牛津英語模塊6Unit 4單詞課文記憶和講解講義設(shè)計(jì)

/10高中牛津英語模塊6Unit4單詞語篇記憶和講解講義語篇記憶Module6Unit4Peopleoftenrefertopovertyaslackofmoneyandfoodorbeinginpossessionofnothingvaluable.Wemayhavereadmanydescriptionsofremotemountainousareasinprimitivecondition,wherepeopleobtainwateronlybymeansofdiggingwells.Childrencannotgetholdofsafeshelterbutstudyinamuddyandcrowdedwoodenhouses,whichhavebeenvacantforyears.Inaddition,dampweatherhaslefttheareainchaos,makingiteasyforbacteriatospread.Manypeoplefallvictimtoit.人們常常認(rèn)為貧窮是缺錢缺糧，或者沒有值錢的財(cái)產(chǎn)。我們可能讀過大量的關(guān)于還處在原始狀態(tài)下的偏遠(yuǎn)山區(qū)的描述。那兒的人只能靠挖井來取水。孩子們沒有安全的住所，只能在充滿泥濘的擁擠的木房子里學(xué)習(xí)，這些房子已經(jīng)空置很多年了。而且，潮濕的天氣使得該地區(qū)狼藉一片，導(dǎo)致細(xì)菌很容易傳播。很多人成為它的受害者。Itisurgentthatweshouldremindpeopletocontributetoourcharityanddrawthegovernment'sattentiontoprovideequalrightsforthosesufferingstarvation.First,itisworthwhiletoencouragepeopletoacquireagoodknowledgeofenvironmentalprotection.Theycangrowfruittreesandfetchagoodpricebyexportingfruittootherareas.Theycanalsotakethealternativeofsettingupecology-friendlyvillages.Second,morevolunteersareinneed.Forexample,withoutwage,wehavebeendoingthevoluntaryandworthywork.Ourcolleaguesandotherstaff,includingassistants,makeacommitmenttorelievethelocalpeoplefromthetroublesomepain,suchasprovidingheatingforthem.緊迫的是，我們要提醒人們向我們的慈善組織捐錢，吸引政府的注意力來給遭受饑餓的人們提供平等的權(quán)利。首先，鼓勵(lì)人們充分掌握環(huán)保知識(shí)。他們可以種果樹，出口到其它地區(qū)來賣得好價(jià)格。他們也可以選擇成立生態(tài)環(huán)保村莊。第二，需要更多的志愿者。例如，我們就在沒有薪水的情況下，一直在做義務(wù)的卻很有意義的工作。我們的同事和其它員工，包括助手，都承諾讓當(dāng)?shù)厝藬[脫疾苦，例如，給他們供熱。Ofcourse,localaccentisabigbarriertounderstandingeachotherwithoutaninterpreter.Luckily,theprojectundertheumbrellaofthelocalgovernmentexpandsquickly.Whenwethinkbacktothedifficultywehaveinstartingourproject,wefeelthateveryonecanmakeabigdifferencetoothers.Ifonlymoreandmorevolunteersjoinedinourcause!當(dāng)然，沒有翻譯員的話，當(dāng)?shù)氐目谝粢彩潜舜肆私獾囊淮笳系K。幸運(yùn)的是，這項(xiàng)政府支持保護(hù)的事業(yè)拓展迅速。當(dāng)我們回想起成立我們這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的困難時(shí)，我們感覺每個(gè)人都能對(duì)他人有莫大的影響。但愿越來越多的志愿者加入我們的事業(yè)。單詞解釋lackby〔for，from〕lackof因…而沒有alackoffood/money/skills缺乏食物/金錢/技能Thetripwascancelledthroughlackof（=becausetherewasnotenough）interest.因?yàn)槿狈εd趣Therewasnolackofvolunteers.志愿者不乏其人。lack可作“不足”或“沒有”解。例如：Hecannotdothisworkforlackof（作"不足”或“沒有”解）skill.Hecannotdothisworkbecausehelacks（作"不足”或"沒有”解）skill.Hecannotdothisworkbecauseheislackingin（作"不足”或"沒有”解）skill.referto談到；提到*Itwasunwiseinyourspeechtorefertorisingunemployment.