Writing-Skills-超有用的寫作技課件

WritingSkills

WritingSkills 大綱要求：

眾所周知，大學(xué)英語寫作已越來越受到重視。1996年國(guó)家教委考試中心發(fā)布規(guī)定：在今后的大學(xué)英語四、六級(jí)考試中，四、六級(jí)考試作文部分設(shè)立最低分（至少6分）制度。考生作文若低于6分，則從客觀題分?jǐn)?shù)中扣除少掉的部分。因此，寫作的重要性是顯而易見的。大學(xué)英語教學(xué)大綱對(duì)學(xué)生寫的能力有明確的規(guī)定：能在半小時(shí)內(nèi)寫出120詞左右的短文，包括書信、文章摘要等。文理基本通順。具體地說，四級(jí)寫作一般是要求學(xué)生運(yùn)用學(xué)到的語言知識(shí)，按規(guī)定的題目和提示，在半小時(shí)內(nèi)寫出120詞的短文，內(nèi)容連貫，無重大語法錯(cuò)誤。大綱要求：眾所周知，大學(xué)英語寫作已越來越受到重視。1II.大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試作文評(píng)分原則及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

一、評(píng)分原則：1.CET是檢查考生是否達(dá)到大學(xué)英語教學(xué)大綱規(guī)定的四級(jí)和六級(jí)教學(xué)要求，對(duì)作文的評(píng)判應(yīng)以此要求為準(zhǔn)則。2.CET作文采用總體評(píng)分（GlobalScoring）方法。閱卷人員就總的印象給出獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)分（RewardScores），而不是按語言點(diǎn)的錯(cuò)誤數(shù)目扣分。3.從內(nèi)容和語言對(duì)作文進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)判。內(nèi)容和語言是一個(gè)統(tǒng)一體。作文應(yīng)表達(dá)題目所規(guī)定的內(nèi)容，而內(nèi)容要通過語言來表達(dá)。要考慮作文是否切題，是否充分表達(dá)思想，也要考慮是否用英語清楚而適切地表達(dá)思想，也就是要考慮語言上的錯(cuò)誤是否造成理解上的障礙。4.避免趨中傾向。該給高分的給高分，包括滿分；該給低分的給低分，包括O分。一名閱卷人員在評(píng)閱的全部作文卷中不應(yīng)只給中間的幾種分?jǐn)?shù)。II.大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試作文評(píng)分原則及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

一、評(píng)分原則：二、評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)1.本題滿分為15分。2.閱卷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分和14分。3.閱卷人員根據(jù)閱卷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對(duì)照RangeFinders評(píng)分，若認(rèn)為與某一分?jǐn)?shù)（如8分）相似，即定為該分?jǐn)?shù)（即8分）；若認(rèn)為稍優(yōu)或稍劣于該分?jǐn)?shù)，則可加一分（即9分）或減一分（即7分），但不得加或減半分。二、評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)1.本題滿分為15分。4.評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：

2分條理不清，思路紊亂，語言支離破碎或大部分句子均有錯(cuò)誤，且多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。5分基本切題。表達(dá)思想不清楚，連貫性差。有較多的嚴(yán)重語言錯(cuò)誤。8分基本切題。有些地方表達(dá)思想不夠清楚，文字勉強(qiáng)連貫；語言錯(cuò)誤相多，其中有一些是嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。11分切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語言錯(cuò)誤。14分切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字通順，連貫性好?；旧蠠o語言錯(cuò)誤，僅有個(gè)別小錯(cuò)。（注：字?jǐn)?shù)不足應(yīng)酌情扣分。）

4.評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：2分條理不清，思路紊亂，語言支離破碎或III.主要命題類型：

(一)段首句作文

(bothinEnglishandinChinese) (二)提綱式作文

(bothinChineseandinEnglish)（三）命題作文（只給出作文題目）（四）看圖作文

(Band6--89.1;90.6;96.6;2002.6)（五）根據(jù)所規(guī)定的情景作文（六）用所給的關(guān)鍵詞作文（七）根據(jù)要求寫信（2001.6；2002.1）（八）根據(jù)所給文章（英文或中文）寫出文章摘要或大意III.主要命題類型：(一)段首句作文(bothi

2003年1月寫作試題

2003年1月RANGE-FINDERS定稿

(4QSH1,6QSH1)

ItPaystoBeHonest

1.

