2016年高考上海卷英語試題解析(精編版)(解析版)

絕密★啟用前本卷分為第 I卷（選擇題）和第 II卷（非選擇題）兩部分?？荚嚂r(shí)間 120分鐘，試卷滿分 150分。第I卷（共103分）I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Itissatisfactory. B.Itisluxurious.C.Itisold-fashioned. D.Itisdisappointing.A.OnAugust5th.B.OnAugust6th.C.OnAugust7th.D.OnAugust8th.A.Awaiter.B.Abutcher.C.Aporter.D.Afarmer.A.Inatheatre.B.Inalibrary.C.Inabookingoffice.D.Inafurniturestore.A.Sheexpectedtoabettershow.B.Shecouldhardlyfindherseat.C.Shewasn’tinterestedintheshow.D.Shedidn’tgetafavourableseat.A.Thewomanofteneatsoutforbreakfast.B.Thecafeteriaservesgoodbreakfast.C.Thewomandoesn’thavebreakfast.D.Thecafeteriadoesn’tservebreakfast.A.Sellingcucumbers.B.Plantingvegetables.C.Cookingameal.D.Pickingtomatoes.A.Themanshouldworkhard. B.Themanshouldturndownthejoboffer.C.Themanmayhaveanotherchance.D.Themancanapplyforthejobagain.A.Itisahotandsmoggyday.B.ThereisatrafficjamonKingStreet.C.Avehicleispollutingtheair.D.Themanisreadingareportonline.A.Itsendingisnotgoodenough.B.Itsspecialeffectsarenotsatisfying.C.Itdeservesanaward. D.Itisgoodexceptforthescarypart.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.$1.B.$2C.$3D.$52.A.Paythebillsfirst.Spend2%ofthesalaryonlivingexpenses.Deposit$1000everymonth.Putpartofthemoneyinasavingsaccount.A.Methodsofsavingmoney.Savingmoneyforfamilyemergencies.Theimportanceofsavingmoney.Secretsofspendingmoneywisely.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Freeeducation.Asumofmoney.Donationsfromalocalnewspaper.Giftsfrommanypeople.A.Letstudentsinbeforeschool.Offericecreamandcoffee.Introduceabankintothecampus.Reducethetrafficjamsaround.A.Itlackspositivenews.Itshouldgrowintoabigcity.Itisaplaceworthlivingin.Itremainspeacefulandquiet.SectionCDirections:InsectionC,youwillheartwolongerconversations.Theconversationswillbereadtwice.Afteryouheareachconversation,youarerequiredtofillinthenumberedblankswiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Write

youranswersonyouranswersheet.Blanks17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Completetheform.WriteONEWORDforeachanswer.ClassDiary(June13-19)□13SUN□14MON17forafter-classactivityapplication□15TUE□16WEDHandinginthreestudent 18□17THUBasketballClubmeetingTime:12:45—1:30pm Place:The 19□18FRIFillinginaformwithup-to-datepersonaldataTime: 20break Place:Thecomputerroom□19SATBlanks21through24arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Completetheform.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.WhoisSueWalter?Sheis21 incourtandawriter.WhatisSue’ssuggestionforpeoplewithdifficulties? 22InSue’se,yweshatisthebestpartaboutherjob?23indecision-making.WhatdoesSuethinkhappinessis?24II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperform.ofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.(A)BagsofLoveLastyear,Iwasassignedtoworkatanofficenearmymother’hsouse,soIstayedwithherforamonth.Duringthattime,Ihelpedoutwiththehouseworkandcontributedtothegroceries.Afterlessthanaweek,Istartednoticingthatthegrocerieswererunningoutprettyquickly—wewerealwayssuddenlyoutofsomething.(25) (wonder)howmymumcouldconsumethemsoquickly,Ibeganobservingherdailyroutinefortwoweeks.Tomysurprise,Ifoundthatshewouldpackapaperbagfullofcannedgoodsandheadouteverymorningataboutnine.Eventually,Idecidedtofollowherand(26) happenedtrulyamazedme.Shewastakingthefoodtotherefugeecamp,in(27) shedistributedittochildren.Iaskedaroundandfoundoutthatmymumwasverywellknowninthearea.Thekidswereveryfriendlywithherandevenlookeduptoherasifsheweretheirownmother.Thenithitme—whywouldshenotwanttotellmeaboutwhatshe(28) (do)?WassheworriedabouthowIwouldreactorthatIwouldstop(29) (buy)thegroceriesifIfoundout?Whenshegothome,Itoldheraboutmydiscovery.