你在講話中談到失業(yè)率上升的情況，這是不明智的。lookatsth.forinformation查閱*Ifyoudon'tknowwhatitmeans,refertothedictionary.如果你不知道它的意思，可以查字典。*Indrawinguptheplan,theywenttothelibrarytorefertomanybooks.在制訂計(jì)劃時(shí)，他們到圖書館查閱了許多書籍。concern;relateorapplyto涉及；關(guān)于；有關(guān)Ihaveexaminedallthedocumentsreferringtothematter.我翻閱了所有關(guān)于此事的文件。WhatIhavetosayreferstoallofyou.我要講的話與你們大家都有關(guān)。descriptionHerbeautyisbeyonddescription她的美無與倫比。give/provideetcadescriptionThebookletgivesabriefdescriptionofeachplace.這本小冊(cè)子對(duì)每一個(gè)地方都作了簡短的描述。worthyEveryyearshemakesalargedonationtoaworthycause.她每年都為一項(xiàng)高尚的事業(yè)捐一大筆錢。worthyofattention/notice■deservingtobegivenattention,noticed,etc值得注意的?Twopointsinthisreportareespeciallyworthyofnotice這份扌報(bào)告中有兩點(diǎn)特另U值得注意。1．下面四句意思相同：Thisisworthytobedone.Thisisworthyofbeingdone.Thisisworthybeingdone.Thisisworthdoing.下面幾點(diǎn)該注意：（1）第一句不很自然。第三句現(xiàn)在遠(yuǎn)不及第二句普通。假使動(dòng)名詞改作名詞，也是這樣，如Thisisworthyconsideration現(xiàn)在遠(yuǎn)不及Thisisworthyofconsideration普通。（2）worthy后面的不定式不一定屬于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，比較下面兩句：Thisquestionisworthytobeconsidered.（這問題是值得被考慮的。）Heisworthytoconsiderthisquestion.（他是值得考慮這問題的［他有考慮這問題的能力］。）（3）說“值得被某人……的"通常用第一句，不用第二句或第三句，不可用第四句。2．下面兩句意思不同：Thistaskisnotworthyofhim.（這件工作配不上他［太簡易，配不上有像他這樣本領(lǐng)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)等的人。。）Heisnotworthyofthistask.（他配不上這件工作［他的本領(lǐng)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)等太差，配不上這件工作］。）3.worthy不可單獨(dú)用作表語，如不可說Heisworthy或Therewardisworthy,該改作Heisaworthyman和Thisisaworthyreward。worthyman和manofworth略有不同。worthyman里的worthy往往含有“還算不壞”、“殊堪嘉尚”等不很尊敬的意思，manofworth是“德才兼?zhèn)涞娜恕薄ictimThecompanyhasfallenvictimtoincreasedcompetition.日益激烈的競爭讓這家公司深受其害。Hewasusedtobeingincharge,notbeingthevictimofcircumstance.他習(xí)慣于掌控一切，而不是受制于環(huán)境。equalAllpeopleareequal,deservingthesamerightsaseachother所有人都是平等的，享有同等的權(quán)利。It'sachallengingjobbut「msureyou'llproveequaltoit這項(xiàng)工作很有挑戰(zhàn)性，但是我相信你最終有能力完成它。熟詞生義：產(chǎn)生，得出〔特定結(jié)果或效果〕:Ahighly-trainedworkforceequalshighproductivity高素質(zhì)的勞動(dòng)力倉U造高生產(chǎn)力。contribute(give)捐獻(xiàn)〈money,aid,goods>tocontributemoneytoortowards[something]為某事物捐款(offer)提出〈suggestion,views,ideas,advice>Journalism,Publishing把…投稿〈article,poem>contributeto...是…的原因之一；增加；增進(jìn)unemploymentcontributestoahighcrimerate失業(yè)是犯罪率高的原因之一Thisbookcontributeslittletoourunderstandingofthesubject.此書對(duì)我們了解這門學(xué)科無所助益。