當(dāng)前社會(huì)上有許多不誠(chéng)實(shí)的現(xiàn)象。2.

誠(chéng)實(shí)利人利己，做人應(yīng)該誠(chéng)實(shí)。

2003年1月寫作試題

14points

Althoughhonestyisbelievedtobeavirtue,therearestilldishonestpeopleinoursociety.Forexample,somebusinessmensellfakeproducttotheirconsumers;somestudentscheatintheexams. Dishonestpeopleareshort-sighted.Thosewhosellfakeproductsmaymakemoneyatfirst,butconsumerswon’tbuytheirproductsanymore.Asaresult,theywilllosetheirfortuneorevenbesenttoprison.Bycontrast,honestpeoplegainalot.Thosewhoalways

14pointstelltruthorkeeptotheirpromisenotonlyletotherstrustthembutgainrespectfromotherpeopleaswell.Suchpersonsaresuretohavealotofgoodfriends.Becausetheyaretrustableandrespectable,everyoneiseagertomakefriendswiththem.Besides,itiseasierforapersonwithagoodrecordtogetagoodjob.Generallyspeaking,everyemployerwantshisemployeestobehonest.Sowecansaythatanyonewhoishonestwillbepaidbacklater. Inaword,honestywinstrust,respectandhonour.Soitisimportantthatweshouldbehonest.

telltruthorkeeptotheirpr11points

Nowadays,manypeoplechoosenottobehonestinourmodernsociety.Wealmostcanfindsuchthingseverydayofourlife:somestudentscheatintheexamforhighermarks;somecorporationstellwrongdatatothepublicinordertogetmoreinvestment;andsomedoctorstreattheirpatientswithunnecessaryandexpensivemedicinesinordertomakemoney,sometimesdamagedthepatients’health,eventheirlife.11points Nowadays,manypeoplSeeingthissituation,Ithinkitmustbechanged.Beinghonestwillbenefitnotonlyothers,butalsoourselves.First,yourhonestywillmakeotherswillingtotrustyou.Second,beinghonestcanleadyoutofaceyourproblembravely,whichhelpstosolveit.Andthelast,honestysurelyhelpstomakethesocietymoreharmony. So,Ithinkeveryoneshouldstarttobehonestandeveryoneshouldhavetheideathatoursocietycannotdowithouthonesty.Seeingthissituation,Ithink8points

Inourmodernsociallife,therearemanyexamplesaroundusshowmanypeoplearecheated.Advertisementscheatpeople,salesmencheatpeople,evenone’sclosestfriendscheathimorher.Somanyheartbreaksareheardeverydaythatwecannothelpasking:whereisourhonestexist? Everybodyistaughthonestintheprimaryschooloreveninthekindergarten.Honestydoesgoodnotonlytoourselves,bothtoothersaswell.Ifwearehonesttoothers,wewillbehappierandbeinabettermood.Otherwise,we’llfeelguiltatlast.

Toacompanyand

its8pointsadvertisement,honestywillbringitmoreconsumerandmoreprofit.Ifwecheatothers,friendswillneverbelieveyouandtheywillleaveyoualone.Toacompany,noconsumerwillbuyyourproductagain! So,astheaboveissaid,itpaystobehonest.Let’screateamorallyoutstandingsocial.advertisement,honestywillbr5points

Withthedevelopmentofmoderneconomicandindustry,competitiveisbecomingmoreandmoreobvious.Atthesametime,theperformanceofdishonestisbecomingmoreandmoreclearly. Nowadays,therearemanydishonestperformanceinoursociety.Forexample,somepeoplefoundthathesaledgoodshadpastthepreservationdate.Notthrowthemaway,theyrevisedthepreservationdate,andsaledthemagainafterseveraldays.