(30) shecouldreact,Igaveherabighugandtoldhershedidn’tneedtokeepitasecret(31) me.Shetoldmethatsomeofthechildrenlivedwithanolderladyinashelterwhileotherssleptonthestreets.Foryears,mymumhasbeenhelpingoutbygivingthemwhateverfoodshecouldspare.Iwassoimpressedby(32) selflessshewas.Wondering26.what27.which28.haddone29.buying30.Before31.from32.howwhat考查主語從句。此處 what引導(dǎo)主語從句， whathappened在句中作主語。句意：發(fā)生的事情真的讓我很驚訝。which考查定語從句。此定語從句的先行詞是 therefugeecamp，指物，關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞in的賓語，故用 which，inwhich相當(dāng)于關(guān)系副詞 where。haddone考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文可知，＂我＂被派到媽媽家附近工作，這是過去發(fā)生的事情，而媽媽幫助難民是我來這里工作之前就發(fā)生的事情，所以使用過去完成時(shí)表示過去的過去發(fā)生的事情。buying考查動(dòng)詞短語。 stoptodosth.停下來去做另外一件事情； stopdoingsth.停止做某事。句意：媽媽是擔(dān)憂如果我發(fā)現(xiàn)了這件事情我的反應(yīng)是什么或者擔(dān)憂我不再給她買食品雜貨嗎？根據(jù)句意可知使用 stopdoingsth.?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】連詞before最主要的含義為＂在??之前＂，但在不同的語境中有不同的翻譯方法。本文第 30小題中before意為＂還沒來得及??就??＂。before作為連詞， 其基本含義是＂在??之前＂， 又可以根據(jù)不同語境靈活翻譯成＂才＂、 ＂還沒來得及就??＂、＂趁??＂等。具體用法如下：1）與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can/could連用這時(shí)候從句雖為肯定形式，根據(jù)漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣譯成＂還沒來得及??就??＂，如：BeforeIcouldgetinaword，hehadmeasuredme.我還沒來得及插話他就為我量好了尺寸。Beforeshecouldmove，sheheardaloudnoise，whichgrewtoaterribleroar.她還沒來得及邁步， 就聽見一聲巨響，接著就是可怕的隆隆轟鳴。2）用于肯定句中強(qiáng)調(diào)主句所表達(dá)的時(shí)間，距離長或花費(fèi)的精力大，譯成＂才＂Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawlands.我們航行了四天四夜才看到陸地。Wewaitedalongtimebeforethetrainarrived.我們等了很長時(shí)間火車才到。3）用于否定句中，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句所表達(dá)的時(shí)間，距離短，或花費(fèi)的精力小，譯成＂不到??就??＂。如：Wehadn’trunamilebeforehefelttired.我們跑了還不到一英里他就累了。4）主句含有 hardly，scarcely等半否定副詞時(shí)， 可以譯為＂剛??就??＂。 這時(shí)候主句應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，從句用過去時(shí)，還可以用 when替代 before。如：Wehadscarcelyreachedtheschoolbefore/whenthebellrang.我們剛到學(xué)校鈴聲就響了。5）有時(shí)還可譯為＂寧愿＂。I’dshootmyselfbeforeIapologizedtohim.我寧死也不向他道歉。6)用于＂ It+be/take+時(shí)間段+before句型＂。在這一句型中又可以根據(jù)主從句的時(shí)態(tài)分成兩種情況。若主句是一般將來時(shí)態(tài)，從句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)，若主句是肯定句，則譯為＂要過多長時(shí)間才??＂；若主句是否定句，則譯為＂用不了多久就??＂。Itwillbetwoweeksbeforeeverythingreturnstonormal.兩周之后一切才能恢復(fù)正常。Itwillbemanyyearsbeforethesituationimproves.這種狀況或許要過許多年才能得以改善。Itwon‘tbelongbeforewemeetaga用不了多久我們就會(huì)再見面的。in.若主從句都是一般過去時(shí)。若主句是肯定句，則譯為＂多長時(shí)間之后才??＂；若主句是否定句，則譯為＂沒過多久就??＂。如：ItwassometimebeforeIrealizedthetruth.過了很長一段時(shí)間我才了解到真相。Itwasn’tlongbeforeshebecameabravesolider.沒過多久她就成了一名勇敢的戰(zhàn)士。Afterthatitstilltooksevenyearsbeforetheygotmarried.他們又過了七年才結(jié)婚。考點(diǎn)：考查語法填空(B)Stress:GoodorBad?Stressusedtobeanalmostunknownword,butnowthatweareusedtotalkingaboutit,Ihavefoundthatpeoplearebeginningtogetstressedaboutbeingstressed.Inrecentyears,stress(33) (regard)asacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblems,fromhighbloodpressuretomentalillness.Butlikesomanyotherthings,itisonlytoomuchstress(34) doesyouharm.Itistimeyouconsideredthatiftherewerenostressinyourlife,youwouldachievealittle.Ifyouarestuckathomewithnostress,thenyourlevelofperformancewillbelow.Uptoacertainpoint,themorestressyouareunder,the(35) (good)yourperformancewillbe.Beyondacertainpoint,though,furtherstresswillonlyleadtoexhaustion,illnessandfinallyabreakdown.Youcantellwhenyouareoverthetopandonthedownwardslope,byaskingyourself(36) numberofquestions.Doyou,forinstance,feelthattoomuchisbeingexpectedof(37) ,andyetfinditimpossibletosayno?Doyoufindyourselfgettingimpatientor(38) (annoy)withpeopleoverunimportantthings?...Iftheanswertoallthosequestionsisyes,youhadbetter(39) (control)yourstress,asyouprobablyareundermorestressthanisgoodforyou.Tosomeextentyoucancontroltheamountofstressinyourlife.Doctorshaveworkedoutachartshowinghowmuchstressisinvolvedinvariousevents.Gettingmarriedis50,pregnancy40,movinghouse20,Christmas12,etc.Ifthetotalstressinyourlifeisover150,youaretwiceaslikely(40) (get)ill.