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文檔簡(jiǎn)介

Unit2

EnglishAround

theWorldUnit2

EnglishAround

t1AustraliaAustralia2CanadaCanada3

IndiaIndia4IrelandIreland5New

ZealandNewZealand6South

AfricaSouthAfrica7The

U.S.A.TheU.S.A.8SingaporeSingapore9Great

BritainGreatBritain10Differencesinvocabularyusage

gotothepicturesgotothemoviesundergroundsubwayliftelevatorinateamonateamrubbereraserflatapartmentlorrytruckpetrolgas

B.EA.E…Differencesinvocabularyusag11JamesA.H.murrayNoahWebsterJamesA.H.murrayNoahWebster12NoahWebsterSamuelJohnsonNoahWebsterSamuelJohnson13TheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagesTheAmericanDictionaryofthe141.officialadj.官方的,正式的

officiallanguageofficialnews

n.政府官員

officern.軍官Heisanofficerinthearmy.1.officialadj.官方的,正式的152Journey,voyage,trip,tour,travel的用法區(qū)別

(1).journey指從一地到另一地,通常指陸地上的遠(yuǎn)距離“旅行”,有時(shí)也可以表示經(jīng)常走的或長(zhǎng)或短的“路程”。只作名詞。例如:E.g.Howlongisyourjourneytoschool?—Onlyabout10minutes.

2Journey,voyage,trip,tour,16

(2).voyage主要指遠(yuǎn)距離的水上旅行,也可以指空中旅行意思為“航海、航空、航行”等。只作名詞。例如:

E.g.Sheusuallygetsseasickduringthevoyage.

TheymadeavoyageacrossthePacificbyair.

(3).trip

一般指時(shí)間短、距離近的“旅行、遠(yuǎn)足”,E.g.Wemadeaboattriptotheislandlastweekandhadagoodtime.(2).voyage主要指遠(yuǎn)距離的水上旅行,也可以17

(4).

tour著重指旅行線路比較曲折,常表示“(周游各地的)參觀、訪問(wèn)、(巡回)旅游、視察、購(gòu)物、演出”等意思??勺鲃?dòng)詞和名詞。例如:E.g.Iwilltourtheworldinthefuture.

Myfatherhasgonedown-townonashoppingtour.

(5).travel作“旅行、游歷”解,一般表示從一地到另一地旅行這一總的概念。常指長(zhǎng)時(shí)間、遠(yuǎn)距離的“旅行”。尤指出國(guó)旅行。可作動(dòng)詞和名詞。其復(fù)數(shù)形式意思為“旅游筆記”、“游記”。例如:

(4).tour著重指旅行線路比較曲折,18E.g.IamreadingabookaboutthetraveltoNorthPole.Theycamehomeafteryearsofforeigntravel.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.

E.g.193.becauseof后邊加名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)

because是連詞,所以后邊跟句子

Hecametoworklatebecausehegotuplate.Hecametoworklatebecauseofgettinguplate.3.becauseof后邊加名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)20

4.native

adj.本土的,本國(guó)的,土生的(+to)ThegiantpandaisnativetoChina.ThegiantpandaisanativeofChina.大熊貓是中國(guó)特有的動(dòng)物。

n.本地人,本國(guó)人Areyouanativehere,orjustavisitor?

你是本地人,或者只是游客?

4.native

adj.本土的,本國(guó)的,土215.comeupcomeuptoyourapartment上來(lái),走近;被提出;(植物)發(fā)芽;(太陽(yáng))升起comeupwith提出想出Hecameupwithagoodideainthemeeting.問(wèn)題在會(huì)議中被提出來(lái)了。Teup22

太陽(yáng)升起來(lái)了。

Thesuncameup.

他靠近并和我們打招呼。Hecameupandsaidhellotous.

春天草會(huì)再度發(fā)芽。Teupwith提出想出Hecameupwithagoodideainthemeeting.太陽(yáng)升起來(lái)了。23comeacross偶然遇到,發(fā)現(xiàn),被理解comeabout發(fā)生cometrue實(shí)現(xiàn)comeback回來(lái),恢復(fù)記憶comeon催促,快速運(yùn)動(dòng);得了吧comeout出現(xiàn),出版,開花comein進(jìn)來(lái)comeover從一地到另一地comeacross偶然遇到,發(fā)現(xiàn),被理解241.Hiscar____theterribletrafficjam,sohehadtocalloffhisappointmentwithhisdoctor.A.cameaboutB.cameacrossC.cameupD.comeon2.---Howdidit___thatyoumadesuchasillymistake?---Imyselfhaven’tfigureditoutyet.A.bringaboutB.comeaboutC.comeacrossD.comeon1.Hiscar____theterriblet256.base

(1)n.___________________Eg:Ourcompany’sbaseisinbeijing.(2)vt.____________________

用法:baseAonBA以B為基礎(chǔ)

AbebasedonBA建于B基礎(chǔ)之上Eg:(1)Oneshouldalwaysbasehisopiniononfacts.