5points

Anothercaseinthepoint,apairofshoeswasmadefromgoat.However,inordertosaleatahighprice,thesalerswouldsaytheyweremadefromcowwhichhasgoodquality. Fromtheforegoing,wecanseethatdishonestdoesnotonlyharmtoyourselvesbutalsoharmtoothers.Anditisnouseonlyrealizetheharmnessofdishonest.Weshouldbehonestfromnowonandbehonestinourdailylife.Itisonlythatpeopleallovertheworldarehonestthenourcountrywillbebeautifulandwealthy.Anothercaseinthepoint,a2Points

Nowinoursociety,manypeoplearenothonestindoingsoming.Weoftencanmeetwithsominghappenedcausebypeoplewhoarenothonest.Forexample,Nowwetakethebusneedcarrycentsown,andwhenyouupstairsthebus,youshouldputthecentintothemoneybox.Everypeopledothat,butsomeofthepeopleputtheotherthingsinsteadthecents.Foranotherexample,itismorenormalthatintheexamswecanalwaysfindsomestudentsseeothers.2Points

Iconsiderthateverypeopleshouldbehonest.Asapeople,honestshouldbefirst,becauseitcanmakeustobeincreaseandmakeoursocitydevelop.Indoingeverythingweshouldbehonestall,study,work,lifeandsoon.Ifyouarehonest,everypeoplewillbefriendtoyou,andwhowillregardyouaregoodpeople.Butifyoudon’tbehonest,peoplemustunwillingtotrathwithyou.Soifyouarewanttobeagoodpeoplerememberhonestfirst. Iconsiderthateverypeopl2002年6月RANGE-FINDERS定稿（4PSH2,6PSH2）

StudentUseofComputers2002年6月RANGE-FINDERS定稿14pointsStudentstendtousecomputersmoreandmorenowadays.Readingthischart,wecanfindthattheaveragenumberofhoursastudentspendsonthecomputerperweek,hasincreasedsharply.In1990,itwaslessthan2hours;andin1995,itincreasedtoalmost4hours,andin2000,thenumbersoaredto20hours.Obviouslycomputersarebecomingmoreandmorepopular.Thereareseveralreasonsforthis.First,computersfacsilitateusinmoreaspectsoflife.Also,thefastcontactwithfriendsinremoteplacesthroughtheInternet.Besides,thepricesofcomputersaregettinglowerandlower,whichenablesmorestudentstopurchasethem.14pointsHowever,therestillexistsomeproblems,suchas,poorquality,out-of-datedesignsandsoon.Andhowtobalancethetimebetweenusingcomputersandstudyingisalsoaseriousproblem. Anyhow,wewillbenefitalotfromcomputersaslongasweusethemproperly.However,therestillexis11pointsAsthechartshows:fromyear1990,theaveragenumberofhoursastudentspendsonthecomputerperweekhasbeensharplyincreased.In1990,studentsonlyspentlessthan2hoursoncomputerworkwhiletheyspentalmost20hoursonitperweeknow.Thatmeanscomputerplaysamoreimportantroleinourdailylifethaneverbefore.

11pointsWhyhascomputerbecomesopopular?Thereasondependonmanythings.Firstly,computerhasbeengreatlyimprovedtheseyear.Itcandomanyworks.Secondlyithasbecomecheaperandcheapersothatmoststudentscanaffordit.Thirdly,computersareusedinmanyarea,fromfactorytocompanies,fromhospitalstoschools,soweshouldgrasphowtousecomputers.