【答案】hasbeenregarded34.that35.better36.a37.you38.annoyed39.control40.togetthat考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為 Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分 +that/who+其它成分。其最大的特點(diǎn)是去掉Itis/was和that/who，句子仍然成立。注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型能強(qiáng)調(diào)除謂語動(dòng)詞以外的所有的句子成分。本句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句子的主語 onlytoomuchstress。better考查固定句式。＂ the+比較級(jí)， the+比較級(jí)＂意為＂越??就越??＂。句意：你承受的壓力越大，你的表現(xiàn)就會(huì)越好。所以本空使用 good的比較級(jí)形式 better。a考查固定短語。 anumberof許多，大量；該短語通常作定語修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，本句中使用 anumberof修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式 questions。you考查代詞。句意：例如，你是否感覺到對(duì)你期待得太多了？本句的主語是 you，所以仍然使用賓格you作介詞of的賓語。annoyed考查形容詞。 annoyed惱怒的，該詞是由過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)換而來的形容詞，通常修飾人。本句中該詞和 impatient構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系一起和系動(dòng)詞 get構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。control考查固定搭配。 hadbetterdosth.最好做某事； hadbetter是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后面要接動(dòng)詞原形。toget考查形容詞短語。 belikelytodosth.可能做某事。句意：如果你生活中的壓力超過 150，你就非常有可能生病了?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】本文第34小題考查了強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的用法。強(qiáng)調(diào)句是一種修辭方法，是人們?yōu)榱吮磉_(dá)自己的意愿或情感而使用的一種形式：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：＂ Itis（was）＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分＋ that（who）＋原句其它部分＂用來強(qiáng)調(diào)說話人的意愿。如：ItwasonMondaynightthatallthishappened．所有這一切都發(fā)生在周一晚上。It’smethatheblamed．他怪的是我。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可以對(duì)句子的不同成分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。如：Itistheywho／thatwillhaveameetingtomorrow．（強(qiáng)調(diào)主語 ）Itisameetingthattheywillhavetomorrow． （強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語 ）Itistomorrowthattheywillhaveameeting． （強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語 ）應(yīng)注意的要點(diǎn) :1．強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可以用來強(qiáng)調(diào)主語、賓語（包括介詞賓語）和狀語。其中的 It本身沒有詞義。2．強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的連接詞一般只用 who（指人 ）或 that（可指物，也可指人 ），若被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是狀語，也只能用 that，而不能用 when或者 where。而且連接詞都不能省略。如：Itwasintheparkthathemetanoldfriendyesterday．（雖然強(qiáng)調(diào)的是地點(diǎn)，但不能用 where。）3．強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的主語時(shí)， that或who之后的謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要與它前面被強(qiáng)調(diào)的名詞或代詞一致。 如：ItisMaryandTomwhooftendogooddeeds．4．強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的時(shí)態(tài)常見的有兩種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。即Itis?that／who?和Itwas?that／who?。如：Itwasthewayheaskedthatreallyupsetme．5．判斷一個(gè)句子是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句的方法是： 如果將句中的 Itis／was和 that／who去掉，經(jīng)整理后還是一個(gè)完整的句子，本句就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。否則，就不是。如：Itwasintoday'snewspaperthatwefoundthenews．