One’sopinionshouldalwaysbebasedonfacts.(2)----Whatareyoumailing,Linda?-----Atextbook_____anewmethodofteachingphysics.Iwantmyfriendtotakealookatit.A.isbasedonB.basedonC.basingonD.whichbasedupon被動(dòng)被動(dòng)基礎(chǔ);基地;根基建于…之上;以…為基礎(chǔ)6.base被動(dòng)被動(dòng)基礎(chǔ);基地;根基建于…之267.atpresent=atthemoment

present(adj.)

現(xiàn)在的,目前的,可作前置定語(yǔ)出席的,在場(chǎng)的,可作后置定語(yǔ)thepresentsituation/thepeoplepresentbepresentatthemeetingpresent(n.)

禮物=gift7.atpresent=atthemoment278.makeuseof利用takeadvantageofmakegooduseof__________makefulluse_______

bemadeuseofeg:YoumustmakegooduseofanychancetopractiseEnglish.(2)Theuseyou_______timeisreallypractical.A.makeB.takeC.makeofD.takeof被動(dòng)同義詞被動(dòng)Anychancemustbemadegooduseoftopractiseenglish.好好利用充分利用8.makeuseof利用28

【聯(lián)想】與make有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)

makefriendswith和…交朋友

makefunof取笑

makeadecision作出決定

makeaface/faces扮鬼臉

makeprogressin在…取得進(jìn)步makeachoice【聯(lián)想】與make有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)29

9.latteradj.較后的,后面的,

(兩者中)后者的Ifindithardtounderstandthelatterpartofhislecture.我發(fā)現(xiàn)他的講座后面部分很難理解。Didhewalkorswimacrosstheriver?Thelatterseemsunlikely.他是趟過(guò)河,還是游過(guò)河?后者似乎不可能?!颈嫖觥縧ate,later,latter,lately9.latteradj.較后的,后面的,

30

1)late是形容詞,表示“遲到的,晚的”。如:Youarelateagain!你又遲到了。2)later可作形容詞,是late的比較級(jí),意為“更遲的,更后的”;也可作副詞,意為“稍后,隨后”,常與on連用。如:1)late是形容詞,表示“遲到的,晚的”。如:31

I'lltellyoulater.我以后再告訴你。3)latter最常用的含義是“兩者中的(后者)”,常與the連用,固定搭配“theformer…,thelatter…”。如:HereareTomandDavid;thelatterismybrother.

這是湯姆和戴維;后者是我的兄弟。4)lately是副詞,意為“近來(lái),最近recently”。如:HaveyoubeentoBeijinglately?

你最近去過(guò)北京嗎?I'lltellyoulater.我以后再告32

10.suchas例如,諸如此類,像……這樣的Ballgamessuchasbasketballandfootballareveryexciting.球類運(yùn)動(dòng),如籃球和足球,都很激動(dòng)人心?!颈嫖觥縮uchas,forexample1)suchas用于列舉同類人或事物中的若干

例子,但不能全部列出。如:MrWangisgoodatseveralforeignlanguages,suchasEnglishandFrench.王先生精通好幾門外語(yǔ),比如英語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)。

10.suchas例如,諸如此類,像……這樣的33

2)forexample一般只列舉幾類人或事物中的‘‘一個(gè)”,其位置可在句首、句中或句末,經(jīng)常用逗號(hào)分開。如:MrWangisgoodatseveralforeignlanguages,forexample,English.王先生精通好幾門外語(yǔ),比如英語(yǔ)。2)forexample一般只列舉幾類人或事物中34

【經(jīng)典例題】Manyfamoussingers,_____WangFeiandSHE,haveactedinfilms.AsuchBforexample

CthatisDsuchas【經(jīng)典例題】35用suchas,forexample填(1)Whatwouldyoudoifyoumetawildanimal—alion,__________?(2)Thefarmergrowsvariouskindsofcrops,_______wheat,corn,cottonandrice.forexamplesuchas用suchas,forexample填forexamp36commandn.&v.命令;指令;掌握commandsb.todosth命令某人做某事Theofficercommandedhissoldierstofire.那名軍官命令士兵們開火。command后接that從句時(shí)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣老師命令他離開教室。Theteachercommandedthathe(should)gooutoftheclassroom.beundersb’scommand在某人的指揮之下haveagoodcommandof…精通…commandn.&v.命令;指令;掌握373.Hecommandedthatallthegates__________.A.shouldshutC.wouldbeshutB.shutD.beshut3.Hecommandedthatalltheg383.requestn.&v.請(qǐng)求;要求