WhyhascomputerbecomesoAlsotherearemanyproblemsforusinusingcomputer.Forinstance,somestudentsspenttoomuchtimeonplayingpcgamesthatwouldaffecttheirstudy.Soweshouldlearnnotonlyhowtousecomputerbutalsohowtouseitproperly.Alsotherearemanyproble8pointsWhitthedevelopmentofthesociety,wearehappytoseethenumberofstudentsusecomputersisincreasing.In1990,thenumberofhoursastudentspendsonthecomputerperweekonly2hours.Butin2000,moreandmorestudentsusecomputersfortheirlifeandsubjects.Theycanreading,learning,playvideogamesfromthecomputer.Thecomputeralsocanhelpthemtosolvemoreandmoredifficulties,savesomuchtime.8points

Whatisthereasonthatmoreandmorestudentsusecomputers?Firstly,ourcountrybecomemoreandmoremodern,thecomputercanmakeagreatuseofdevelopment.Secondly,thesizeofcomputerissmallerthanbefore.It’sconvenient.Andthepricesisalsocheaperthanbefore.Butinsomeuniversities,thecomputersarenotpermitedtothedormitories,sothestudentshavetogotothecomputerhousebesidetheirschoolwhentheyneeddosomethingwiththecomputer.Aboveall,thecomputersaremoreandmoreandconvenienttostudents.

Whatisthereasonthatmo5pointsComputersarepopularwithstudents.Studentsspendmuchtimeusingcomputersthanbefore.Thestationofaveragenumberofhoursastudentspendsonthecomputerperweekshowsit.In1990,studentspentabouttwohoursonthecomputer.Butin1995,hoursincreasetwo.Nowin2000,studentspendabout20hoursperweek.

5pointsStudentspendmuchmoretimeonthecomputerperweekin2000thanin1990.Computersareusedwidelyways.Andwiththedevelopmentofcity,thepriceofcomputersislowerthanbefore.Now,Mostofstudentshavecomputer.Sotheycanusecomputernotonlyatschoolbutalsoathome.Inspiteofstudentspendmuchtimeonthecomputer.Butitisn’tverygood.Studentshavesometroubleonthecomputer.Mostofschoolusecomputerplayinggames.Itisverybadforstudent.Theyneedmuchmoreknowledgeaboutcomputer.Andtheywillusecomputerontheirstudyandtheirlife.

Studentspendmuchmoret2pointsWiththedevelopmentofcomputer.Moreandmorecollegestudentsincreasedcomputerknowledge.From1990,1995to2000,clearly.Addedtomanyhours.In1990.Aweekspendontwohalfanhour.In1995.Aweekspendontherehalfanhour.In2000.Aweekspendontwentyhours.Allthefactorswhicharepartofcomputer’suse.money.Societyofdevelopment.Now.Computer’sexpensive,useful.So.Computerswereboughtmoreandmore.2pointsIthinkthatcollegestudentsuseofcomputersconcludeaboutdifficultiesandquestions.Incomputer,“excel”and“word”isfamilarbyus.Butwecouldnottouchthehigherarea.Forexample,“Access”iswidlyusedinalotofcomposion.Butwehavenothingknowingatit.SoIshouldtrymybeststudyuseofcomputer.Becauseofoursocietylackofthesecomputerpeople.NowIshouldstudycomputerknowledge.Iwanttobecomeausefulman.

Ithinkthatcollegestud2002年1月寫作試題

ALettertotheUniversityPresidentabouttheCanteenServiceonCampus假設(shè)你是李明，請(qǐng)你就本校食堂的狀況給校長(zhǎng)寫一封信，內(nèi)容應(yīng)涉及食堂的飯菜質(zhì)量，價(jià)格，環(huán)境，服務(wù)等，可以是表揚(yáng)，可以是批評(píng)建議，還可以兼而有之。2002年1月寫作試題14pointsJanuary12th，2002DearMr.President,

I’mveryluckytoattendthisworld-famousuniversity,butI’mafraidI’mnotcontentwiththecanteenserviceoncampus. Firstly,thequalityofthedishesshouldbeimproved.Undoutedly,therearealotofdeliciousdishesbutalltheyear,theyarethesame.Moreandmorestudentsarecomplainingabouteatingthesameroundfoodeachday.SoIthinkthemosturgentproblemisvariety. Secondly.Thepriceisabittoohigh.Manyofushopethatthecanteencanprovideuswithnotonlydeliciousbutalsocheaperfood.14pointsFinally,theenvironmentissonoisythatwecan’tenjoyourmealsingoodmood.Isuggestthattherebesomesoftmusictohelpusrelax. Thosepresentedsuggestionsarenotjustofmyown,butalsoofmanyotherstudents.Wehopeourrespectablepresidentwillpayattentiontooursuggestions. Bytheway,thecanteenworkersareverypatientandalwayssmiling.SoIthinkifouruniversityoffersthembetterconditions,theywillofferusbetterservice.