去掉Itwas和that之后，句子可以整理為 :Wefoundthenewsintoday’snewspaper．這是一個(gè)完整的句子，故本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。常見考法 :1．用介詞短語來作為被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分。如：Itwasforthisreasonthatheleftthatschool．Itwasinthiswaythathesolvedtheproblem．2．用時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句等作為被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分。如：ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsthatIbegantoappreciatetheirbeauty．3．用 notuntil復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)作為被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分。如：ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafilmstar．Itwasnotuntil1920thatregularradiobroadcastsbegan．4．在被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分后接定語從句，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)更加復(fù)雜。如：ItwasonJuly7th,1975whenhewasbornthathisfatherdied．5．通過句型轉(zhuǎn)換來進(jìn)行考查。如把肯定句改成一般疑問句或特殊疑問句，或把肯定句改成否定句或否定疑問句等。如：WasitduringtheSecondWorldWarthathedied？Whenwasitthatthesportsmeetingbegan？ItwasnotTomthatstolethebook．Wasn’tithethathadmadeamistake？6．通過改變系動(dòng)詞的形式來進(jìn)行考查。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的系動(dòng)詞除了用 is或was外，還可以在其前面加上may／might／must等表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如：Itmightbehimthatyoumetyesterday．考點(diǎn)：考查語法填空SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.accountB.adjustableC.appliancesD.captureE.decorationsF.directG.experimentH.intendedI.operatedJ.soullessK.squeezeGoldenRulesofGoodDesignWhatmakesgooddesign?Overtheyears,designersandartistshavebeentryingto41theessentialsofgooddesign.Theyhavefoundthatsomesayingscanhelppeopleunderstandtheideasofgooddesign.Therearefourasfollows.Lessismore.ThissayingisassociatedwiththeGerman-bornarchitectMiesvanderRohe.InhisModernistview,beautyliesinsimplicityandelegance,andtheaimofthedesigneristocreatesolutionstoproblemsthroughthemostefficientmeans.Designshouldavoidunnecessary42Moreisnotabore.TheAmerican-bornarchitectRobertVenturiconcludedthatifsimplicityisdonebadly,theresultis43design.Post-Modernistdesignersbeganto44 withdecorationandcoloragain.Productdesignwasheavilyinfluencedbythisviewandcanbeseeninkitchen 45suchasovensandkettles.Fitnessforpurpose.Successfulproductdesigntakesintoconsiderationaproduct ’sfunction,purpose,form,color,andsoon.Themostimportantresultfortheuseristhattheproductdoeswhatis46 .Forexample,thinkofa(n)47desklamp.Itneedstobeconstructedfrommaterialsthatwillstandtheheatofthelampandregularadjustmentsbytheuser.Italsoneedstobestable.Mostimportantly,itneedsto 48lightwhereitisneeded.Fromfollowsemotion.ThisphraseisassociatedwiththeGermandesignerHartmutEsslinger.Hebelievesdesignmusttakeinto49thesensorysideofournature—sight,smell,touchandtaste.Theseareasimportantasrational(理性的 ).Whenchoosingeverydayproductssuchastoothpaste,weappreciateacool-lookingdevicethatallowsustoeasily50thetoothpasteontoourbrush.【答案】41.D42.E43.J44.G45.C46.H47.B48.F49.A50.K.Jsoulless沒有靈魂的；該詞在本句中做定語修飾名詞 design。根據(jù)前半句 TheAmerican-bornarchitectRobertVenturiconcludedthatifsimplicityisdonebadly可知美國出生的建筑家 RobertVenturi總結(jié)過，如果簡約沒有做好，那么這樣的設(shè)計(jì)就是沒有靈魂的。.Gexperimentwith試用，用??做實(shí)驗(yàn)。句意：后現(xiàn)代主義設(shè)計(jì)師們?cè)僖淮伍_始試驗(yàn)裝飾和顏色。.Cappliance電器，電器工具； 由后面列舉的例子＂ ovensandkettles＂烤箱和水壺可推斷此處指廚房電器等物品。.Hintended預(yù)期的； 本句中該詞和系動(dòng)詞 is構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 句意：對(duì)用戶來說最重要的是產(chǎn)品達(dá)到了預(yù)期的效果。.Badjustable可調(diào)節(jié)的；本句中該詞作定語修飾名詞 desklamp，意為＂可調(diào)節(jié)的臺(tái)燈＂，與后句中的＂regularadjustmentsbytheuser＂相呼應(yīng)。.Fdirect把??