Irequestedhimtohelp.我請(qǐng)求他幫忙。requestsb.todosth.要求某人做某事requestthatsb(should)do要求某人做某事3.requestn.&v.請(qǐng)求;要求39⑴Herequestedme________(write)aletterofrecommendation.⑵HerequestedthatI____________(write)aletterofrecommendation.⑶Thepassengers_____________(request)toshowtheirpassports.towrite(should)writearerequested⑴Herequestedme________(w40像command一樣,其后的名詞性從句的謂語(yǔ)用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”的常用詞有:一個(gè)“堅(jiān)持(insist)”;兩個(gè)“命令(order,command)”;三個(gè)“建議(suggest,advise,propose)”;四個(gè)“要求(demand,ask,require,request)”;像command一樣,其后的名詞性從句的謂語(yǔ)41

5.playapartin在……中起作用,

在……中扮演角色Thecomputerisplayingamoreandmoreimportantpartinourdailylife.電腦在我們的日常生活中正起著越來(lái)越重要的作用。Shewasunhappybecausesheplayedasmallpartintheplay.她不開心是因?yàn)樗趹蛑邪缪菀粋€(gè)小角色。5.playapartin在……中起作用,42

【聯(lián)想】與playapartin意思相同的短語(yǔ)

有playarolein?!窘?jīng)典例題】Theneweconomicdevelopmentzonewill_____inthedevelopmentofthearea.

AplayaleadingpartBtakepart

CplayleadingpartDtakeapart【答案】A【聯(lián)想】與playapartin意思相同的短語(yǔ)43

a

number

of…意思是“一些,若干”(=

some),后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或代詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

表示數(shù)量大或?。篴

large/small

number

of…

許多/少數(shù)……)【辨析】a

number

of,the

number

of

a

number

of…意思是“一些,若干”(=

s44

the

number

of…“……的數(shù)字/數(shù)目”,當(dāng)它作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Many

people

took

part

in

10,000-metre

race,

but

only

a

number

of

them

kept

on

running

to

the

end.

許多人參加了10000米跑,但只有一些人堅(jiān)持跑到底。A

number

of

my

friends

think

I

should

take

a

holiday.我的一些朋友認(rèn)為我應(yīng)該休假。the

number

of…“……的數(shù)字/數(shù)目45

The

number

of

students

is

about

twenty.

學(xué)生人數(shù)大約是20人左右。

【經(jīng)典例題】

Anumberofpeople_____beeninvitedtotheparty,buttheexactnumber____stillunknown.Ahas;isBhave;are

Chas;areDhave;isThe

number

of

students

is

46

KeySentences1.Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworldandbecauseofthat,Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.后來(lái),在下個(gè)世紀(jì),英國(guó)人開始航海征服世界其他地區(qū)。許多別的國(guó)家因此而開始說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。KeySentences47

(1)注意voyage是可數(shù)名詞,常和make搭配構(gòu)成makeavoyageto或makevoyagesto,表示“航行到……”。單數(shù)表示一次航行。(2)初中學(xué)過(guò)because表示“因?yàn)椤?,與becauseof的區(qū)別是:because是連詞,后面要跟句子,多作原因狀語(yǔ)從句;becauseof中of是介詞,后面只能跟名詞或代詞或ving作賓語(yǔ)。試比較:(1)注意voyage是可數(shù)名詞,常和make搭配構(gòu)48

Becauseitwasrainingoutside,westayedathome.

=Becauseoftherainoutside,westayedathome.

因?yàn)橥饷嫦轮辏晕覀兙痛粼诩依??!窘?jīng)典例題】Wemustnotloseheartonly_____thedifficultywearefacedwith.