Finally,theenvironmentisso2001年1月寫作試題

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHowtoSucceedinaJobInterview?Youshouldwriteatleast100(Band4)/120(Band6)words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:1.面試在求職過程中的作用2.取得面試成功的因素：儀表、舉止談吐、能力、專業(yè)知識(shí)、自信、實(shí)事求是……2001年1月寫作試題

Directions:FortInterview.Youshouldwriteatleast100wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below.RemembertowriteryourcompositionneatlyOutline:a)

現(xiàn)在找工作一般都要進(jìn)行面試，通過面試，面試者

和應(yīng)試者可以互相了解情況。b)

面試者可以向應(yīng)試者介紹，如工作性質(zhì)、條件、待遇等。c)

應(yīng)試者也可以有機(jī)會(huì)給對(duì)方留下一個(gè)好印象，如可以表現(xiàn)出自信，可以介紹教育背景，工作能力等。Interview.YoushouldwriteatNowadays,therearemanybookstellingpeoplehowtobehaveinajobinterview.Peoplelookingforajobusuallyattachgreatimportancetojobinterviews.Anddoingwellinajobinterviewmeansagoodchanceofbeingemployed. Toleaveadeepimpressionontheinterviewer,thefirstthingyouhavetodoisdressingyourselfproperlysothatyoumaylookmatureandconfident.Payattentiontothewayyoutalkandbehave,forsuchlittlethingsareoftenignored.Whatismore,youshouldprepareabriefself-introductionincludingyourworkingexperiencesandspecialabilities. Ifyoufollowtheadvice,youwillmostprobablysucceedinajobinterviewandinmostcases,youwillgetthejobyouaredreamingof.Nowadays,therearemanyWritingForms1.Narration2.Description3.Exposition4.ArgumentationWritingForms1.NarrationIV．寫作技巧指導(dǎo)

理想的段落要求是什么?(Whatisagoodparagraph?)1.統(tǒng)一（Unity）2.連貫（Coherence）3.主題句（TopicSentence）4.過渡（Transitions）5.清晰（Clarity)6.完整性(Completeness)7.多樣化(Variety)8.有效性(Effectiveness)IV．寫作技巧指導(dǎo)

理想的段落要求是什么?Howtodevelopaparagraph

MethodsofParagraphDevelopment:

DescriptionExamplificationIllustrationDefinitionClassificationCauseandEffectComparisonandContrastHowtodevelopaparagraph

DescriptionExample:OnemorningIgotupveryearly,andeverythingaroundwasveryquiet.WhenIopenedthewindow,thegentlesunlightrushedinwiththesweetsmellofflowersandthecleanmoistureofthefreshair.Almostatthesametime,theechoingofthelovelybirds’singingcameintomyearsasifsaying“Whataniceday,myfriend!Whynottakeawalkintheparkandenjoythebeautyofthenature?”“Yes,goodidea”Isaidtomyself.“AndIcanreadmyEnglishtextbookthere.”Aminutelater,Iwasonmywaytothepark.

