藍(lán)皮書閱讀理解3

閱讀Passage13-18第四次作業(yè)、第五次作業(yè)和第六次作業(yè)共有18篇文章，均為統(tǒng)考必考文章，你碰到原文的可能性非常非常大，請(qǐng)務(wù)必認(rèn)真完成。Passage13BBBDBIntheUnitedStates,itisnotcustomarytotelephonesomeoneveryearlyinthemorning.Ifyoutelephonehimearlyintheday,whileheisshavingorhavingbInsociallife,timeplaysaveryimportantpart.Inthegueststendtofeeltheyarenothighlyregardediftheinvitationtoadinnerpartyisextendedonlythreeorfourdaysbeforethepartydate.Butitisnottrueinallcountries.Inotherareasoftheworld,itmaybeconsideredfoolishtomakeanappointmenttoofarinadvancebecauseplanswhicharemadeforadatemorethanaweekawaytendtobeforgotten.Themeaningoftimediffersindifferentpartsoftheworld.Thus,misunderstandingsarisebetweenpeoplefromculturesthattreattimedifferently.PromptnessisvaluedhighlyinAmericanlife,forexample.Ifpeoplearenotprompt,theymayberegardedasimpoliteornotfullyresponsible.Inthenoonewouldthinkofkeepingabusinessassociatewaitingforanhour,itwouldbetooimpolite.Apersonwhois5minuteslate,hewillsayafewwordsofexplanation,thoughperhapshewillnotcompletethesentence.譯文：在美國(guó)，人們通常不會(huì)在大清早給別人打電話。如果你清晨給某人打電話，而他正在刮胡子或吃早餐，這時(shí)的電話就表明事情非常重要，需要立即采取行動(dòng)。而在晚上11點(diǎn)后打電話，也表示同樣的意思。某人在睡覺時(shí)接到電話，他會(huì)認(rèn)為事情處于生死存亡的關(guān)頭。因此，打電話所選擇的時(shí)間表明了電話的重要性。在社會(huì)生活中，時(shí)間是很重要的一部分。在美國(guó)，如果在聚會(huì)前三四天才給客人發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)，客人會(huì)感到?jīng)]有受到高度重視。但在其他一些國(guó)家，情況并非如此。在世界其它一些地區(qū)，過早約定時(shí)間也許會(huì)讓人覺得很愚蠢。因此，提前一個(gè)多星期通知往往會(huì)被對(duì)方忘記。在世界不同地區(qū)，時(shí)間的意義也不同。因此不同文化背景的人看待時(shí)間不同，而誤會(huì)也就產(chǎn)生了。例如，守時(shí)在美國(guó)社會(huì)被給予高度的重視。誰不守時(shí)會(huì)被認(rèn)為沒有禮貌或沒有責(zé)任感。在美國(guó)，沒有人想讓一位商業(yè)合伙人等上一小時(shí)。那樣就太不禮貌了。誰遲到5分鐘，都會(huì)解釋一下，盡管有時(shí)并沒把解釋的話說完整。Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?（以下哪項(xiàng)表達(dá)了本文的中心思想？）ItisnotcustomarytotelephonesomeoneinthemorningandinsleepinghoursintheTheroleoftimeinsocialHfeovertheworld.（世界各地時(shí)間在社會(huì)生活中扮演的角色。）Ifpeoplearenotprompt,theymayberegardedasimpoliteornotfullyresponsibleintheNoteverycountrytreatstheconceptoftimeasthesame.Whatdoesitmeaninthepassageifyoucallsomeoneduringhisorhersleepinghours?（根據(jù)本文，如果你在某人睡覺時(shí)間打電話給他，意味著什么？）A.Amatterofwork.B.AmatterofUfeordeath.（這是一件生死攸關(guān)的大事）C.Youwanttoseehimorher.D.Youwanttomakeanappointmentwithhimorher.Whichofthefollowingtimeisproperifyouwanttomakeanappointmentwithyourfriend?（如果你想約你的朋友，以下哪個(gè)時(shí)間是比較恰當(dāng)?shù)模浚〢.at7:00amB.at4:00pm（下午4點(diǎn)）CatthenightD.at4:00amWhichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage?（根據(jù)本文，以下哪項(xiàng)陳述是正確的？）Inthegueststendtofeeltheyarehighlyregardediftheinvitationtoadinnerpartyisextendedonlythreeorfourdaysbeforethepartydate.Thereisnomisunderstandingarisingbetweenpeopleformdifferentculturesabouttheconceptoftime.ItmaybeconsideredfoolishtomakeanappointmentwellinadvanceinthePromptnessisvaluedhighlyinAmericanhfe.