AbecauseBbecauseof

CsinceDas【答案】BBecauseitwasrainingout49

2.NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon’tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.以英語(yǔ)作為母語(yǔ)的人,即使他們所講的語(yǔ)言不盡相同,也可以相互理解。句中“eveniftheydon’tspeakthesamekindofEnglish”是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。如:Theywillstandbyyouevenif/thoughyoudon’tsucceed.即使你不成功,他們也將支持你。2.NativeEnglishspeakers50

evenif是一個(gè)連詞短語(yǔ),引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,含義是“即使;盡管”。當(dāng)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的假設(shè)或一般的行為習(xí)慣時(shí),通常用evenif或eventhough。兩者意思一樣,用法也一樣?!窘?jīng)典例題】_______Ifailthistime,I

wouldtryagain.AIfonlyBEvenif

CwhetherDAsif【答案】Bevenif是一個(gè)連詞短語(yǔ),引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,含義51

3.Believeitornot,thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish.信不信由你,沒有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)這樣的東西。1)believeitornot意為“信不信由你”,常在句中作插入語(yǔ)。如:Believeitornot,Johnwillgoabroadforfurtherstudynextmonth.信不信由你,約翰下個(gè)月就要出國(guó)深造了?!韭?lián)想學(xué)習(xí)】常見的插入語(yǔ)有:1)totellyouthetruth實(shí)話告訴你3.Believeitornot,there52

Totellyouthetruth,I'llspendmysummervacationinYunnan.實(shí)話告訴你吧,我將在云南度過(guò)暑假。2)generallyspeaking一般說(shuō)來(lái)Generallyspeaking,languagelearning

needsalotofpractice.一般說(shuō)來(lái),語(yǔ)言的學(xué)習(xí)需要大量的實(shí)踐。3)youknow/yousee你知道Yousee,mycarbrokedownontheway.

你知道,我的車在途中壞了。Totellyouthetruth,I'll53

4)Ithink我認(rèn)為Hiscoat,Ithink,isreallystrange.他的外套,我認(rèn)為,實(shí)在古怪?!窘?jīng)典例題】Itissonicetohearfromher._____,welastmetmorethan30yearsago.

AWhat’smoreBThat’stosay

CInotherwordsDBelieveitornot【答案】D4)Ithink我認(rèn)為【答案】D54

(2)nosuchthing意為“沒有這樣的事情”。such與no,any,all,some,another,one,many,afew,alittle等詞連用時(shí),常置于這些詞之后。如:Thereisnosuchpersoninourschool.

我們學(xué)校沒有這樣的人。Ihavemetmanysuchpeople.我遇見過(guò)許多這樣的人。(2)nosuchthing意為“沒有這樣的事情55

【經(jīng)典例題】Wehave_____bookyouarelookingfor.AsuchnoBnosuch

CnotsuchDnosucha

【答案】B【經(jīng)典例題】【答案】B56

4·TheUSAisalargecountryinwhichmanydifferentdialectsarespoken.美國(guó)是一個(gè)使用多種方言的大國(guó)。inwhich引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞country,關(guān)系代詞which作介詞in的賓語(yǔ),inwhich在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),可用where代替。如:Thefactoryinwhichheonceworkedhasbeendoseddown.他曾經(jīng)工作過(guò)的工廠已被關(guān)閉。4·TheUSAisalargecount57

在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,應(yīng)根據(jù)句意與搭配的需要選擇正確的介詞或短語(yǔ)介詞。如:Hestudiesintheschoolatthebackofwhichthereisariver.他在背后有條河流的那所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。Canyouseethenewbuildingonthetopofwhichfliesaredflag?你能看見到那座樓頂飄著一面紅旗的新大樓嗎?在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,應(yīng)根據(jù)句意與搭58

【經(jīng)典例題】①Thepen______heiswritingismine.

A.withwhichB.inwhich

C.onwhichD.bywhich

②Thisisthereason______hedidn't

cometothemeeting.

A.inwhichB.withwhich

C.thatD.forwhich

【答案】A【答案】D【經(jīng)典例題】【答案】A【答案】D59

5.Well,goroundthecorneronyourleft-handside-straightonandcrosstwostreets.哦,在拐角處向左拐,照直向前走。穿過(guò)兩條街道。straightadv.直接;挺直

adj.直的;筆直的;正直的Gostraightdowntheroadandthenturnleft.沿著這條路一直走,然后左轉(zhuǎn)。5.Well,goroundthecorne60

Hewenttobedstraightaftersupper.他晚飯后直接去睡了。Hisfriendisatall.slimgirlwitha

straightnose.他的朋友是位鼻子挺直、身材高而苗條的姑娘。Asyouknow,hisuncleisastraightman.如你所知,他的叔叔是一個(gè)正直的人。Hewenttobedstraightaf61

【經(jīng)典例題】---Lucydoesn’thavecurlyhair.---Yes,wecansayshehas______hair.AniceBblonde