DescriptionExemplificationExample:Televisioncanalsoplayaneducationalroleinourdailylife.InChina,forexample,therearemanyeducationalTVstationsinlargecities.Theprogramstheyofferrangefromcollegecoursestocookingskills.Owingtotheseprograms,thousandsofChinesecanobtainacollegedegreeoutsideuniversities.Moreandmorehousewivesor“househusbands”couldcookaswellasprofessionals,which,infact,makesourlifemoreinterestingandenjoyable.ExemplificationIllustrationExample:Booksareourgoodfriends.Theyalwaysplayanimportantroleatdifferentstagesofourlife.Duringourchildhood,theyintroducedusawonderfulworldfilledwithinterestingstories.Inouradolescence,theyhelpedusgainknowledgeandteachushowtodistinguishbetweenthegoodandevil.Whenwehavecomeintoadult,theyprovideuswithgoodopportunitiestolearnfromeachotherandsharedifferentkindoffeelings.Theyalsogiveusthewisdomtotacklewithvariousproblemsinourworkandstudyandenableustoobtainentertainmentinourleisuretime.IllustrationDefinitionExample:Generationgapisatermwhichmeansthe“difference”betweentheoldandyoung.Inlikesanddislikes,forexample,mostoftheyoungpeopleinthepresentChinaarefondofwearingfashionablejeans,listeningtothepopmusicanddancingdisco.Onthecontrary,fewoldpeopleenjoythesethings.Inmarriageandengagement,moreover,theyoungprefertohavetheirownrightandfreedomtochoosetheirpartners.Theold,however,donotwanttheirchildrentomaketheirdecisionwithouttheirpermissions.DefinitionClassificationExample:Taperecorderisusefulinmanyways.Asameansofeducation,itcanbeusedinlanguageteachingandlearning.Asatoolofcommunication,itcanbeappliedtorecordimportantspeechesorreports.Asaninstrumentforentertainment,itcanbeutilizedtoplaymusicathomeorinthepublicplaceslikerestaurants,departmentstoresandrailwaystations.

ClassificationCauseandEffectExample:Formanyyears,theworldpopulationincreasedslowly.Becauseofpoorhealthcare,deathrateswereveryhigh.Then,duringtheeighteenthcentury,livingconditionsbegantoimproveandpeoplelearnedtocontrolmanydiseases.Asaresult,thedeathratebegantodropandthepopulationgrewquickly.CauseandEffectComparisonandContrastExample:Differentpeoplelikedifferentsports.Thosewhoprefertobeoutdoorsusuallytakeagreatinterestinhiking,swimming,skiingormountainclimbing.However,theindooractivities,suchaschess,card-playinganddancing,areoftenenjoyedbythosewhowanttoberelaxedinthesparetime.Itseemsnaturalthattheyouthfavourthefastandstrenuousgameslikebaseball,basketballandfootball;whereastheagedpreferslowandlightexerciseslikejogging,walkingandfishing.ComparisonandContrastBrainstormingExample:Povertymaycomefromdifferentreasons.--unemployment--illness--lowpension--gambling--alargefamilyonlyonewageowner,etc.BrainstormingExample:

Howtoachievecoherence

Inordertohavecoherenceinwritinganargumentativeessay,themovementfromonesentencetothenextmustbelogicalandsmooth.TheremustbeNOsuddenjumps.Sincethiscoherencedoesnotoccurnaturally,youshouldtakepainstoestablishit.Oneofthemainwaystoachievecoherenceistousetransitionsignalstoshowhowoneideaisrelatedtothenext.Thefollowingarethemostcommontransitionsignalsgroupedaccordingtothekindsconnectionstheyestablish.

Howtoachievecoherence

Introducinganadditionalpointoridea:furthermore moreover inaddition besides similarlywhat’smore also then

Introducinganoppositepointoridea:ontheotherhand however incontrast bycontrastonthecontrary inspiteof but nevertheless

IntroducinganadditionalpoinMovingfromgeneraltospecific:forexample forinstance infact specifically inparticular

Emphasizingapoint:Especially aboveall primarily chiefly infact indeedmoreimportant mostimportant certainly indeed surely

MovingfromgeneraltospecifiRestatingapoint:inotherwords insimplertermsineffect thatistosay inshort inbrief

Showingsequence:first second third fourthetc. firstly secondly thirdlyinthefirstplace inthesecondplaceetc.atfirst tobeginwith next also then atlast finally intheendRestatingapoint:Showingcauseandeffect:asaresult consequently because since accordingly hence thus therefore