acquire學(xué)到，獲得〔知識(shí)、技能〕:Hespentyearsacquiringhisskillsasasurgeon他花了許多年時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)外科醫(yī)生的技能。ElsieacquiredagoodknowledgeofChinese埃爾茜漢語學(xué)得很好。acquireatasteforsth開始喜歡某事物:ShehadacquiredatasteforEuropeanbeer她開始喜歡喝歐洲啤酒了。expand對(duì)…詳述；進(jìn)一步說明?Shementionedafewideas,butshedidn'texpandonthem她提到了幾個(gè)想法，但并沒有進(jìn)行詳細(xì)說明。拓展〈horizons,knowledge〉Thecomputerindustryhasexpandedgreatlyoverthelastdecade.算機(jī)行業(yè)在過去十年間發(fā)展迅速。worthwhile重要的;有益的;值得做的:Hewantedtodoaworthwhilejob他想干值得一做的工作。Wedecidedtogivethemoneytoaworthwhilecause(=onethathelpspeople).我們決定把這筆錢投入到慈善事業(yè)中。itisworthwhiletodosthIthoughtitwasworthwhiletoclarifythematter我認(rèn)為有必要澄清事實(shí)。itisworthwhiledoingsthItwasn'tworthwhilecontinuingwiththeproject.繼續(xù)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目很不值得。urgentinurgentneedofsthManypeopleareinurgentneedoffoodandwater很多人極需食物和水。urgent后面接不定式作“堅(jiān)持要的”解，不作“急需的”解，如Hewasurgenttohavemore是“他堅(jiān)持要多得些”，不是“他急需多得些”，盡可以說Hewasurgenttohavemore,thoughhehadquiteenough。注意Itisurgentthathestart里用start（虛擬現(xiàn)在式），不用startso在英國英語中一般使用should+動(dòng)詞原形，在美國英語中則使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)虛擬式（be型虛擬式）。urgent這一語法特點(diǎn)同essential，imperative，vital，important，necessary等。starvationdieof/fromstarvation餓死Millionswillfacestarvationnextyearasaresultofthedrought.由于發(fā)生旱災(zāi),明年將有數(shù)百萬人面臨饑餓的威脅。boilboildowntosth要點(diǎn)是某事，歸結(jié)為某事:Itboilsdowntoaquestionofpriorities.歸根到底是事情輕重緩急的問題。Hewasboilingwithrage.他怒不可遏。fetchIaskedmysontofetchmeadrinkofwater.我叫兒子去給我拿杯水來。Thepaintingisexpectedtofetchupto￡220,000.這幅畫有望拍到22萬英鎊。Alternativeanalternativetocoffee咖啡代用品?Theremustbeanalternativetopeoplesleepingonthestreets.一定要想辦法解決街頭露宿者的問題。?I'mafraidIhavenoalternativebuttoaskyoutoleave(=thatiswhatIhavetodo).恐怕我別無選擇，只有讓你離開。remoteremotechance/possibilityThere'saremotechancethatyoucancatchhimbeforeheleaves.你不大可能在他離開前抓住他。Theprospectofpeaceseemsremote實(shí)現(xiàn)和平的希望似乎渺茫。很不相同的：?[+from]TheHeightswasquietandcleanandremotefromthebusydailylifeofthecity.高地清靜干凈，與忙碌的城市生活極不相同。nothavetheremotestidea/interest/intentionetc一無所知/毫無興趣/毫無打算等：possessionThepossessionoflargeamountsofmoneydoesnotensurehappiness.擁有大量金錢并不能保證一定會(huì)幸福。Fearhadtakenpossessionofhissoul.恐懼占據(jù)了他的靈魂。IaminpossessionofsomeinformationthatIthinkwillinterestyou.我掌握了一些在我看來你會(huì)感興趣的消息。povertytoalleviate/relievepoverty緩解/解除貧困Manyelderlypeopleliveinpoverty許多老年人生活于貧困之中。Helpingtoalleviatepovertyindevelopingcountriesalsohelpstoreduceenvironmentaldestruction.