對(duì)準(zhǔn)，指導(dǎo)；本句中該詞與名詞 light構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓短語。句意：最重要的是，它需要對(duì)準(zhǔn)需要光線的地方。.Atake intoaccount考慮??；把??考慮在內(nèi)；句意：他認(rèn)為設(shè)計(jì)必須要把自然的知覺考慮在內(nèi)，如：視覺、嗅覺、觸覺和味覺。.Ksqueeze擠壓；本句中該詞和名詞 thetoothpaste構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。句意：當(dāng)我們選擇日常用品時(shí)，我們很喜歡一個(gè)看起來很酷的裝置，能讓我們很容易地把牙膏擠到我們的牙刷上。【名師點(diǎn)睛】在選詞填空中，很重要的一點(diǎn)就是要確認(rèn)空格詞的詞性。下面給大家一些確認(rèn)空格詞詞性的小規(guī)律：如何確定空格處為名詞如果空格處前面為冠詞 a/an/the、形容詞或者及物動(dòng)詞，空格處應(yīng)填入名詞。如果空格處前面是介詞，空格充當(dāng)該介詞的賓語，需填入一個(gè)名詞。如果空格處后面是謂語動(dòng)詞的，且空格前沒有句子主語，空格處應(yīng)填入該動(dòng)詞的主語 (名詞 )。如何確定空格處為動(dòng)詞如果空格處前面已經(jīng)有名詞或代詞作主語，后面又有名詞或代詞作動(dòng)詞的賓語，且中間無謂語動(dòng)詞，空格處應(yīng)為及物動(dòng)詞；如 48.Direct把??對(duì)準(zhǔn)，指導(dǎo)。如果空格處前面是 be動(dòng)詞，后面無賓語且句意表被動(dòng)，空格處應(yīng)填及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。如果空格處前面是名詞或代詞作主語，后面沒有賓語或有一個(gè)介詞加賓語。如果空格處前面是名詞或代詞作主語，后面是形容詞，空格應(yīng)填入系動(dòng)詞或 be動(dòng)詞。如果空格處前有不定式標(biāo)志 to，空格處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞原形；如果 to是介詞，后面應(yīng)填入動(dòng)名詞。如何確定空格處為形容詞如果空格處后面為名詞的，空格處可能填入形容詞；如 47.形容詞 adjustable可調(diào)節(jié)的如果空格處前面是副詞的，空格處可能填入形容詞；如果空格處前面是系動(dòng)詞或 be動(dòng)詞，空格處可能填入形容詞作表語。如 46.形容詞intended預(yù)期的；如何確定空格處為副詞如果空格處前面或者后面為動(dòng)詞的，空格處可能填入副詞。如果空格處后面是形容詞的，空格處可能填入副詞?？键c(diǎn)：考查選詞填空III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Inthe1960s,DouglasMcGregor,oneofthekeythinkersintheartofmanagement,developedthemowfamousTheoryXandTheoryY.TheoryXistheideathatpeopleinstinctively51workandwilldoanythingtoavoidit.TheoryYistheviewthateveryonehasthepotentialtofindsatisfactioninwork.Inanycase,despitesomuchevidencetothe52,manymanagersstillagreetoTheoryX.Theybelieve,53 ,thattheiremployeesneedconstantsupervisioniftheyaretoworkeffectively,orthatdecisionsmustbeimposedfrom54withoutconsultation.This,ofcourse,makesforauthoritarian(專制的)managers.Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysof55people.Unlikeauthoritarianmanagement,somecultures,particularlyinAsia,arewellknownfortheconsultativenatureofdecision-making—allmembersofthedepartmentorworkgroupareaskedto56tothisprocess.Thisismanagementbythecollectiveopinion.Manywestern

companieshavetriedtoimitatesuchAsianwaysofdoingthings,whicharebasedongeneral57.Someexpertssaythatwomenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmenbecausetheyhavethepowertoreachcommongoalsinawaythattraditional58managerscannot.Arecenttrendhasbeentoencourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative,tomakedecisionsontheirownwithout59managersfirst.Thisempowerment（授權(quán) ）hasbeenpartofthetrendtowardsdownsizing: 60thenumberofmanagementlayersincompanies.Afterde-layeringinthisway,acompanymaybe 61withjustatoplevelofseniormanagers,front-linemanagersandemployeeswithdirectcontactwiththepublic.Empowermenttakestheideaofdelegation（委托）muchfurtherthanhas62beenthecase.Empowermentanddelegationmeannewformsofmanagementcontrolto63thattheoverallbusinessplanisbeingfollowed,andthatoperationsbecomemoreprofitableundertheneworganization,ratherthanless.Anothertrendisoff-siteor64management,whereteamsofpeoplelinkedbye-mailandtheInternetworkonprojectsfromtheirownhouses.Projectmanagersevaluatethe65oftheteammembersintermsofwhattheyproduceforprojects,ratherthantheamountoftimetheyspendonthem.A.desireA.contraryA.viceversaA.outsideA.desireA.contraryA.viceversaA.outsideA.replacingA.referA.agreementB.seekB.expectationB.forexampleB.insideB.assessingB.contributepracticeloseC.degreeC.howeverbelowC.managingC.objectC.electiondislikeD.extremeD.otherwiseD.aboveD.encouragingD.applyD.impression58.A.bossy