（準(zhǔn)時(shí)在美國(guó)社會(huì)是受到高度重視的。）Fromthepassagewecansafelyinferthat（從本文我們可以得出什么？）A.ifsamatteroflifeordeathifyoucallsomeoneinthedaytime.B.themeaningoftimediffersindifferentpartsoftheworld.（世界各地的時(shí)間觀念是不同的。）C.itmakesnodifferenceinthewhetheryouareearlyorlateforabusinessparty.D.ifapersonislateforadate,heneedn'tmakesomeexplanation.Passage14BDCCCTherearethreekindsofgoals:short-term,medium-rangeandlong-termgoals.Short-termgoalsarethosethatusuallydealwithcurrentactivitieswhichwecanapplyonadailybasis.Suchgoalscanbeachievedinaweekorless,ortwoweeks,orpossibly,months.Itshouldberememberedthatjustasbuildingisnostrongerthanitsfoundation,long-termgoalscannotamounttoverymuchwithouttheachievementofsolidshort-termgoals.Uponcompletingourshort-termgoals,weshoulddatetheoccasionandthenaddnewshort-termgoalsthatwillbuildonthosethathavebeencompleted.Theintermediategoalsbuildonthefoundationoftheshort-termgoals.Theymightdealwithjustonetermofschoolortheentireschoolyear,ortheycouldevenextendforseveralyears.Anytimeyoumoveastepatatime,youshouldneverallowyourselftobecomediscouragedoroverwhelmed.Asyoucompleteeachstep,youwillenforcethebeliefinyourabilitytogrowandsucceed.Andasyourlistofcompletiondatesgrow,yourmotivationanddesirewillincrease.Long-termgoalsmayberelatedtoourdreamsofthefuture.Theymightcoverfiveyearsormore.Lifeisnotastaticthing.Weshouldneverallowalong-termgoaltolimitusorourcourseofaction.譯文：目標(biāo)有三種：短期目標(biāo)，中期目標(biāo)和長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)。短期目標(biāo)是根據(jù)每日制定的為了處理當(dāng)前事物的目標(biāo)。短期目標(biāo)可以以少于一個(gè)星期，一個(gè)星期，兩個(gè)星期，或者可能的話一個(gè)月來完成。我們必須記住，打地基比砌墻更需要堅(jiān)實(shí)，長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)脫離了扎實(shí)的短期目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)是不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。短期目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)是以以前完成的目標(biāo)為前提的。中期目標(biāo)是在短期目標(biāo)的基礎(chǔ)上指定的。可以以一個(gè)學(xué)期或整個(gè)學(xué)年為周期指定，或者延長(zhǎng)至幾年。每次你根據(jù)目標(biāo)前進(jìn)了一步，都不要讓自己感到?jīng)]有信心或者壓力重重。當(dāng)你完成了一個(gè)目標(biāo)，你都會(huì)增加成功的信心。并且當(dāng)你完成目標(biāo)的日期越來越近，你的動(dòng)力和希望都會(huì)增加。長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)可以和我們未來的夢(mèng)想相關(guān)聯(lián)?？梢允俏迥昊蛭迥暌陨系哪繕?biāo)。生活不是一成不變的。我們不能讓長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)制約了我們或我們的行為。Ourlong-termgoalsmeanalot.（如果怎樣，我們的長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)將意義深遠(yuǎn)？）Ifwecannotreachsolidshort-termgoalsIfwecompletetheshort-termgoals（如果我們能完成各個(gè)短期目標(biāo)）ifwehavedreamsofthefutureifweputforwardsomeplansNewshort-termgoalsarebuiltupon.（短期目標(biāo)是以什么為前提的。）