雅思劍橋真題4聽力Test1原文

WORD格式專業(yè)資料整理C4T1S1Goodmorning.Goodmorning.HowcanIhelpyou?Iunderstandthattheschoolorganizestripstodifferent??Yes,werunfiveeverymonth:threeduringweekends andtwoWednesdayafternoontrips.Whatsortofplaces?Well,obviouslyitvaries,butalwaysplacesofhistoricalinterestandalsowhichofferavarietyofshopping,becauseourstudentsalwaysaskaboutthatandthenwegoforoneswhereweknowthereareguidedtours,becausethisgivesagoodfocusforthevisit.Doyoutravelfar?Well,we’reluckyhere, obviously,becausewe‘reabletosaythatallourvisitsarelessthanthreehoursdrive.Howmuchdotheycost?Againitvaries-between5and15poundsahead,dependingondistance.Oh,andwedooffertoarrangespecialtripsif,youknow,therearemorethan12people.Ohright,I’llkeepthatinmind.Andwhatarethetimesnormally?Wetrytokeepitprettyfixedsothat,thatstudentsgettoknowthepattern.Weleaveateight-thirtya.m.andreturnatsixp.m.Wefigureit’sbesttokeepthedayfairlyshort.Ohyes.Andhowdowereserveaplace?Yousignyournameonthenoticeboard.Doyouknowwhereitis?Ahha.Isawitthismorning.Andwedoaskthatyousignupthreedaysinadvancesoweknowwe’vegotenoughpeopleinterestedtorunit,andwecancancelifnecessary,withfullrefundofcourse.That’sfine,thanks.Andwhatvisitsareplannedforthisterm?Right,wellI’afraidmtheschedulehasn’beentprintedoutyet,butwehaveconfirmedthedatesandplannedtheoptionalextravisitswhichyoucanalsoWORD格式專業(yè)資料整理bookinadvanceifyouwantto.Oh,that’sallright.IfyoucanjustgivesomeideaoftheweekendonessoIcan,youknow,workoutwhentoseefriends,etcetera.Oh,sure.Well,thefirstoneisSt.Ives.That’sonthoftheFebthiruaryteenandwe’llhaveonlysixteenplacesavailable ofcoursewe’regoingbyminibus.Andthat’asdayintown withtheoptional extra ofvisitingtheHepworthMuseum.Ohright,yeah,thatsoundsgood.Umm,thenthere’sLondontriponthesixteenthofFebruaryandwe’llbetakingamedium-sizedcoachsothere’llbe-fortyfiveplacesonthat,andlet ’ssee,theoptionalextraistheTowerofLondon.Oh,I’vealreadybeenthere.Err,afterthatthere’sBristolonthethirdofMarch.Where?Bristol.OK.That’sinadifferentminibuswitheighteenplacesavailable,oh,andtheoptionalextraisavisittotheS.S.GreatBritain.OK.We’regoingtoSailsburyontheeighteenth ofMarch andthats’alwaysapopularonebecause theoptionalextraisStonehenge, sowe’retakingthelargecoachwithfiftyseats.Ohgood.AndthenthelastoneistoBathonthetwenty-thirdofMarch.Ohyes,isBaththeRomancity?Yyes,that’right,andthatsixteen’inthe-seaterminibus.Andwhere’stheoptionalvisit?It’stotheAmericanMuseum-wellworthavisit.Ok,wellthat’sgreat.Thanksforallthat.Mypleasure.Bytheway,ifyouwantmoreinformationaboutanyofthetrips,havealookinthestudentnewspaper.OK.WORD格式專業(yè)資料整理Or,haveawordwithmyassistant,hernameisJaneYentob.Right.I’vegotthat.Thankyouverymuchforallyourhelp.You’reverywelcome.Ihopeyouenjoythetrips.C4T1S2GoodafternooneverybodyandwelcometoRiversideIndustrialVillage.Tostartyourvisit,I’mjustgoingtogiveyouabriefaccountofthehistoryofthemuseumbeforelettingyouroamaboutonyourown.Iwon’tkeepyoulong.OK?Now,fromwherewe’restandingyouvegot’agoodviewoftheriveroverthere.Anditwasbecauseofthisfast-flowingwater,thatthissitewasanaturalplaceformanufacturingworks.Thewater,andtheavailabilityoftherawmaterialsinthearea,likemineralsandironore,andalsotheabundanceoflocalfuels,likecoalandfirewood,allmadethissitesuitableforindustryfromaveryearlytime.Waterwasthemainsourceofpowerfortheearlyindustriesandsomeofthewaterwheelswerefirstestablishedinthetwelfthcentury,wouldyoubelieve?Atthattime,localcraftsmenfirstbuiltanironforgejustbehindthevillagehere,onthebendintheriver.Bytheseventeenthtoeighteenthcenturiestheregion’riverssupportedmorethanahundredandsixtywatermills-andmanyofthesecontinuedtooperatewellintothenineteenthcentury.Butthenthesteamenginewasinventedandthentherailwayscameandthecentersofindustrieswereabletomoveawayfromtheriversandcountrysideandintothetowns.So,industrialvillageslikethisonebecameveryrare.Sothat’sthehistoryforyou.Ifyou’dlikeanymoreinformation,youcanaskmesomequestions,oryoucanreadfurtherinourexcellentguidebook.NowI’mgoingtogiveyouaplanofsiteandI’justdliketopointoutwhereeverythingisandthenyoucantakealookateverythingforyourself.I’vealreadypointedouttheriver,whichisontheleft.Andofcourse,runningWORD格式專業(yè)資料整理alongthebottomisWoodsideRoad,gotit?OK.Nowwe’restandingattheentrance,seeitatthebottom,andimmediatelytoourrightistheTicketOffice.Youwon’tneedthatbecauseyou’vegotyourgroupbooking,butjustpastitarethetoilets-alwaysgoodtoknowwheretheyare.Infrontofusisthecarpark,asyoucansee,andtotheleft,bytheentrygateistheGiftShop.That’swhereyoucangetcopiesoftheguide,likethisonehere.Now,beyondthecarparkallthebuildingsarearrangedinahalfcirclewithayardinthemiddle.Thebig,stonebuildingatthetopisthemainWorkshop.That’swherethefurnaceisandwhereallthemetalwassmeltedandthetoolswerecast,asyou’llbeabletosee.Nowinthetopright-hand corner,thatbuildingwithbigger windowsistheShowroom,wheresamplesofallthetoolsthatweremadethroughtheagesareondisplay.InthetopleftcorneristheGrindingShop,wherethetoolsweresharpenedandfinished.AndononesideofthatyoucanseetheEngineRoom,andontheotheristheCafé,whichisn’antique,you’llbepleasedtoknow,thoughtheydoserveveryniceold-fashionteas.Therowofbuildingsyoucanseeontheleftarethecottages.Thesewerebuiltfortheworkerstowardstheendoftheeighteenthcenturyandthey’restillfurnishedfromthatperiodsoyoucangetagoodideaofordinarypeople’slivingconditions.Acrosstheyardfromthem,youcanseethestableswherethehorseswerekeptfortransportingtheproducts.AndtheseparatebuildinginfrontofthemistheWorksOfficeandthatstillhassomeoftheoldaccountsondisplay.Right,ifanyonewantsaguidedtourthenI’mstartingattheEngineRoom.Ifyou’dliketocomealong,thiswayplease,ladiesandgentlemen.WORD格式專業(yè)資料整理C4T1S3WORD格式專業(yè)資料整理You’llhearMastudent,talkingtooneofherlecturersaboutherstudies.Excuseme,Dr.Johnson.MayIspeaktoyouforminute?Sure,comein.I’mM.I’mtakingyourcourseinpopulationstudies.Right,well,M,howcanIhelpyou?I’mhavingabitoftroublewiththesecondassignment,andit’duesintwelvedays.Whatsortoftroubleareyouhaving?Istheassignmentquestionaproblem?Well,that’spartoftheproblem.I’malsobeenhavinghaving??-gettingholdofthebooks.I’vebeentothelibraryseveraltimesandallthebooksareout.Soundlikeyoushouldhavestartedborrowingbooksabitearlier.Well,Ihadareallybigassignmentdueinforanothercourse,andI’vebeenspendingallmytimeonthat,andIthought??Youmightgetanextensionoftimetofinishyourassignmentforme?Ifthat’spossible,butIdon’tknow??Well,yes,itispossible,butextensionsarenormallygivenonlyformedicalorcompassionatereasons.Otherwise,that’sreallyaquestionoforganizingyourstudy,andwedon’tlikegivingextensionstostudentswhosimplydidn’tplantheirworkproperly.Whatdidyougetyourfirstassignment?Igoteighty-sevenpercent.Yes,youdidverywellindeed.Soobviouslyyoucanproducegoodwork.Idon’tthinkIneedtoomuchextratime,aslongasIcangetholdofsometheimportantreferences.Well,sinceyoudidsowellinyourfirstassignment,I’mpreparetogiveyouanextratwoweeksforthisone.Sothat’meanllyouneedtosubmititaboutamonthfromnow.Oh,thankyou.Now,whataboutthereadingmaterials?Haveyoucheckedoutthejournalarticlesinthelist?No,notyet.TherewereabouttwentyofthemandIwasn’tsurewhichoneswouldbemostusefulorimportant.Well,theyarealluseful.ButIdon’texpectonetoreadanythemall,becauseanumberofthemdealwiththesameissues.AndletmegiveyousomeWORD格式專業(yè)資料整理suggestions.ThearticlesbyAndersonandHawkerisreallyworthreading.Right,I’llreadthatone.YoushouldalsoreadthearticlebyJackson,butjustlookatthepartontheresearchmethodology-howtheydidit.WORD格式專業(yè)資料整理Ok,Johnson,gotthat.Andifyouhavetime,theonebyRobertssaysveryrelevantthing,althoughitnotessential.So??Ok,ifit’susefulI’lltrytoreadthatone.Now,theonebyMorris.Iw ouldn’tbotherwiththatatthisstageifIwereyou.Ok,Iwon’botherwithMorris.Ohnow,someonetellmethearticlebyCooperisimportant.Well,yes,intheway,butjustlookatthelastpart,wherehediscussestheresearchresults.Andlastly,thereisForster.Ican’includedtthinkwhythatI’sWORD格式專業(yè)資料整理one.It’snotbad,andcouldbeofsomehelp,butnotthatmuch.Now,let’sdealwiththeassignmentquestion.What’stheproblemthere?It’sthegraphonpagetwo.Whatseemstobetheproblem?It’sjustthebargraph,showingreasonswhypeoplechangewheretheylive.Well,I’vegotthephotocopy,butthereasonatthebottomaremissing.Ah,Ok,lookatthefirstbaronthegraph.Nowthatindicatedthenumberofpeoplewhomovebecausetheywantmorespace.Oh,Isee,barone,Ok.Nowwhataboutthenextbar?Bartwoistodowithpeoplelivingnearbydisturbingthem,sotheychoosetomoveawaytosomewherequieter.Nowlet’slookatbarnumberthree,anotherreasonpeoplechangetheirplaceoflivingisbecausetheywanttobeclosertothecity.Ok,proximitytothecityisanissue.Now,barnumberfourreferstoproblemswhentheownerofpropertywon’thelpfixthingthatgowrong.Inotherword,theownerisnothelpful,andsothetenantsmoveout.Ok,nowwhataboutbarfive?BarfiveisaboutthosepeoplewhomovebecausetheyneedabusortraintoWORD格式專業(yè)資料整理getthemintothecityortogotowork.Ok,andbarsix?Barnumbersixisinteresting,thatreasonisgivenquitealot.Peoplemovingbecausetheywanttobeinamoreattractiveneighborhood.Oh,yes,thankyouverymuch.WORD格式專業(yè)資料整理C4T1S4Goodday,ladiesandgentlemen.Ihavebeenaskedtodaytotalktoyouabouttheurbanlandscape.There’retwomajorareathatIlfocus’loninmytalk:Howvegetationcanhaveasignificant effectonurbanclimate?Andhowwecanbetterplanourcitiesusingtreestoprovideamorecomfortableenvironmentforustolivein.Treescanhaveasignificantimpactonourcities.Theycanmakeacityasawhole,abitlesswindyorabitmorewindyifthatwhatyouwant.Theycanmakeitabitcoolerifit’sahotsummerdayAustraliainancity,ortheycanmakeitabitmorehumid ifit’sainlanddrycity.Onthelocalscale-thatisinparticularareawithinthecity-treescanmakethelocalareamoreshady,cooler,morehumidandmuchlesswindy.Infact,treesandplantingofvariouskindscanbeusedtomakecitystreets’sWORD格式專業(yè)資料整理actuallylessdangerousinparticularareas.Howdotreesdoallthatyouask?Well,themaindifferencebetweenatreeandbuilding,isatreehasgotainternalmechanismtokeepthetemperatureregulated.Itevaporateswaterthroughitsleavesandthatmeansthatthetemperatureofleaves,isneververyfarfromourownbodytemperature.Thetemperatureofabuildingsurfaceonahotsunnydaycaneasilybetwentydegreesmorethanourtemperature.Trees,ontheotherhand,remaincoolerthanbuildingsbecausetheysweat.Thismeansthattheycanhumidifytheairandcoolit-apropertywhichcanbeexploitedtoimprovethelocalclimate.Treescanalsohelpbreaktheforcesofwind.Thereasonthathighbuildingsmakeitwindieratgroundlevel,isthatastheWORD格式專業(yè)資料整理windgoeshigherandhigher,itgoesfasterandfaster.Whenthewindhitsthebuilding,ithastogosomewhere.Some