Showingconnectionsintime:atthesametime nowadays meanwhile inthemeantimeatpresent previously inthefuture thereafter lately atlastShowingcauseandeffect:Introducingaconclusionorsummary:inconclusion insummary onthewhole lastly altogether inaword tosumup toconclude ingeneral generally generallyspeaking atlarge inshort inbriefIntroducingaconclusionorsu四、六出題范圍根據(jù)學(xué)生要求掌握的詞匯量，根據(jù)他們的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)他們的年齡特征和文化背景，出題范圍大致如下：1. Scienceandtechnology(e.g.Computer,internet,cloning,television,automobile,etc.)anditseffectsonthesocietyandpeople’slife;2. Socialproblems(e.g.Housing,transport,employment,unemployment,reemployment,crime,marriage,environmentprotection,energycrisis,pollution,advertisement);四、六出題范圍根據(jù)學(xué)生要求掌握的詞匯量，根據(jù)他們的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)，3. Universitylife(e.g.thewayoflearning,extracurriculaactivities,physicaltraining,communicationbetweenpeople,hobbiesandinterests,tuition,heavyburdenofstudy,doingparttimejobs,etc.)4.

Juvenileproblem(e.g.generationgap,smoking,takingdrugs,personalambition,playingcomputergames,jobselection,cultureandeducation,successandfailure,etc.)3. Universitylife(e.g.thew

常用句型：

一般來說，

四，六級(jí)作文可分為三段：

問題

(what)，原因

(why)，

對(duì)策(how)?，F(xiàn)象(what)，利弊

(advantagesanddisadvantages)，個(gè)人看法（觀點(diǎn)）(personalopinion).

常用句型：

第一段：--Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,…isbecomingmoreandmoreimportanttopeople.--Withthedevelopmentofoursociety,…isbeginningtoplayamajor/importantpart/roleinthefieldof……--Whenitcomesto…--Intermsofstudentpopulation,…

第一段：--Noonecandenythefactthat…--Wemustfacethefactthat…--Itisreportedthat…--Gonearethedayswhen…--Personalexperienceteachesme…--Withregardto/withrespecttotherecentflood…--Noonecandenythefacttha第二段：--However,everythinghastwosides.--Itcanbebestillustratedinthefollowingthreeaspects.--Someotherpeopledonotthinkso.--Thereasonwhy…areasfollows:First,Second,Last.--Somearguethat…whileothersmaintainthat…--Manyfactorsareresponsiblefortheproblem.–First,…Second,…Last.

第二段：并列詞語：Inthefirstplace/Firstofall/Tobeginwith.Secondly/Next/InadditionFinally/Atlast/Ultimately對(duì)比詞語：Ononehand,……Ontheotherhand……Foronething……Foranother……Onthecontrary,……Unlikely,……However,But,并列詞語：讓步和轉(zhuǎn)折詞組：Although;evenwith;evenif;providedthat…Despite;Inspiteof;Forallthedifficulty/problem/cost/pressure…

讓步和轉(zhuǎn)折詞組：分析和推理詞組:Itisclearthat…Itseemsquitelikely…Nomatterhow…Manypositivetrendsappeartobeassociatedwith…Therearereasonstomaintainacautiousoptimismthat…willcontinue..Itisamistaketoequatewealthwithhappiness.Themore…themore..Differencesin….and…maybethereasonswhy…分析和推理詞組:3)Sincetheblueprintpresentsthedetailsoftheengineer’splans,thecontractormustinterpretitaccurately.4)Thereisalotofhomeworktodoifyouwanttopassthefinalexamination.5)Itrequiresgreatcaretoeditanarticle.3)Sincetheblueprintpresent第三段：Tosumup/Toconclude/Inaword,/Inmyopinion,/Tome/Itishightimethateffectivemeasureswastakento……Wehavetheresponsibility/obligationto……Weareobligedto……Onlybydoingthiscanwe…Facingsuchagravesituationof…peopleshouldhaveastrongawarenessof…Aboveall,…第三段：ConclusionI.IntroductionParagraph(開頭段)1.應(yīng)避免的問題

a.離題太遠(yuǎn)