CshortDstraight【答案】D【經(jīng)典例題】【答案】D62Ⅲ.翻譯下列必背短語(yǔ)1.在……中擔(dān)任角色,在……中起作用______________2.充分利用______________3.因?yàn)?,由于______________4.信不信由你______________5.走近,上來(lái)______________6.例如,像這種的______________7.以……為基礎(chǔ)______________8.與……不同______________9.即使;盡管______________10.大量的,許多______________playarole/partinsuchasbebasedonbedifferentfromevenif/eventhoughbecauseofbelieveitornotcomeupmakegood/fulluseofa(large)numberofⅢ.翻譯下列必背短語(yǔ)1.在……中擔(dān)任角色,在……中起作用63ThelistofdevelopmentofEnglishDuringthe5thcenturyADBasedonmoreGermanBetweenaboutAD800and1150LikemoreDanishandFrenchBythe1600sShakespeareusedawidervocabularythaneverbeforeThelistofdevelopmentofEng641620BritishsettlersmovedtoAmericaninthe“Mayflower”Fromthe18thcenturyBritishcolonizedAustralia1765-1947EnglishspokeninIndiaBythe19thcenturyDictionariesstandardizedthespellingofEnglish1620Britishsettlersmovedto65

Grammar

直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)(II)直接引語(yǔ)表示請(qǐng)求、命令、提議時(shí),變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)看似簡(jiǎn)單,但使用起來(lái)要視句義、功能與說(shuō)話者的語(yǔ)氣、態(tài)度選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞。學(xué)習(xí)時(shí),應(yīng)著重注意以下幾個(gè)方面:Grammar

直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)(II)66

1·直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句,若表達(dá)請(qǐng)求、命令、要求、告知、鼓勵(lì)等意思,在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),通常將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變成動(dòng)詞不定式,并視句意在動(dòng)詞不定式前加上ask.tell.order,advise,invite,warn,beg,offer,encourage等動(dòng)詞,祈使句中的please在間接引語(yǔ)中不再出現(xiàn)。如:1·直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句,若表達(dá)請(qǐng)求、命令、要求、告知、67

“PleasespeakEnglishinclass,’’the

teachersaidtous.→TheteacheraskedustospeakEnglishinclass.‘‘Becarefulwithstrangers,"MrBrown

saidtoher.→MrBrownwarnedhertobecarefulwith

strangers.“PleasespeakEnglishinc68

“MrsSmith,letmecarrytheheavybox

foryou,”saidMike.→Mikeofferedtocarrytheheavybox

forMrsSmith.若祈使句為否定式,改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)將don’t改為notto或neverto。如:“Don’tforgettoturnoffthelight,”

MothersaidtoTom.→MotheraskedTomnottoforgettoturn

offthelight.“MrsSmith,letmecarryth69

2·如果直接引語(yǔ)是表示勸告、建議的祈使

句或疑問(wèn)句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),可以用suggestdoing…或suggestthat…結(jié)構(gòu)。如:WangPingsaid,“Let’stakeawalkafter

supper.”→Wang

Pingsuggestedtakingawalkaftersupper.或:WangPingsuggestedthatweshouldtakeawalkaftersupper.2·如果直接引語(yǔ)是表示勸告、建議的祈使

句或疑問(wèn)70

“Shallwelistentothemusic?”hesaidto

me.→Hesuggestedlisteningtothemusic.或:

Hesuggestedthatweshouldlistentothemusic.3·如果直接引語(yǔ)是表示請(qǐng)求的疑問(wèn)句,

變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),通常用“ask/advise

+sb+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”。如:“Shallwelistentothemu71

“Willyouhelpmewithmylessons?’’

MarysaidtoJane.→MaryaskedJanetohelpherwithher

lessons.“Wouldyoumindmovingoverabit?”

shesaidtome.→Sheaskedmetomoveoverabit.“Willyouhelpmewithmy72

4.最后我們簡(jiǎn)單學(xué)習(xí)一下感嘆句變間接引語(yǔ)的方法。由what或how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),可用what或how引導(dǎo),也可以用that引導(dǎo)。如:“Whatabeautifuldressitis!”shesaid.→Shesaidwhatabeautifuldressitwas.或:Shesaidthatitwasabeautifuldress.4.最后我們簡(jiǎn)單學(xué)習(xí)一下感嘆句變間接引語(yǔ)的方法。由w73Unit2

EnglishAround

theWorldUnit2

EnglishAround

t74AustraliaAustralia75CanadaCanada76

IndiaIndia77IrelandIreland78New

ZealandNewZealand79South

AfricaSouthAfrica80The

U.S.A.TheU.S.A.81SingaporeSingapore82Great

BritainGreatBritain83Differencesinvocabularyusage

gotothepicturesgotothemoviesundergroundsubwayliftelevatorinateamonateamrubbereraserflatapartmentlorrytruckpetrolgas