幫助緩解開發(fā)中國家的貧困也有助減少對(duì)環(huán)境的破壞。apovertyofsthformal■alackofsomething...的貧乏，…的缺少；...的劣質(zhì)?Thereisadisappointingpovertyofcreativityintheirwork他們的工作缺乏倉U造性，令人失望。meansFormostpeople,thecarisstilltheirmainmeansoftransport.對(duì)大多數(shù)人來說汽車仍是他們主要的交通工具。Theonlymeansofcommunicationwassignlanguage唯一的交流方法是手語。"MayIborrowthisbook?""Byallmeans."'我可以借這本書嗎？""當(dāng)然可以。"Itisbynomeanscertainthatwe'llfinishtheprojectbyJune我們能否在六月份前完成這項(xiàng)工程還很難確定。ameanstoanend達(dá)到目的的手段?Ididn'tparticularlylikethejob-itwasjustameanstoanend.我不是特另U喜歡這項(xiàng)工作不過是一個(gè)謀生手段罷了。primitiveThelocalhospitalcareisprimitiveandunreliable當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院的治療水平落后，靠不住。Conditionsatthecampareveryprimitive.營地條件非常簡陋。obtainbeeasilyobtained容易獲得:SuchinformationiseasilyobtainedfromtheInternet.這種信息從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上很容易獲得。obtain有時(shí)有雙賓語，作"使得到"解。例如：Hisworkobtainedhimaregularincome.breakdownThepolicebrokethedoordown.警察破門而入。Theybrokedownallopposition.他們壓倒了所有的對(duì)手。Thecarbrokedownonthewaytotheairport.車子在去機(jī)場的路上拋錨了。Theplanwasgood,butitbrokedown,becausepeoplewereunwillingtocooperate.計(jì)劃是好的，但由于人們不愿合作，還是失敗了。Whenheheardhissentence,themanbrokedown.聽到判決，那人不禁號(hào)啕大哭。Yourhealthwillbreakdownifyouworktoohard.太勞累的話，你身體會(huì)垮的。commitment[+to]Hercommitmenttoworkisbeyondquestion她的敬業(yè)精神是不容置疑的。必須做（或處理）的事情?family/workcommitments家庭義務(wù)/工作任務(wù)?I'vegottoomanycommitmentsatthemomenttodoaneveningclass.我眼下要做的事情太多，沒時(shí)間晚上上課。chaosHeavysnowhascausedtotalchaosontheroads大雪導(dǎo)致道路上交通一片混亂。Thehousewasinchaosaftertheparty聚會(huì)后，房子里一片狼藉。vacantTheseatnexttohimwasvacant他旁邊的座位空著。無聊的；茫然的；沒精打采的?Shehadavacantlook/expressiononherface.她一臉的茫然。getholdoftotakeholdof抓住，握住【例解】1.Atlasthegotholdofthebeast'staiI他終于抓住了大象的尾巴。Johntookholdoftheladder，andbegantoclimb.約翰抓住了梯子，開始爬上去。Ican'tkeepholdofit;it'stooslippery.我握不住它，它太滑了?！菊f明】(1)getholdof中，介詞of有時(shí)也可用on代替(參見下面辨異)。(2)getholdof中動(dòng)詞get，通常還可用take，catch，seize，keep替代。(3)getholdof的反意短語是loseholdof或leaveholdof或letgo?！颈娈悺縢etholdof，haveagraspof這兩個(gè)短語從關(guān)鍵詞中可以看出它們之間的差別。hold著重指抓住、得到，而grasp一詞，除了可表示“抓住”外，還有“精通，掌握”的含義。如：①Wilmahadtostoptogetagoodholdonthestick.為了抓住接力棒，威爾瑪只好停一下。②YouseemtohaveagoodgraspofEnglishhistory.你似乎很精通英國歷史。shelterThetreesgave/providedsomeshelterfromtherain這些樹遮了一些雨。?toshelter[somebody]from[somebody]/[something]使某人免受某人/某物所害crowdHepushedhiswaythroughthecrowd.他在人群中往前擠。followthecrowd隨大流，隨波逐流，人云亦云?Thinkforyourself,don'tjustfollowthecr