthat.A.moviesandliteraturewillbepopularwithartinvolvedinthemB.artcrimesareasinterestingandexcitinginrealityasinmoviesC.GambitisagoodmoviewithartforgeryasthemajorthemeD.realartcrimesinrealitycanbeadaptedintopopularfilms6．Whoisamusedandsatisfiedtoseetherichbuyforgedworksofart?A.Thepublic.B.GlafiraRosales.C.Pei-ShenQian.D.MarkRothkoandJacksonPollock.7．Whatkindofartbuyersshouldnotbeunhappywithitshighpriceswhenaforgeryisexposedaccordingtotheauthor?A.Thosewhobuyonlyforitsbeauty.B.Thosewhobuyforitsinimitability.C.Thosewhobuyforitsauthenticity.D.Thosewhobuyforitsscarcity.8．Whatisthelawofeconomicstheorybehindartgoodsaccordingtotheeconomists?A.Theyarevaluablegoods.B.Highpricesreducethedemandofartgoods.C.Highpricesincreasethedemandofartgoods.D.Theyareproducedinquantitiestosatisfypeople.三Workingwellinateamrequiresfullcooperation.It’sanimportantskillforalmosteveryemployeetohave.Yourabilitytodoyourjobisdependentuponothersgettingyourworkdone,andothersdependonyoutogettheirworkdone.Communicatewell.Lackofcommunicationisoneofthebiggestreasonsofateam’sfailure.Seekinputfromteammemberssotheyfeellikeavaluablepartoftheteam.Communicationestablishestrustamongteammembers.Inaddition,communicatingwellcanhelppreventandresolveconflict.Meetregularlytokeepmembersinvolvedandawareofyourworkprogress.Postdecisionswhereeveryoneintheteamcanseethem.Beflexible.Inteamwork,prioritiesandresponsibilitycanchangeinstantly.Stayreadytoshiftfocus.Trainingteammemberstobeabletodopartsofotherteammembers’jobscanbeavaluablepartofteamwork;beingflexiblehelpstobuildappreciationforallthepartsoftheteam.Meetdeadlines.Workhardtoensureyoumeetestablisheddeadlineswhenyouworkinateamenvironment.Othersaredependingonyourwork.Negotiatetimelineswithyourteammatesatthestartofaproject.Doingsoallowsyoutohaveasayinhowworkgetsaccomplished.

Establishaccountability.Allteammembersmustberesponsibleforthesuccessandfailureoftheproject.Althoughnoteveryteamneedsaleader,teamsrequireaformalwaytoensureeveryonedoeshispart.Tryusingmeetingstoreportonprogress.Celebrateaccomplishmentsandencouragetheteam.Seniorexecutivesmaynotalwaysrecognizetheimportanceofsometeammembers’work.Sharecongratulationsatteammeetingsandtalkaboutwhoseworkisinvaluableinhelpingyougetyourworkdone.9．Whatcanyouconcludefromthefirstparagraph?A.Workinginateammeansyourworkisseparate.B.Workinginateammeansyourworkiseffective.C.Beingamemberofateammeansyourworkisindependent.D.Beingamemberofateammeansyourworkisinterdependent.10．Whichofthefollowingdeedsdoesnotcontributetoeffectiveteamwork?A.Keepingsilentinateamdiscussion.B.Beingabletodopartsofothers’job.C.Acknowledgingothers’workpublicly.D.Holdingmeetingstoreportonprogress.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"accountability"refertointhefifthparagraph?A.Success.B.Responsibility.C.Insurance.D.Community.12．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.HowtoSucceedinCommunicatingwithOthersB.HowtoWorkEffectivelyinaTeamEnvironmentC.WaystoWorkWellinCompletingProjectsD.WaystoImprovetheEfficiencyofEmployees四Workingwithagroupofbaboons(狒狒)intheNamibiandesert,Dr.AleciaCarteroftheDepartmentofZoology,CambridgeUniversitysetbaboonslearningtasksinvolvinganovelfoodandafamiliarfood,hiddeninabox.Somebaboonsweregiventhechancetowatchanotherbaboonwhoalreadyknewhowtosolvethetask,whileothershadtolearnforthemselves.Toworkouthowbraveoranxiousthebaboonswere,Dr.Carterpresentedthemeitherwithanovelfoodorathreatintheformofamodelofapoisonoussnake.Shefoundthatpersonalityhadamajorimpactonlearning.Thebraverbaboonslearnt,buttheshyonesdidnotlearnthetaskalthoughtheywatchedthebaboonperformthetaskoffindingthenovelfoodjustaslongasthebraveonesdid.Ineffect,despitebeingmadeawareofwhattodo,theywerestilltooshytodowhattheexperiencedbaboondid.Thesameheldtrueforanxiousbaboonscomparedwithcalmones.Theanxiousindividualslearntthetaskbyobservingotherswhilethosewhowererelaxeddidnot,eventhoughtheyspentmoretimewatching.Thismismatchbetweencollectingsocialinformationandusingitshowsthatpersonalityplaysakeyroleinsociallearninginanimals,somethingthathaspreviouslybeenignoredinstudiesonhowanimalslearntodothings.Thefindingsaresignificantbecausetheysuggestthatanimalsmayperformpoorlyincognitive(知的)tasksnotbecausetheyaren'tcleverenoughtosolvethem,butbecausetheyaretooshyornervoustousethesocialinformation.Thefindingsmayimpacthowweunderstandtheformationofcultureinsocietiesthroughsociallearning.Ifsomeindividualsareunabletogetinformationfromothersbecausetheydon'tasso