A.adailybasisB.yourachievementinaweekC.currentactivitiesD,thegoalsthathavebeencompleted（前完成的目標(biāo)）Whenwecompleteeachstepofourgoals,.（每完成一個(gè)目標(biāo)，將會(huì)怎樣？）wewillwinfinalsuccessweareoverwhelmedweshouldbuildupconfidenceofsuccess（增加我們成功的信心。）weshouldhavestrongdesireforsettingnewgoalsWhatisthemainideaofthispassage?（這篇短文的中心思想是什么？）Lifeisadynamicthing.weshouldsetuplong-termgoals.DifferentkindsofgoalsisHe.（目標(biāo)的不同種類。）Thelimitationoflong-termgoals.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiswrongaccordingtothepassage?（根據(jù)短文，下面哪種說法是錯(cuò)誤的？）Thelong-termgoalscannotamounttoverymuchwithouttheachievementofsolidshort-termgoals.Theintermediategoalsbuildonthefoundationoftheshort-termgoals.Lifeisastaticthing,thusweshouldneverallowalong-termgoaltolimitusorourcourseofaction.（生活是一成不變的，所以我們不能讓長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)制約我們的生活和我們的行為。）Weshouldoftenaddnewshort-termgoalstothosewhichhavebeencompleted.Passage15DCDBAHowmenfirstlearnttoinventwordsisunknown;inotherwords,theoriginoflanguageisamystery.Allwereallyknownisthatmen,unlikeanimals,somehowinventedcertainsoundstoexpressthoughtandfeelings,actions,andthings,sothattheycouldcommunicatewitheachother;andthatlatertheyagreeduponcertainsigns,calledletters,whichcouldbecombinedtorepresentthosesounds,andwhichcouldbewrittendown.Thosesounds,whetherspokenorwritteninletters,wecallwords.Thepowerofwords,then,liesintheirassociationsthingstheybringupbeforeourminds.Wordsbecomefilledwithmeaningforusbyexperience;andthelongerwelive,themorecertainwordsrecalltousthegladandsadeventsofourpast;andthemorewereadandlearn,themorethenumberofwordsthatmeansomethingtousincreases.Greatwritersarethosewhonotonlyhavegreatthoughtsbutalsoexpressthesethoughtsinwordswhichappealpowerfullytoourmindsandemotions.Thischarmingandtellinguseofwordsiswhatwecallliterarystyle.Aboveall,therealpoetisamasterofwords.Hecanconveyhismeaninginwordswhichsinglikemusicandwhichbytheirpositionandassociationcanmovementotears.Weshouldthereforelearntochooseourwordscarefullyandusethemaccurately,ortheywillmakeourspeechsillyandvulgar.譯文：人們最初是如何發(fā)明單詞的不得而知，換句話說，語言的起源是個(gè)秘密。所有我們所知道的只是，人，不同于動(dòng)物，不知怎么發(fā)明了某些聲音來表達(dá)思想、情感、行為和物質(zhì)，以便相互交流;后來統(tǒng)一了某些被稱為字母的符號(hào)，這些字母可以連起來代表那些聲音，可以寫下來。我們把那些聲音叫做單詞，不管他們是口語還是書面語。文字的力量在于其聯(lián)想性一即文字可以使事物呈現(xiàn)在我們的腦海中。通過經(jīng)歷，單詞對(duì)我們充滿了意義。我們活得越久，某些單詞就越能使我們回憶起過去的喜怒哀樂；我們閱讀和學(xué)習(xí)得越多，有意義的單詞數(shù)量就越增加。偉大的作家是那些不僅具有偉大思想而且能用詞匯來表達(dá)這些思想的人，他們的思想強(qiáng)烈地震撼著我們的心靈和情感。對(duì)單詞的這種美妙和具有影響力的使用，就是我們所謂的文學(xué)性。更重要的是，真正的詩人是文字大師。他可以用音樂般的詞匯來表達(dá)自己的意思，這些詞匯憑借其所用環(huán)境和聯(lián)想性能讓人感動(dòng)得流淚。因此，我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)仔細(xì)選擇所用詞匯并準(zhǔn)確使用，否則會(huì)使我們說的話可笑又粗俗。Theoriginoflanguageis（語言的起源是什么？）