B.EA.E…Differencesinvocabularyusag84JamesA.H.murrayNoahWebsterJamesA.H.murrayNoahWebster85NoahWebsterSamuelJohnsonNoahWebsterSamuelJohnson86TheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagesTheAmericanDictionaryofthe871.officialadj.官方的,正式的

officiallanguageofficialnews

n.政府官員

officern.軍官Heisanofficerinthearmy.1.officialadj.官方的,正式的882Journey,voyage,trip,tour,travel的用法區(qū)別

(1).journey指從一地到另一地,通常指陸地上的遠(yuǎn)距離“旅行”,有時(shí)也可以表示經(jīng)常走的或長(zhǎng)或短的“路程”。只作名詞。例如:E.g.Howlongisyourjourneytoschool?—Onlyabout10minutes.

2Journey,voyage,trip,tour,89

(2).voyage主要指遠(yuǎn)距離的水上旅行,也可以指空中旅行意思為“航海、航空、航行”等。只作名詞。例如:

E.g.Sheusuallygetsseasickduringthevoyage.

TheymadeavoyageacrossthePacificbyair.

(3).trip

一般指時(shí)間短、距離近的“旅行、遠(yuǎn)足”,E.g.Wemadeaboattriptotheislandlastweekandhadagoodtime.(2).voyage主要指遠(yuǎn)距離的水上旅行,也可以90

(4).

tour著重指旅行線路比較曲折,常表示“(周游各地的)參觀、訪問(wèn)、(巡回)旅游、視察、購(gòu)物、演出”等意思??勺鲃?dòng)詞和名詞。例如:E.g.Iwilltourtheworldinthefuture.

Myfatherhasgonedown-townonashoppingtour.

(5).travel作“旅行、游歷”解,一般表示從一地到另一地旅行這一總的概念。常指長(zhǎng)時(shí)間、遠(yuǎn)距離的“旅行”。尤指出國(guó)旅行??勺鲃?dòng)詞和名詞。其復(fù)數(shù)形式意思為“旅游筆記”、“游記”。例如:

(4).tour著重指旅行線路比較曲折,91E.g.IamreadingabookaboutthetraveltoNorthPole.Theycamehomeafteryearsofforeigntravel.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.

E.g.923.becauseof后邊加名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)

because是連詞,所以后邊跟句子

Hecametoworklatebecausehegotuplate.Hecametoworklatebecauseofgettinguplate.3.becauseof后邊加名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)93

4.native

adj.本土的,本國(guó)的,土生的(+to)ThegiantpandaisnativetoChina.ThegiantpandaisanativeofChina.大熊貓是中國(guó)特有的動(dòng)物。

n.本地人,本國(guó)人Areyouanativehere,orjustavisitor?

你是本地人,或者只是游客?

4.native

adj.本土的,本國(guó)的,土945.comeupcomeuptoyourapartment上來(lái),走近;被提出;(植物)發(fā)芽;(太陽(yáng))升起comeupwith提出想出Hecameupwithagoodideainthemeeting.問(wèn)題在會(huì)議中被提出來(lái)了。Teup95

太陽(yáng)升起來(lái)了。

Thesuncameup.

他靠近并和我們打招呼。Hecameupandsaidhellotous.

春天草會(huì)再度發(fā)芽。Teupwith提出想出Hecameupwithagoodideainthemeeting.太陽(yáng)升起來(lái)了。96comeacross偶然遇到,發(fā)現(xiàn),被理解comeabout發(fā)生cometrue實(shí)現(xiàn)comeback回來(lái),恢復(fù)記憶comeon催促,快速運(yùn)動(dòng);得了吧comeout出現(xiàn),出版,開花comein進(jìn)來(lái)comeover從一地到另一地comeacross偶然遇到,發(fā)現(xiàn),被理解971.Hiscar____theterribletrafficjam,sohehadtocalloffhisappointmentwithhisdoctor.A.cameaboutB.cameacrossC.cameupD.comeon2.---Howdidit___thatyoumadesuchasillymistake?---Imyselfhaven’tfigureditoutyet.A.bringaboutB.comeaboutC.comeacrossD.comeon1.Hiscar____theterriblet986.base

(1)n.___________________Eg:Ourcompany’sbaseisinbeijing.(2)vt.____________________

用法:baseAonBA以B為基礎(chǔ)

AbebasedonBA建于B基礎(chǔ)之上Eg:(1)Oneshouldalwaysbasehisopiniononfacts.