B.experienced C.western58.A.bossy B.experienced C.westernD.maleA.askingA.doublingA.honoredA.economicallyA.askingA.doublingA.honoredA.economicallyB.trainingB.maintainingleftB.traditionallywarningC.reducingC.crowdedC.inadequatelyfiringD.estimatingD.comparedD.occasionallyA.denyA.virtualB.admitB.ineffectiveC.assumeC.day-to-dayD.ensureD.on-the-sceneA.opinion B.riskC.performanceD.attractiveness61.BDA.denyA.virtualB.admitB.ineffectiveC.assumeC.day-to-dayD.ensureD.on-the-sceneA.opinion B.riskC.performanceD.attractiveness61.BDA53.B54.D62.B63.D64.A65.C55.C56.B57.A58.D59.A60.C53.B由后面的例子他們認(rèn)為如果要員工效率高，就需要給與他們不斷的監(jiān)督可知此處是舉例說明。故 B項(xiàng)正確。54.D考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)后句可知，此處是說，他們的決定是來自上而下的，沒有任何商量的余地。故 D項(xiàng)＂above上面的＂正確。55.C考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)前段可知本文討論的是管理學(xué)的理論，此處是說，不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。故 C項(xiàng)正確。56.B考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。 referto提到，談到； contributeto做貢獻(xiàn)；導(dǎo)致； objectto反對(duì)；applyto適用于。此處是說，亞洲人使用的是協(xié)商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求對(duì)管理的過程作出自己的貢獻(xiàn)。故 B項(xiàng)正確。.A考查名詞辨析。 agreement同意；practice練習(xí)，做法； election選舉；impression印象。此處是說，亞洲人使用協(xié)商式的管理方法，這種方法是建立在共同協(xié)商基礎(chǔ)之上的，西方人也想模仿這樣的管理方法。故A項(xiàng)正確。.D考查形容詞辨析。 根據(jù)前半句＂ womenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmen ＂可知有些專家認(rèn)為女性比男性管理更高效。因?yàn)榕愿杏H和力，比男性管理人更容易與別人達(dá)成一致的目標(biāo)。故 D項(xiàng)正確。.A考查動(dòng)詞辨析。 根據(jù)前句＂ ...encourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative...＂（鼓勵(lì)員工使用自己的首創(chuàng)精神） ，也就是說在作出決定的時(shí)候不用先請(qǐng)示上級(jí)經(jīng)理。故 A項(xiàng)正確。.C考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)＂ thetrendtowardsdownsizing＂（縮小規(guī)模的趨勢(shì)）可知，也就是要減少管理層的數(shù)量，可以直接做出決定而不需要請(qǐng)示上級(jí)。故動(dòng)詞＂ reduce減少＂符合語境。.D考查動(dòng)詞辨析。 deny否認(rèn)；admit承認(rèn)； assume假定，設(shè)想； ensure保證，確保；授權(quán)管理是一種新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理環(huán)節(jié)，保證了整個(gè)商業(yè)計(jì)劃被采用。根據(jù)句意可知 D正確。.Avirtual虛擬的；ineffective低效的； day-to-day日常的；on-the-scene現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的。根據(jù)后句＂ whereteamsofpeoplelinkedbye-mailandtheInternetworkonprojectsfromtheirownhouses＂可知在這種新型的管理方法中，人們都是通過郵件和網(wǎng)絡(luò)聯(lián)系，說明這種一種新型通過虛擬網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行的管理方法。故 A項(xiàng)正確。.C考查名詞辨析。 opinion觀點(diǎn)；risk冒險(xiǎn)；performance表現(xiàn)；attractiveness魅力；根據(jù)后半句中＂intermsofwhattheyproduceforprojects,ratherthantheamountoftimetheyspendonthem＂可知我們?cè)u(píng)價(jià)員工的表現(xiàn)是根據(jù)他們的產(chǎn)品而不是他們的工作時(shí)間。故 C項(xiàng)正確。【名師點(diǎn)睛】本篇完形填空對(duì)語境理解和詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn)進(jìn)行了集中考查，占到了三分之二。由于完形填空的文章是一個(gè)意義相關(guān)聯(lián)的語篇，圍繞一個(gè)話題論述，因此在行文中詞語的重復(fù)、替代、復(fù)現(xiàn)和同現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象是不可避免的。根據(jù)這個(gè)原則，某一個(gè)空格所對(duì)應(yīng)的答案很可能就是在上下文中復(fù)現(xiàn)或同現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞，考生可以根據(jù)這些詞之間的有機(jī)聯(lián)系來確定答案。所以，解題時(shí)應(yīng)聯(lián)系上下文尋找相關(guān)線索，如某一個(gè)詞的原詞、指代詞、同義詞、近義詞、上義詞、下義詞和概括詞等。但由于我們?cè)谧鲱}時(shí)不可能總是重復(fù)地閱讀文章，因此，在做完形填空時(shí)要培養(yǎng)一種捕捉并記憶相關(guān)信息的能力?？键c(diǎn)：考查說明文閱讀SectionBDirection：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedsattments.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Oneearlymorning,IwentintothelivingroomtofindmymotherreadingathickbookcalledBestLovedPoemstoReadAgainandAgain.Myinterestwasarousedonlybythefactthattheword＂Poems＂appearedinbig,hotpinkletters.