A.alegendhandeddownfromthepastB.amatterthatishiddenorsecret.C.aquestiondifficulttoanswer.D,aproblemnotyetsolved.（一個(gè)還未解決的問題）Whatistrueaboutwords?（關(guān)于語言哪一項(xiàng)是對(duì)的？）A.Theyareusedttoexpressfeelingsonly.B.TheycannotbewrittendownC.Theyaresimplysounds.他們就是聲音D.Theyaremysterious.Therealpowerofwordsliesintheir.（文字的真正力量在于什么？）A.propertiesB.characteristicsC.peculiarityD.representativefunction（代表功能）By“association”,theauthormeans.（作者用“聯(lián)想性”這個(gè)詞指什么？）A.aspecialqualityB.ajoiningofideasinthemind.（頭腦中思想的聯(lián)接）C.anappearancewhichispuzzling.D.astrangefeature.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherealpoetisNOTtrue?（關(guān)于真正的詩人下列哪項(xiàng)不正確？）A,Heisnomorethanamasterofwords.（他只不過是一個(gè)文字大師。）Hecanconveyhisideasinwordswhichsinglikemusic.Hecanmovementotears.Hisstyleisalwayscharming.Passage16BABCBShynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shypeopleareanxiousandself-conscious;thatis,theyareexcessivelyconcernedwiththeirownappearanceandactions.Worrisomethoughtsareconstantlyoccurringintheirminds:Whatkindofimpressionam/makina?Dotheylikeme?DoIsoundstupid?AmIwearingunattractiveclothes?Itisobviousthatsuchuncomfortablefeelingmustnegativelyaffectpeople.Aperson'sconceptionofhimselforherselfisreflectedinthewayheorshebehaves,andthewayapersonbehavesaffectsotherpeople'sreactions.Ingeneral,thewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasaprofoundeffectonallareasoftheirlives.Shypeople,havinglowself-esteem,arelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers.Theyneedreassurancethattheyaredoing“therightthing.nShypeopleareverysensitivetocriticism:theyfeelitconfirmstheirfeelingsofinferiority.Theyalsofinditdifficulttobepleasedbycomplimentwithastatementlikethisone:"You'rejustsayingthattomakemefeelgood.Iknowit'snottrue/5Itisclearthat,whileself-awarenessisahealthyquality,overdoingitisharmful.Canshynessbecompletelyeliminated,oratleastreduced?Fortunately,peoplecanovercomeshynesswithdeterminedandpatienteffortsinbuildingself-confidence.Sinceshynessgoeshandinhandwithalackofself-esteem,itisimportantforpeopletoaccepttheirweaknessaswellastheirstrengths.Eachoneofusisaunique,worthwhileindividual,interestedinourownpersonalways.Thebetterweunderstandourselves,theeasieritbecomestoliveuptoourfullpotential.Lefsnotallowshynesstoblockourchancesforarichandfulfillinglife.譯文：羞怯是許多人不快樂的原因。害羞的人焦慮不安，自我意識(shí)強(qiáng)，也就是說，他們過分在意自己的形象和行為。焦慮時(shí)常縈繞在他們的腦海中：我給人留下了什么印象？他們喜歡我嗎？我讓人覺得很傻嗎?我的穿著是否不吸引人？顯而易見，這種不舒適的感覺必然給人們帶來了不利的影響。一個(gè)人的自我意識(shí)反映在他或她的行為上，而一個(gè)人的行為會(huì)影響他人的反應(yīng)。一般而言，人們認(rèn)識(shí)自己的方式對(duì)他們的生活的方方面面有深遠(yuǎn)的影響。羞怯的人非常自卑，他們可能很被動(dòng)，容易受他人的影響。他們需要得到他人的再次確認(rèn)：他們所做的是“正確的事情”。羞怯的人對(duì)批評(píng)很敏感，他們認(rèn)為批評(píng)使得他們更低人一等。