One’sopinionshouldalwaysbebasedonfacts.(2)----Whatareyoumailing,Linda?-----Atextbook_____anewmethodofteachingphysics.Iwantmyfriendtotakealookatit.A.isbasedonB.basedonC.basingonD.whichbasedupon被動(dòng)被動(dòng)基礎(chǔ);基地;根基建于…之上;以…為基礎(chǔ)6.base被動(dòng)被動(dòng)基礎(chǔ);基地;根基建于…之997.atpresent=atthemoment

present(adj.)

現(xiàn)在的,目前的,可作前置定語(yǔ)出席的,在場(chǎng)的,可作后置定語(yǔ)thepresentsituation/thepeoplepresentbepresentatthemeetingpresent(n.)

禮物=gift7.atpresent=atthemoment1008.makeuseof利用takeadvantageofmakegooduseof__________makefulluse_______

bemadeuseofeg:YoumustmakegooduseofanychancetopractiseEnglish.(2)Theuseyou_______timeisreallypractical.A.makeB.takeC.makeofD.takeof被動(dòng)同義詞被動(dòng)Anychancemustbemadegooduseoftopractiseenglish.好好利用充分利用8.makeuseof利用101

【聯(lián)想】與make有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)

makefriendswith和…交朋友

makefunof取笑

makeadecision作出決定

makeaface/faces扮鬼臉

makeprogressin在…取得進(jìn)步makeachoice【聯(lián)想】與make有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)102

9.latteradj.較后的,后面的,

(兩者中)后者的Ifindithardtounderstandthelatterpartofhislecture.我發(fā)現(xiàn)他的講座后面部分很難理解。Didhewalkorswimacrosstheriver?Thelatterseemsunlikely.他是趟過(guò)河,還是游過(guò)河?后者似乎不可能?!颈嫖觥縧ate,later,latter,lately9.latteradj.較后的,后面的,

103

1)late是形容詞,表示“遲到的,晚的”。如:Youarelateagain!你又遲到了。2)later可作形容詞,是late的比較級(jí),意為“更遲的,更后的”;也可作副詞,意為“稍后,隨后”,常與on連用。如:1)late是形容詞,表示“遲到的,晚的”。如:104

I'lltellyoulater.我以后再告訴你。3)latter最常用的含義是“兩者中的(后者)”,常與the連用,固定搭配“theformer…,thelatter…”。如:HereareTomandDavid;thelatterismybrother.

這是湯姆和戴維;后者是我的兄弟。4)lately是副詞,意為“近來(lái),最近recently”。如:HaveyoubeentoBeijinglately?

你最近去過(guò)北京嗎?I'lltellyoulater.我以后再告105

10.suchas例如,諸如此類,像……這樣的Ballgamessuchasbasketballandfootballareveryexciting.球類運(yùn)動(dòng),如籃球和足球,都很激動(dòng)人心?!颈嫖觥縮uchas,forexample1)suchas用于列舉同類人或事物中的若干

例子,但不能全部列出。如:MrWangisgoodatseveralforeignlanguages,suchasEnglishandFrench.王先生精通好幾門外語(yǔ),比如英語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)。

10.suchas例如,諸如此類,像……這樣的106

2)forexample一般只列舉幾類人或事物中的‘‘一個(gè)”,其位置可在句首、句中或句末,經(jīng)常用逗號(hào)分開。如:MrWangisgoodatseveralforeignlanguages,forexample,English.王先生精通好幾門外語(yǔ),比如英語(yǔ)。2)forexample一般只列舉幾類人或事物中107

【經(jīng)典例題】Manyfamoussingers,_____WangFeiandSHE,haveactedinfilms.AsuchBforexample

CthatisDsuchas【經(jīng)典例題】108用suchas,forexample填(1)Whatwouldyoudoifyoumetawildanimal—alion,__________?(2)Thefarmergrowsvariouskindsofcrops,_______wheat,corn,cottonandrice.forexamplesuchas用suchas,forexample填forexamp109commandn.&v.命令;指令;掌握commandsb.todosth命令某人做某事Theofficercommandedhissoldierstofire.那名軍官命令士兵們開火。command后接that從句時(shí)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣老師命令他離開教室。Theteachercommandedthathe(should)gooutoftheclassroom.beundersb’scommand在某人的指揮之下haveagoodcommandof…精通…commandn.&v.命令;指令;掌握1103.Hecommandedthatallthegates__________.A.shouldshutC.wouldbeshutB.shutD.beshut3.Hecommandedthatalltheg1113.requestn.&v.請(qǐng)求;要求