Isitgood?＂Iaskedher.Yeah,＂ sheanswered.＂There’soneIreallylikeandyou ’＂lllIikleeaint,etdoofo.rward.‘PattyPoem＂,’shereadthetitle.WhoisPatty?Iwondered.Thepoembegan:Sheneverputshertoysaway,Justleavesthemscattered①wheretheylay,? ①散亂的Thepoemwasjustthreeshortsections.Thefinalonecamequickly:Whenshegrowsandgatherspoise②, ②穩(wěn)重I’llmissherhraum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的Andlookinvain④forscatteredtoys. ④徒勞地AndI’llbesad.Aterriblesorrowwashedoverme.WhoeverPattywas,shewasameangirl.Then,theshock.＂It’syou,hon＂ey,Mymothersaidsadly.Tomymother,thepoemrevealedaparent’afsfectionwhenherchildgrowsupandleaves.Tome,the＂she＂inthepoemwashorror.Itwasmymamawhowouldbesad.ItwassoterribleIburstoutcrying.＂What’swron＂g?mymotherasked.＂OhMama,＂Icried.＂Idon’twanttogrowupeve＂r!Shesmiled.＂Honey,it’sokay.You’renotgrowingupanytimesoon.Andwhenyoudo,I ’llstilllokay?＂＂Okay,＂Iwasstillweeping.Mypanichasgone.ButIcouldnothelpthinkingaboutthatsillypoem.Afterwhatseemedlikeasafeamountoftime,Ireadthepoemagainandwasconfused.Itallfitsowelltogether,likeapuzzle.Thelanguagewassimple,sosimpleIcouldplainlyunderstanditsmeaning,yetitwasstillbeautiful.Iwasnowfascinatedbytheideaofpoetry,wordsthathadthepowertomakeorbreakaperson ’sworld.Ihavesincefalleninlovewithotherpoems,but＂PattyPoem＂remainsmypoem.Afterall,＂PattyPoem＂ gavememyloveforpoetrynotbecauseitwasthepoemthatliftedmyspirits,butbecauseitwastheonethathurtmethemost.WhywasthewriterattractedbythebookBestLovedPoemstoReadAgainandAgain?Itwasathickenoughbook.Somethingonitscovercaughthereye.Hermotherwasreadingitwithinterest.Ithasameaningfultitle.Afterhermotherreadthepoemtoher,thewriterfelt atfirst.A.sadB.excitedC.horrifiedD.confusedA.sadB.excitedC.horrifiedD.confusedThewriter’smotherlikedto＂reaPdattyPoem＂probablybecause .itreflectedherownchildhooditwaswritteninsimplelanguageitwascomposedbyafamouspoetitgaveherahintofwhatwouldhappenItcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat＂PattyPoem＂leadsthewriterto .discoverthepowerofpoetryrecognizeherloveforpuzzlesfindhereagernesstogrowupexperiencegreathomesickness【答案】 66.B67.A68.D69.A.D推理判斷題。 根據(jù)Tomymother,thepoemrevealedaparenta’ffesctionwhenherchildgrowsupandleaves.Tome,the＂she＂ inthepoemwashorror.Itwasmymamawhowouldbesad.可知對(duì)媽媽來說這首詩讓她想起我也會(huì)長大并且也會(huì)離開她，她也會(huì)因?yàn)槲业碾x開而非常難受。所以這本書讓她把未來可能發(fā)生的事情聯(lián)系了起來。故 D項(xiàng)正確。.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段＂ Ihavesincefalleninlovewithotherpoems,but＂PattyPoem＂remainsmypoem.Afterall,＂PattyPoem＂gavememyloveforpoetrynotbecauseitwasthepoemthatliftedmyspirits,butbecauseitwastheonethathurtmethemost.＂可知這首詩讓作者感受了詩歌的美，讓作者愛上了詩歌，因?yàn)檫@是一首有強(qiáng)烈的情感沖擊力的詩歌。故 A項(xiàng)正確。【名師點(diǎn)睛】第【69】小題屬于推斷人物性格、心情處境、態(tài)度及觀點(diǎn)等的推理判斷題。高考閱讀測(cè)試中有些題目考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章的主導(dǎo)思想、被描寫人物語氣、言談話語中流露的情緒、性格傾向及文中人物的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等方面的理解。做這一類題時(shí)一定注意：（1）由表及里地準(zhǔn)確把握字里行間的意思，切勿用自己的主觀想法或觀點(diǎn)代替作者的思想觀點(diǎn)。（2）特別注意那些描寫環(huán)境氣氛的語言，以及表達(dá)感情和態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)的詞語。