他們也發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很難因?yàn)槭艿筋愃频谋頁P(yáng)而高興，如：你剛才所說的使我感覺很好。我知道那不是真的。很明顯，盡管具有自知之明是件好事，但過度自謙則是有害的。羞怯能根除嗎？或至少能減少些嗎?幸運(yùn)的是，許多人能通過堅(jiān)決而有耐心地建立自信來克服羞怯。既然羞怯與自卑天生相伴，那么人們能看見他們的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)是很重要的。每一個(gè)人都是獨(dú)一無二的，都有其價(jià)值所在。我們對(duì)我們自己個(gè)人的方式感興趣。我們了解自己越多，我們就越容易充分發(fā)揮自己的潛能。不要讓羞怯妨礙我們實(shí)現(xiàn)富裕而有成效的人生。16（作者在第一段通過引用“我給人留下了什么印象?”來試圖說明什么？）Shypeoplebenefitfromtheircaringabouttheirappearance.People'sshynessmadethemcaretoomuchabouttheirappearanceandactions.（羞怯使他們過分關(guān)注他們的形象和行為。）C.Itsnaturalthatshypeopledon'tbelieveother'scompliments.D.Shypeoplethinktheyaredifferentfromothers.Accordingtothewriter,self-awarenessis.（根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，自知之明是怎樣的？）A.agoodquahty（好事）B.thecauseofunhappinessC.harmfultopeopleD.aweakpointyofshypeopleWhenbeingpraised,shypeoplefeelthatitis.（當(dāng)被贊揚(yáng)的時(shí)候，羞怯的人感到這是什么？）A.goodB.unreal（不真實(shí)的）C.veryreasonableD.harmfulWhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?（根據(jù)文章含義，下列陳述哪一個(gè)是正確的？）Shynesshelpsustodevelopourpotential.Shynessenablesustounderstandourselvesbetter.ShynesscacblockourchancesforarichHfe.（羞怯能夠阻礙我們實(shí)現(xiàn)富裕人生的機(jī)會(huì)。）Shynesshasnothingtodowithlackofself-esteem.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatshypeople.（從文章中可以推斷出羞怯的人怎么樣？）shouldfindmoreoftheirweaknessshouldunderstandthemselvesistherightway（應(yīng)當(dāng)以正確的方式看待自己）hadbetterignoretheirweaknesscangetridoftheirshynesswhilemaintaininglowself-esteem.Passage17DCBBDWhenJohnandVictoriaFallsarrivedinNewYorkCityforone-yearstay,theydidnotbringverymanythingswiththem.Theyhadplannedeithertoliveinafurnishedapartmentortobuyusedfurniture.Buttheysoonlearnedaboutanewsystemthatmoreandmorepeopleareusing.Therentingofhomefurnishings（bed,tables,dishes,andsoon）hasbecomeoneofAmerica'sfastestgrowingbusinesses.Whatkindsofpeoplerenttheirhomefurnishingsinsteadofbuyingthem?Peoplewhoareinternationalbusinessorgovernmentofficials,foreignstudents,airlineworkers,youngmarriedcouples-peoplewhosejoborbusinessmayforcethemtomovefrequentlyfromonecitytoanother.Theysavealotoftroubleandthecostofmovingtheirfurnitureeachtime.Theysimplyrentnewfurniturewhentheyreachtheirnewhomes.Youngpeopledon'thavemuchmoneyanddon'twanttobuythecheapfurniture,theywoludrathertowaituntiltheyhaveenoughmoneytobuyfurnituretheyreallylike.Meanwhile,theyfindtheycanrentbetterqualityfurniturethantheycouldaffordtobuy.Onefamily,whonowhavealarge,beautifulhomeoftheirown,likedtheirrentedfurnituresomuchthattheydecidedtokeeprentingitinsteadofbuyingnewthings.Butusuallypeopledon'tliketotellothersaboutit.Theideaofrentinghomefurnishingsisstillquitenew,andtheyarenotsurewhattheirneighborsmightthink.譯文：當(dāng)John和VictoriaFalls到達(dá)紐約開始他們的一年生活時(shí)，他們沒有隨身帶很多東西。他們計(jì)劃要么住在裝修好的公寓里，要么買些舊家具。但是他們很快了解到越來越多的人正在采用的一種新的方式。租用家具（如窗，桌子，盤子等等）已經(jīng)成為美國(guó)發(fā)展最快的行業(yè)之一。什么樣的人是租用家具而不是買家具的呢？從事國(guó)際商務(wù)的人，政府官員，外國(guó)學(xué)生，航空公司工作人員，剛結(jié)婚的年輕夫婦一那些由于工作而被迫頻繁來往不同的城市的人。他們可以省去每次搬家具的麻煩和費(fèi)用。他們到一個(gè)新家的時(shí)候只要租新的家具好了。收入少的年輕人不想買那些他們可能很快不喜歡的便宜家具。他們寧愿等到有錢時(shí)買他們真正喜歡的家具。同時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們可以租比他們買得起的質(zhì)量更好的家具。有個(gè)家庭，他們有屬于自己的大而漂亮的房子，可是他們太喜歡租來的家具了以至于他們決定繼續(xù)租用而不買新的家具。但是人們通常不喜歡告訴別人這些。租家具的想法還是很新的，他們不能確定鄰居們對(duì)此會(huì)怎么想。WhichofthefollowinghasbecomeoneofAmerica'sfastestgrowingbusinesses?（以下哪個(gè)已成為美國(guó)發(fā)展最快的行業(yè)之一？）A.Sellinghomefurnishings.B.Rentingfurnishedapartments.C.Sellingusedfurniture.D.Rentinghomefurnishings.（租用家具）Whydosomepeopleprefertorentfurniture?（為什么人們更喜歡租用家具？）Becausethefurnituretheygetinthiswayisnew.Becauseitsavesthemalotofmoney.Becauseitsavesthemmuchtroubleandmoney.（因?yàn)檫@樣可以省去很多麻煩和錢。）Because.Theycanalwaysgetbetterqualityfurnitureinthisway.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?（從這篇文章中能推斷出什么？）Theideaofrentingfurnitureisnotacceptable.Rentingfurnitureisnotpopula門nthecouple'shometown.（在這對(duì)夫婦的家鄉(xiāng)，租用家具并不流行。）Onlythosewhodon'thaveenoughmoneytorentfurniture.Peopleusuallygrowtolikethefurnituretheyhaverented.Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthepassage?（下面哪個(gè)作為本文的題目最好？）A.RentorBuy?B,ANewWayofGettingHomeFurnishings.（一種新的獲得家具的方法。）C.FurnishedApartments.D.ANewIdea.Youngpeoplelikedrentinghomefurnitureinthat.（年輕人喜歡租用家具是由于什么？）Theyhavelessmoney.Theydon'twanttobuyoldfurniture.Thenewfurnitureisofgoodquality.Theydon'thavemuchmoneyanddon'twanttobuythecheapfurniture.（他們沒有錢而且不想買便宜的家具。）Passage18ABDABAcharacteristicofAmericanculturethathasbecomealmostatraditionistorespecttheself-mademan—themanwhohasrisentothetopthroughhisownefforts,usuallybeginningbyworkingwithhishands.Whiletheleaderinbusinessorindustryorthecollegeprofessoroccupiesahighersocialpositionandcommandsgreaterrespectinthecommunitythanthecommonlaboreroreventheskilledfactoryworker,hemaytakepainstopointoutthathisfatherstartedlifeinAmericaasafarmerorlaborerofsomesort.Thisattitudetowardmanual（體力）laborisnowstillseeninmanyaspectsofAmericanlife.Oneisinvitedtodinneratahomethatisnotonlycomfortablebutevenluxuriously（豪華地）furnishedandinwhichthereiseveryevidenceofthefactthatthefamilyhasbeenabletoaffordforeigntravel,expensivehobbies,andcollegeeducationforthechildren;yetthehostessprobablywillcookthedinnerherself,willserveitherselfandwillwashdishesafterward,furthermorethedinnerwillnotconsistmerelyofsomethingquicklyandeasilyassembledfromcontentsofvariouscansandacakeorapieboughtatthenearbybakery.Onthecontrary,thehostessusuallytakesprideincarefulpreparationofspe