Irequestedhimtohelp.我請(qǐng)求他幫忙。requestsb.todosth.要求某人做某事requestthatsb(should)do要求某人做某事3.requestn.&v.請(qǐng)求;要求112⑴Herequestedme________(write)aletterofrecommendation.⑵HerequestedthatI____________(write)aletterofrecommendation.⑶Thepassengers_____________(request)toshowtheirpassports.towrite(should)writearerequested⑴Herequestedme________(w113像command一樣,其后的名詞性從句的謂語(yǔ)用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”的常用詞有:一個(gè)“堅(jiān)持(insist)”;兩個(gè)“命令(order,command)”;三個(gè)“建議(suggest,advise,propose)”;四個(gè)“要求(demand,ask,require,request)”;像command一樣,其后的名詞性從句的謂語(yǔ)114

5.playapartin在……中起作用,

在……中扮演角色Thecomputerisplayingamoreandmoreimportantpartinourdailylife.電腦在我們的日常生活中正起著越來(lái)越重要的作用。Shewasunhappybecausesheplayedasmallpartintheplay.她不開心是因?yàn)樗趹蛑邪缪菀粋€(gè)小角色。5.playapartin在……中起作用,115

【聯(lián)想】與playapartin意思相同的短語(yǔ)

有playarolein?!窘?jīng)典例題】Theneweconomicdevelopmentzonewill_____inthedevelopmentofthearea.

AplayaleadingpartBtakepart

CplayleadingpartDtakeapart【答案】A【聯(lián)想】與playapartin意思相同的短語(yǔ)116

a

number

of…意思是“一些,若干”(=

some),后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或代詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

表示數(shù)量大或?。篴

large/small

number

of…

許多/少數(shù)……)【辨析】a

number

of,the

number

of

a

number

of…意思是“一些,若干”(=

s117

the

number

of…“……的數(shù)字/數(shù)目”,當(dāng)它作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Many

people

took

part

in

10,000-metre

race,

but

only

a

number

of

them

kept

on

running

to

the

end.

許多人參加了10000米跑,但只有一些人堅(jiān)持跑到底。A

number

of

my

friends

think

I

should

take

a

holiday.我的一些朋友認(rèn)為我應(yīng)該休假。the

number

of…“……的數(shù)字/數(shù)目118

The

number

of

students

is

about

twenty.

學(xué)生人數(shù)大約是20人左右。

【經(jīng)典例題】

Anumberofpeople_____beeninvitedtotheparty,buttheexactnumber____stillunknown.Ahas;isBhave;are

Chas;areDhave;isThe

number

of

students

is

119

KeySentences1.Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworldandbecauseofthat,Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.后來(lái),在下個(gè)世紀(jì),英國(guó)人開始航海征服世界其他地區(qū)。許多別的國(guó)家因此而開始說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。KeySentences120

(1)注意voyage是可數(shù)名詞,常和make搭配構(gòu)成makeavoyageto或makevoyagesto,表示“航行到……”。單數(shù)表示一次航行。(2)初中學(xué)過(guò)because表示“因?yàn)椤?,與becauseof的區(qū)別是:because是連詞,后面要跟句子,多作原因狀語(yǔ)從句;becauseof中of是介詞,后面只能跟名詞或代詞或ving作賓語(yǔ)。試比較:(1)注意voyage是可數(shù)名詞,常和make搭配構(gòu)121

Becauseitwasrainingoutside,westayedathome.

=Becauseoftherainoutside,westayedathome.

因?yàn)橥饷嫦轮?,所以我們就呆在家里?!窘?jīng)典例題】Wemustnotloseheartonly_____thedifficultywearefacedwith.

AbecauseBbecauseof

CsinceDas【答案】BBecauseitwasrainingout122

2.NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon’tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.以英語(yǔ)作為母語(yǔ)的人,即使他們所講的語(yǔ)言不盡相同,也可以相互理解。句中“eveniftheydon’tspeakthesamekindofEnglish”是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。如:Theywillstandbyyouevenif/thoughyoudon’tsucceed.即使你不成功,他們也將支持你。2.NativeEnglishspeakers123

evenif是一個(gè)連詞短語(yǔ),引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,含義是“即使;盡管”。當(dāng)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的假設(shè)或一般的行為習(xí)慣時(shí),通常用evenif或eventhough。兩者意思一樣,用法也一樣?!窘?jīng)典例題】_______Ifailthistime,I

wouldtryagain.AIfonlyBEvenif

CwhetherDAs

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