要特別注意作者在文章中的措辭，尤其是感情色彩的形容詞。（3）能結(jié)合自己平時(shí)積累的有關(guān)英語國家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等背景知識(shí)來識(shí)別評(píng)價(jià)。以第【 69】小題為例，根據(jù)文章最后一段＂ Ihavesincefalleninlovewithotherpoems,but＂PattyPoem＂remainsmypoem.Afterall,＂PattyPoem＂gavememyloveforpoetrynotbecauseitwasthepoemthatliftedmyspirits,butbecauseitwastheonethathurtmethemost.＂可知這首詩讓作者感受了詩歌的美，讓作者愛上了詩歌，因?yàn)檫@是一首有強(qiáng)烈的情感沖擊力的詩歌。考點(diǎn)：考查記敘文閱讀（B）Istherelinkbetweenhumansandclimatechangeornot?Thisquestionwasfirststudiedintheearly1900s.Sincethen,manyscientistshavethoughtthatouractionsdomakeadifference.In1997,theKyotoProtocolexplainedourroleintheEarth’chsangingatmosphereandsetinternationallimitsforgasemissions（排放 ）from2008to2012.Somecountrieshavedecidedtocontinuethesereductionsuntil2020.Morerecently,theParisAgreement,stuckbynearly200countries,alsoaimstolimitglobalwarming.Butjustnowhowmuchwarmeritwillgetdependsonhowdeeplycountriescutcarbonemissions.3.5℃Thisishowmuchtemperatureswouldriseby2100evenifnationsliveuptotheinitialParispromisestoreducecarbonemissions;thisrisecouldstillputcoastalcitiesunderwateranddriveoverhalfofallspeciestoextinction.2℃Tomeetthisminimumgoal,theAgreementrequirescountriestotightenemissionstargetseveryfiveyears.Eventhisincreasecouldsinksomeislands,worsedrought（干旱）anddriveadeclineofuptoathirdinthenumberofspecies.1.5℃ThisisthemostambitiousgoalfortemperaturerisesetbytheParisAgreement,afterapushbylow-lyingislandnationslikeKiribati,whichsaylimitingtemperatureriseto1.5℃couldsavethemfromsinking.0.8℃Thisishowmuchtemperatureshaverisensincetheindustrialagebegan,puttingus40%ofthewaytothe2 ℃point.0℃Thebaselinehereisaverageglobaltemperaturebeforethestartoftheindustrialage.Itcanbeconcludedfromparagraph1that .theproblemofglobalwarmingwillhavebeenquitesolvedby2020gasemissionshavebeeneffectivelyreducedindevelopedcountriestheParisAgreementsismoreinfluentialthantheKyotoProtocolhumanshavemadecontinuouseffortstoslowdownglobalwarmingIfnationscouldonlykeeptheinitialpromisesoftheParisAgreement,whatwouldhappenbytheyear2100?Thehumanpopulationwouldincreasebyonethird.Littleover50%ofallspecieswouldstillexist.Nationswouldnotneedtotightentheiremissionstargets.TheAgreement’sminimumgoalwouldnotbereached.Ifthoseislandnationsnotfarabovesealevelaretosurvive,themaximumtemperaturerise,sincethestartoftheindustrialage,shouldbe .A.0.8℃ B.1.5℃C.2℃ D.3.5℃【答案】 70.D71.D72.B【解析】試題分析：本文介紹了人們一直努力減少溫室氣體的排放，并設(shè)立了到 2100年我們應(yīng)該達(dá)成的目標(biāo)以及達(dá)成目標(biāo)要符合的條件。70.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段第三句至第六句＂ Sincethen,manyscientistshavethoughtthatouractionsdomakeadifference.In1997,theKyoto stuckbynearly200countries,alsoaimstolimitglobalwarming.＂可知自從20世紀(jì)早期開始人類就一直在努力減少溫室氣體的排放，希望能減緩全球變暖的趨勢(shì)。 故知自從20世紀(jì)早期開始人類就一直在努力減少溫室氣體的排放，72.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段 1.5℃中的 ThisisthemostambitiousgoalfortemperaturerisesetbytheParisAgreement,afterapushbylow-lyingislandnationslikeKiribati,whichsaylimitingtemperatureriseto1.5℃couldsavethemfromsinking.可知對(duì)于那些低海拔的國家來說溫度上