b.內(nèi)容空泛無物

c.不言自明的陳述2．開頭段的表達(dá)方法ConclusionII.Body(中間段)1.中間段的特征

a.篇幅通常較introduction和conclusion長(zhǎng)

b.有恰當(dāng)?shù)闹黝}句

c.含有解釋、定義、描寫及說明

controllingidea的擴(kuò)展句（可引用事實(shí)、例子、數(shù)據(jù)或個(gè)人經(jīng)歷）。Writing-Skills---超有用的寫作技課件2.需注意問題

a.所寫內(nèi)容是否準(zhǔn)確、清楚，具有說明力；

b.段落中有沒有主題句

c.段落內(nèi)容是否完整、統(tǒng)一，有無說明不足之處或包括多余細(xì)節(jié)；

d.所組織的材料是否以適當(dāng)?shù)捻樞蚝侠戆才挪⒈憩F(xiàn)出邏輯思維；

e.

所運(yùn)用的擴(kuò)展方法是否得當(dāng)，是否做到主次分明，所用材料比例是否合適。2.需注意問題III.Conclusion（結(jié)尾段）1.作用

a.概括總結(jié)全文，強(qiáng)調(diào)文章要點(diǎn)；

b.表明觀點(diǎn)，做出評(píng)論建議，發(fā)出號(hào)召，提出解決問題方法。2.注意問題

a.與開頭段照應(yīng)，且語氣一致；

b.不要在結(jié)尾段出現(xiàn)新觀點(diǎn)；

c.用連接手段，將尾段與中間段連接起來；

d.不要用道歉式的句子；

e.不要用“…”來表示；III.Conclusion（結(jié)尾段）

作文填空法模式

1.對(duì)比式

(Example)2.解決辦法式(Example)3.利弊式(Example)4.圖表式(Example)

作文填空法模式

Example1對(duì)比式Someparentsareinclinedtobestrictwiththeirchildrenforthefollowingreasons.

Firstly,childrenarelackoftheabilityofselfcontrol.Secondly,aswecanoftenobserve,childrenareeasilyinfluencedbyotherpeople,especiallybytheirclassmatesandplaymates.Iftheybecomeaddictedtosomething,theywillbecrazyaboutit,thustheymayneglecttheirstudies.Example1對(duì)比式Otherparents,however,prefergivingchildrensomefreedomintheirdailylife.Theythinkthatchildrenhaveheavyburdenofstudyatschool.Afteraday’shardwork,theyshouldhavesometimetorelaxforawhileandtopursueordeveloptheirinterestsandhobbies.What’s

more,theultimategoalofeducationistodevelopchildren’sabilitytosolveproblemsafterallOtherparents,however,preferTome,beingstrictwithchildrenismoreattractive.Clearly,childrenneedtheirparents’guidanceandhelp,especiallyschoolstudentsinthepresentChina.Beinglenientwithchildrenmayleadtosomenegativeeffects.Andmypersonalexperiencecertainlydrivesmetochoosebeingstrictwithchildrenalthoughgivingthemsomefreetimetodootherthingsisalsoimportant.

Tome,beingstrictwithchildExample2解決辦法式Therearemanywaysto

①tosolvetheproblemoftuition.First,

②studentscanmanagetoobtainscholarshipbystudyinghard.Second,

③theycanfindapartjobtodointheirsparetime.Third,

④theycantakeoutloansfromthebank..Astome,thesecondwayfitsme,andthereasonsareasfollows:Example2解決辦法式Foronething,

⑤itoffersmeanopportunitytoknowthesociety.Foranotherthing,

thischoicebenefitsmeinawaythat⑥Icaneasetheburdenofmyfamily.As

⑦studentsinthemodernsociety,weshould

⑧getaglimpseoftheworldoutsidecampusinordertoprepareourselvesforfuturelifeorfuturecareers..Inconclusion,aboveallthereasons,mywayto

（9）obtaintuitionistodoaparttimejob.Foronething,⑤itoffersmeExample3利弊式Nowadaysmanypeopleprefer

①surfingtheinternetbecauseithasasignificantroleinourdailylife.Ge